12. William caught three fishes; the first weighed

of

a pound, the second of a pound, and the third † of a pound: how much did they all weigh?

13. A merchant sold of a yard of velvet to one lady, of a yard to another, and of a yard to another: how much did he sell?

14. A slate cost and a geography

cost?

of a dollar, a reader of a dollar,

of a dollar how much did all

:

of an acre to Mr. A.,

15. If I sold to Mr. C., and to Mr. D., how much did I

16. John had 3 of a dollar in one pocket, in another pocket, and of a dollar in his much had he?

to Mr. B., †

sell to all?

of a dollar hand: how

17. Mary gave of a cake to her sister, of a cake to her brother, and had of a cake left: how much had

she at first?

18. A tailor cut of a yard from a piece of cloth for one customer, of a yard for another customer, and had of a yard left: how much cloth had he at first?

19. Thomas walked of a mile, Harry of a mile, and Samuel as far as both Thomas and Harry: how many miles were walked by the three?

Find the sum of:

20. and; and ; 3 and 3; % and 4.

WRITTEN EXERCISES.

ART. 147.-1. Add 3,, and .

ART. 148.-Rule for Addition of Fractions.-Change the fractions to equivalent fractions having a common denominator, add their numerators and write their sum over the common denominator. When there are mixed numbers or integers, add the whole numbers and fractions separately, and then add their sums.

NOTE.-If the sum be an improper fraction, change it to a whole or mixed number and reduce fractional results to their lowest terms.

6. A owns three lots, the first containing 5

second 11 acres, and the third 133 acres : acres does he own?

acres, the how many

7. A grocer has two casks of sugar, one containing 1637 pounds, and the other 180 pounds: how many pounds in both?

8. If I pay $1,250 for a barn and expend $230% in repairs, what is the total cost?

9. A dealer purchased two boat-loads of coal. first there were 275 tons, and in the second 233 how many tons did he purchase?

In the

tons:

10. The sales made by a commercial traveler amounted to $541 in one day, $48, the second day, and $603 the third day how much did he sell in the three days?

11. Three bins contain respectively 843 bushels, 88 bushels, and 90 bushels: how much in the three bins ?

12. A farmer sold a horse for $175, a colt for $35, and a cow for $49: how much did he receive?

13. A man earned $393 the first month, $41 the second month, and $37 the third month: how much did he earn?

14. A grocer's sales amounted to $95 on Monday, $87 on Tuesday, $91 on Wednesday, and $88 on Thursday: what was the total amount ?

15. A pedestrian walked 38 miles on Monday, 39 miles on Tuesday, 403 miles on Wednesday, and 421⁄2 miles on Thursday: how far did he walk?

16. A farmer received $27 for some hay, $164 for some oats, $25 for some wheat, and $15 for some corn: how much did he receive for all?

17. The value of a house is $4,250, of a lot $1,232, of a barn $2,154, and of the other buildings $948: what is the value of all?

18. Mr. B. owns four farms, containing 111 acres, 119 acres, 205 acres, and 1935 acres: how many acres does he own?

19. A clothier bought five pieces of cloth containing 213 yards, 33 yards, 37 yards, 39 yards, and 283 yards how many yards did he buy?

20. A spent $193, B spent $11 more than A, and C spent $176 more than A and B: how much did they all spend?

21. Illustrate by an original problem addition of frac-·

Subtraction of Fractions.

ORAL EXERCISES.

ART. 149.—1. Albert having of a dollar spent of a dollar how much had he left?

2. Susan having § of a quart of cherries, gave away 3 of a quart of cherries: how much had she left?

3. A man owned of an acre and gave away of an acre how much had he left?

4. Wilson gathered of a bushel of pears and sold of a bushel: how much remained?

5. Jacob earned of a dollar and spent of a dollar: how much did he save?

ART. 150.-Principle.-Only like fractions can be subtracted.

6. Aaron paid

of a dollar for a knife and sold it for

of a dollar: what did he lose?

Solution. He lost the difference between of a dollar and of a dollar. and = 5; − = %. He lost of a dollar.

=

10

7. If I pay of a dollar for a book and sell it for of a dollar, how much will I lose?

8. A man owning of a ship sold of it: what part of the ship did he still own?

9. From of a barrel of sugar, a grocer sold g of a barrel what part remained?

10. A farmer planted of an acre with corn and of an acre with potatoes: how much more did he plant with corn than with potatoes ?

11. Thomas earns of a dollar a day and Jarvis

of a dollar: how much more does Jarvis earn than

ART. 151.-1. From & take; from 13 take 11.

1st Process.

Analysis.—Reduce both fractions to equiv38alent fractions having a common denominator.

2d Process.

13% 13% 111⁄2 = 113 Ans. 18

Analysis. Reduce the fractional parts and to equivalent fractions having a common denominator. As cannot be taken from %, take 1 from the integral part of the minuend and add it to . Then from leaves & and 11 from 12 leaves 1.

ART. 152.-Rule for Subtraction of Fractions.-1. Change the fractions to equivalent fractions having a common denominator, subtract the numerator of the subtrahend from the numerator of the minuend, and write the dif ference over the common denominator.

2. If there are mixed numbers and the numerator of the subtrahend is greater than the numerator of the minucnd, take 1 from the integral part of the minuend, reduce it to the required fractional form, add it to the fractional part of the minuend, and proceed as in 1 above.