to the next column, the place of thousands. Thus, two thousands added to the 5, in the fourth column, make seven, 8 make fifteen, 6 make twenty-one, and 2 make twenty-three; that is, two tens of thousands and three thousands. As this is the last column to be added, you must set down the whole number 23; that is, the 3 under the fourth column, the place of thousands, and the 2 at the left hand of it, the place of tens of thousands, and then your work is done.

66

CARRYING ONE FÖR EVERY TEN.

The great advantage of this practice of setting down the units, and of adding, or, as it is called, of CARRYING," the tens to the next column, in Addition, should be thoroughly understood by the learner, as a clear knowledge of this is of great importance in learning Arithmetick. Thus, the preceding sum, if it were not for this practice of carrying one for every ten to the next column, would be performed in the following long and tedious manner.

6405

974

8152 5379

21

Beginning with the 9, at the right hand 2831 column as before, you will say, 9 and 2 make eleven, 4 make fifteen, 5 make twenty, and 1 make 21 units, which, if you do not carry for the two tens, you must set down the whole number, the 1 under the column of units, and the 2 under the column of tens. Beginning with the second column, you will say, 7 and 5 make twelve, 7. make nineteen, and 3 make 2500 22 tens, that is, two hundreds and two tens; 21000 and you must set down the whole number thus, 220, that is, 2 under the column of tens, 23741 2 under the column of hundreds, and a cipher under the column of units. Beginning with the third

220

column, you will say, 3 and 1 make four, 9 make thirteen, 4 make seventeen, and 8 make 25 hundreds, that is, two thousands and five hundreds; and you must set down the whole number thus, 2500; that is, 5 under the column of hundreds, 2 under the column of thousands, a cipher under the column of tens, and a cipher under the column of units. Beginning with the fourth column, you will say, 5 and 8 make thirteen, 6 make nineteen, and 2 make 21 thousands, that is, two tens of thousands, and one thousand; and you must set down the whole number thus, 21000; that is, 1 under the column of thousands, and 2 under the column of tens of thousands. You must draw a line under these different sums, and add them thus, 1 in the place of units; 2 and 2 make 4, in the place of tens; 5 and 2 make 7, in the place of hundreds; 1 and 2 make 3, in the place of thousands; and 2 in the place of tens of thousands. Thus you will readily perceive, that more than half the labour of Addition is saved by the practice of "CARRYING" one for every ten.

Note.-TO TEACHERS. The teacher should be very particular in requiring the learner to place the figures in each column with great accuracy; as, units directly under units, tens under tens, hundreds under hundreds, &c.; for neglect in this particular, would very naturally lead him into errour in performing the operation.

27. A merchant bought of one person 35 barrels of flour, of another 65, and of another person 125; how many barrels did he buy? Ans. 225

barrels.

28. A man bought a suit of new clothes for 45 dollars, a pair of new boots for 6 dollars, a new hat for 8 dollars, and a watch for 25 dollars; what did he give for the whole? Ans. 84 dollars.

29. A man bought a firkin of butter for 12 dollars, a barrel of flour for 7 dollars, a barrel of pork for 16 dollars; how many dollars did he pay for all? Ans. 35 dollars.

30. A young man paid 25 dollars for a pair of steers, 18 dollars for a cart, 8 dollars for a plough, and 19 dollars for a cow; how much did he pay for the whole? Ans. 70 dollars.

31. James lent John at one time 15 dollars, at another time 36 dollars, at another 75, and at another time 25 dollars; how many dollars did he lend him in all? Ans. 151 dollars.

32. A gentleman paid 325 dollars for a coach, 275 dollars for a span of fine horses, and 75 for a set of harness; how much did they all cost? Ans. 675 dollars.

33. George Washington was born in the year 1732, and lived 67 years; in what year did he die? Ans. 1799.

34. A farmer bought a farm for 2375 dollars, and he bought twelve oxen for 725 dollars, nine horses for 675 dollars, twenty-five cows for 525 dollars, and two hundred sheep for 325 dollars, to stock his farm; now many dollars did he pay for the farm and stock? Ans. 4625 dollars.

35. A merchant deposited in the bank 125 dollars in gold, 275 dollars in silver, and 5635 dollars in