EXAMPLES

For Mental Exercise.

1. If you have five apples, and give away three, how many will you have left? Three from five leaves how many?

2. James had six cents, and paid four for candy, how many had he left? Four from six leaves how many?

3. William had seven cents in his pocket, and took out four, how many were left in his pocket? Four from seven leaves how many?

4. If you have six cents, and lose two, how many will you have left? Two from six leaves how many? 5. George owed Thomas twelve dollars, and paid him eight, how many dollars does he still owe him? Eight from twelve leaves how many?

6. John paid nine cents for an inkstand, and Peter paid fifteen cents for one, how many cents did Peter pay for his inkstand more than John did for his? Nine from fifteen leaves how many?

7. Jane borrowed eighteen pins of Eliza, and has paid her nine, how many pins does she still owe her? Nine from eighteen leaves how many?

8. In a pasture were eleven sheep, eight of them were lying down, how many were standing? Eight from eleven leaves how many?

9. James had thirteen marbles, but gave William eight of them, how many had he left? Eight from thirteen leaves how many' ?

10. George bought fifteen apples. On returning home he met William and gave him six, how many had he left? Six from fifteen leaves how many? 11. William bought a penknife for nineteen cents,

and an inkstand for thirteen cents, how many cents did he pay more for the penknife than for the inkstand? Thirteen from nineteen leaves how many?

12. A man bought a cow for sixteen dollars, and sold her for nineteen, how many dollars did he make by the sale? Sixteen from nineteen leaves how many? 13. A man gave his son twenty cents to buy toys on a holyday. He paid six cents for a picture book, four cents for a top, and seven cents for marbles, how many had he left? Six, four, and seven, from twenty leaves how many?

14. Jane went to the store with twenty-three dollars. She bought a dress for nine dollars, a shawl for six dollars, and a pair of shoes for one dollar, how many dollars had she left? Nine, six, and one, from twenty-three leaves how many?

Q. How must the numbers or figures be placed in Substraction?

A. Units directly under units, tens under tens, hundreds under hundreds, thousands under thousands, &c., as in Addition.

Q. If there be more than one number or figure to be substracted, where must you begin to substract?

A. At the right hand figure, or place of units, as in Addition.

Q. Why do you begin at the right hand to

substract?

A. Because figures increase from the right hand to the left.

Q. What is the figure or upper line in Substraction called?

A. It is called the minuend.

Q. Why is it called the minuend?

A. Because it is the number to be lessened by another.

Q. What is the smaller figure or lower line in Substraction called?

A. It is called the subtrahend.

Q. Why is it called the subtrahend?

A. Because it is a number to be taken from a greater.

Q. What is the answer in Substraction called?

A. It is called the difference.

Q. What does the difference show?

A. It shows how much larger the minuend is than the subtrahend.

Q. When all the numbers or figures of the subtrahend are less than the numbers or figures in the minuend, how must they be substracted?

A. Substract and find the difference between them, and place it under the figure which you substracted from.

Q. How many parts are there in Substraction? A. Three, the minuend, the subtrahend, and the difference.

EXPLANATIONS.

Substraction is precisely the reverse of Addition; and your knowledge of Addition will be of great assistance to you in the operations of Substraction.