The Elements, we repeat, afford a better exercise in Articulation than words connected to form sense. The drill on the Elements should form a daily exercise in all our primary schools. Change the pitch and force often in reciting them. The student will be well repaid for his trouble if he would study Webster's and Worcester's Dictionaries, especially the introduction in regard to the Elements of the English lan guage.

If we give the Elements properly, we shall have no trouble with their combinations into words and sentences.

In exploding the vocals, be careful to breathe deeply, and use the whole of the upper part of the system, not confining the utterance to the upper part of the larynx, or to any one part of the vocal organs.

We here give a table of Cognates, which are produced by the same organs in a similar manner, and only differ in one being a half-tone, the other a whisper.

VOICE

THE VOICE.

OICE is the sound of the breath, propelled through the larynx, striking against the glottis or opening into the

mouth.

Its modulation depends upon the control of the larynx, the nternal diameter of the glottis, its elasticity and mobility, and the force with which the air is expelled.

To modulate or change the voice from one key to another, with proper degrees of power to each, as the subject demands, is as beautiful in its effect as it is difficult in its performance or acquirement.

The student should understand that the vocal organs may be developed and strengthened. If we have not passed through much practice in breathing, utterance of elements, and models in tone, we have no correct judgment in regard to the voice. Its power may be much increased, and its quality improved.

Poets, to produce variety, alter the structure of their verse, and rather hazard uncouthness and discord than sameness. Prose writers change the style, time, and structure of their periods, and sometimes throw in exclamations, and sometimes interrogatories, to rouse and keep alive the attention; but all this art is entirely thrown away, if the reader does not enter into the spirit of the author, and, by a similar kind of genius, render even variety itself more various; if he does not, by an alteration in his voice, manner, tone, gesture, loudness, softness, quickness, slowness, adopt every change of which the subject is susceptible.

We have never yet found a person who could not acquire proficiency in modulating the voice. It is the mind's instrument of communication. Some are obliged to practise more than others, but none need give up the work as useless.

QUALITY OF VOICE.

We should understand the different qualities of voice, and the ideas they express. We make two general divisions of Quality: PURE and IMPURE. These may again be subdivided into Pure Tone, deepened or Orotund Quality, Tremor Quality Guttural Quality, and Aspirate Quality.

The PURE QUALITY includes all Unemotional Utterances, Simple Narrations, Conversations, Joy, etc. It should be zealously cultivated.

EXAMPLES.

HOPE OF GOOD TIDINGS.

O Hope! sweet flatterer, whose delusive touch
Sheds on afflicted minds the balm of comfort:
Relieves the load of poverty; sustains
The captive bending with the weight of bonds,
And smooths the pillow of disease and pain ;—
Send back the exploring messenger with joy,
And let me hail thee from that friendly grove.
Glover's Boadicea.

JOY EXPECTED.

Ah, Juliet if the measure of thy joy

Be heap'd like mine, and that thy skill be more
To blazon it, then sweeten with thy breath
This neighbor air, and let rich music's tongue
Unfold the imagin'd happiness that both
Receive.

Romeo and Juliet.

JOY APPROACHING TO FOLLY.

Come, let us to the castle.

News, friends; our wars are done, the Turks are drown'd
How does my old acquaintance of this isle?—

Honey, you shall be well desired in Cyprus,

I have found great love amongst them. O my sweet,
I prattle out of fashion, and I dote

In mine own comforts.

Othello.

JOY APPROACHING TO TRANSPORT,

Oh joy, thou welcome stranger, twice three years
I have not felt thy vital beam, but now

It warms my veins, and plays about my heart;

A fiery instinct lifts me from the ground,

And I could mount.

Dr. Young's Revenge.

The OROTUND QUALITY is used in Sublime Exhortations, Apostrophe, Bold Declamation, and Animated Appeals.

EXAMPLES.

AN EXHORTATION.

But wherefore do you droop? why look you sad?
Be great in act, as you have been in thought;
Let not the world see fear, and sad distrust
Govern the motion of a kingly eye:

Be stirring as the time; be fire with fire;
Threaten the threatener, and outface the brow
Of bragging horror: so shall inferior eyes,
That borrow their behavior from the great,
Grow great by your example, and put on
The dauntless spirit of resolution.

Away and glisten like the god of war,
When he intendeth to become the field:
Show boldness and aspiring confidence.
What shall they seek the lion in his den,

And fright him there? and make him tremble there?
0, let it not be said.-Forage and run

To meet displeasure farther from the doors,
And grapple with him ere he come so nigh.

King John.

DEFINITION OF ELOQUENCE. When public bodies are to be addressed on momentous occasions, when great interests are at stake, and strong passions excited, nothing is valuable in speech farther than it is connected with high intellectual and moral endowments.

Clearness, force, and earnestness are the qualities which pro duce conviction. True eloquence, indeed, does not consist in speech; it cannot be brought from far. Labor and learning may toil for it, but they toil for it in vain: words and phrases may be marshalled in every way, but they cannot compass it: it must exist in the man, in the subject, and in the occasion. Affected passion, intense expression, the pomp of declamation, -all may aspire after it; they cannot reach it: it comes, if it come at all, like the outbreaking of a fountain from the earth, or the bursting forth of volcanic fires, with spontaneous, original, native force.-Webster.

The GUTTURAL QUALITY expresses Loathing, Contempt, Hatred, Revenge, Scorn, etc.

EXAMPLES.

ENVY AMOUNTING TO HATRED.

How like a fawning publican he looks!
I hate him for he is a Christian;
But more for that, in low simplicity,

He lends out money gratis, and brings down
The rate of usance here with us in Venice.
If I can catch him once upon the hip,

I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him.
He hates our sacred nation; and he rails,
Even there where merchants most do congregate,
On me, my bargains, and my well-won thrift,
Which he calls interest. Cursed be my tribe,
If I forgive him.
Merchant of Venice.

HATRED CURSING THE OBJECT HATED.

Poison be their drink!

Gall, worse than gall, the daintiest that they taste!
Their sweetest shade a grove of cypress-trees!
Their chiefest prospect, murthering basilisks !
Their softest touch, as smart as lizard's stings!