The ensuing sentences, in Miss Stewart's handwriting, but apparently of a later date, immediately follow the preceding list of the seven manuscript volumes :— "The above is the Index [or rather the Table of Contents] of Seven Volumes of MSS. transcribed, under my father's own inspection, from his older MSS., with considerable alterations and additions, during the last four years of his life. These MSS. were delivered to my brother, after my father's death, according to his will. . "I took a copy of the Index before delivering the MSS. to my brother." Though principally occupied with topics of Political Economy, it will farther be observed, that the destroyed manuscripts comprised also copies of Lectures, of Essays, and of fragments on other matters of Philosophy, as is seen from the contents of the Volumes labelled VI. and VII., in the articles there distinguished by an asterisk, [*]. In Volume I., the articles marked by an asterisk and interrogative, [* ?], appear to have been intended, as equally adapted, to stand either among the Lectures on Political Economy, or among the chapters of the Preliminary Dissertation, Part III. Accordingly, in the only case where an option was possible, the former alternative has been preferred in the present edition of the Collected Works. I here also subjoin a summary of the separate Course of Political Economy in its earlier form, as I find it in Mr. Stewart's handwriting. This, as observed in the footnote at p. 21, Vol. I., excludes the Lectures on Politics proper, a subject comprised in the general Course of Moral Philosophy. These Lectures are now incorporated with those on Political Economy; and, as printed, appear in Vol. II. PLAN OF LECTURES ON POLITICAL ECONOMY, i.—Introductory Lecture on the Object and Utility of Political Economy. ii.-Lectures on the Rise and Progress of this Branch of Science. -Its connexion with Natural Jurisprudence.-View of the systems of Grotius and his Successors; and of the train of thought by which these seem to have led to the modern study of Political Economy. iii.—Preliminary Review of some fundamental Laws which seem to be essential to all the various forms of Civilized Society; particularly of the Institution of Marriage, and of the Laws which protect the Right of Property. POLITICAL ECONOMY. I. OF POPULATION. i.-Of Population, as it is affected by the State of Manners relative to the connexion of the Sexes. ii.-Of Population, as it is affected by the means of Subsistence enjoyed by the People. 1.-Of National Habits with respect to Food. 2.-Of Agriculture, Manufactures, and Population, considered in relation to each other.-State of the Actual Cultivators of the Soil; -Great and Small Farms;-Enclosures;-Distribution of Landed Property;-Agrarian policy of the Romans and of other ancient Nations;-Effects with respect to Population;-Essential Distinction between their Condition and ours, in consequence of the Abolition of Domestic Slavery, and other causes; and absurdity of reasoning from their institutions, as applicable to the present State of Society.-Law of Entails. VOL. VIII. b Influence of Manufactures in encouraging Agriculture among Nations which exclude the institution of Domestic Slavery.-Subordination of Manufactures to Agriculture.-Errors of some modern Statesmen on this subject.-Discouragements which still exist to the Progress of Agriculture. Digression concerning the effects of some particular forms of Manufacturing Industry, lately introduced into this Country.-Cotton Mills, &c.-General question concerning the tendency of Mechanical contrivances for abridging labour, to increase or to diminish the Population of a Country. How far the Number of a people, compared with the extent of their Territory, may be regarded as a test of National Prosperity.-Mischievous consequences of encouraging Population without a corresponding increase in the funds necessary to support it. Question resumed concerning the Subordination of Manufactures to Agriculture.-Application of these reasonings to the present state of Great Britain.-Objection, which has been stated to these liberal views of Political Economy, from their supposed tendency to produce or to accelerate the mischiefs of an Excessive Population.-Critical Examination of a late Essay on the Principle of Population, as it affects the Future Improvement of Society.-[London, 1798, by Malthus.] APPENDIX. Of the Means which have been employed to ascertain the State of Population in particular instances.-Number of Houses;-Quantity of Consumption in the article of Food ;-Register of Births, Deaths, and Marriages. Miscellaneous observations and inquiries, chiefly relating to the question concerning the progressive or declining Population of Great Britain;-Population of France. Population of China.-Application of this extreme case, to illustrate the principles formerly stated concerning the evils of an excessive Population, and the danger of proposing Population as an ultimate object of policy, instead of advancing it through the medium of National Wealth. II. OF NATIONAL WEALTH. i.-Of Productive and Unproductive Labour. ii.Of the Principles on which the Effective Powers of Labour depend. iii.-Of Money. Examination of the opinions of Locke, Law, and Berkeley. iv. Of the Real and Nominal Price of Commodities. Examination of Mr. Smith's reasonings on this subject. v. Of the Principles by which the relative Values of Money and of Commodities are adjusted in Commercial transactions. vi. Of the Accumulation of Stock; of Money lent upon Interest. vii. Of the Freedom of Trade. 1.-Of Restraints on Domestic Commerce and Industry. viii. Of the Corn Trade. ix. Of the Commerce of Money. x.-Of the Commerce of Land. xi.-Of Taxes. III. OF THE POOR. i.-History of the Poor-Laws in England. ii.-State of the Poor in Scotland. iii.-Of Charity Workhouses. iv.-Of Friendly Societies. v.-General Principles, and Miscellaneous Observations on the Subject.-Rumford. IV. OF CORRECTIVE POLICE. i.-Of Penitentiary Houses and Solitary Confinement;-Panopticon of Mr. Bentham, &c. &c. ii. Of the General Principles which ought to regulate the Punishment of Crimes. V. OF PREVENTIVE POLICE. i. Of the Effects which might be expected from a well organized and vigilant Police, in restraining the Commission of Crimes. ii. Of the Effects which might be expected on the Morals of the Lower Orders from a Systematical Attention to their Instruction, and to their early Habits. VI. OF EDUCATION.* i. Of Education, considered in its relation to the objects of iii.-Of Education, considered in its relation to Intellectual The present publication, then, of the Lectures on Political Economy, as has been stated above, is taken from Mr. Stewart's older manuscripts, most of which are still extant. As the work, however, passed through the press, various deficiencies were discovered, which had not been detected on a cursory perusal of the documents,-deficiencies which, indeed, only became apparent by a careful comparison of the different Plans or Tables of Contents of the Lectures, with two sets of Notes taken in 1809, the last year in which the Course was delivered, and [Much in relation to this subject will be found in the Dissertation, Part III.,-probably transferred from these |