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EXERCISE VI.-Copy the following sentences, and insert or omit capital letters according to the Rules for Capitals.

Goldsmith's "deserted village" is a beautiful poem. The lord is a great god above all Gods. The city of london is situated on the river Thames. The hudson river was discovered by Henry hudson. the roman empire was divided into two portions at the death of theodosius the great, the empire of the West being governed by Honorius and that of the east, by arcadius. O liberty! o sound once delightful to every roman ear! epimanondas, the theban General, was remarkable for his love of Truth, he never told a lie even in Jest. o grave! where is thy victory? And god spake unto moses, and said unto him, i am the lord. Pope says, "order is heaven's first law." The "lady of the lake" was written by sir walter scott, who was also the Author of the waverley novels.

get thee back, sorrow, get thee back!
why should i weep while i am young?
i have not piped-i have not danced-
my morning Songs i have not sung..

PART II.

ETYMOLOGY.

Etymology treats of the different parts of speech, with their classes and modifications.

CHAPTER I.-THE PARTS OF SPEECH.

The Parts of Speech, or sorts of words, in English, are ten; namely, the Article, the Noun, the Adjective, the Pronoun, the Verb, the Participle, the Adverb, the Conjunction, the Preposition, and the Interjection.

1. THE ARTICLE.

An Article is the word the, an, or a, which we put before nouns to limit their signification: as, the air, the stars; an island, a ship.

2. THE NOUN.

A Noun is the name of any person, place, or thing, that can be known or mentioned: as, George, York, man, apple, truth.

3. THE ADJECTIVE.

An Adjective is a word added to a noun or pronoun, and generally expresses quality: as, A wise man; a new book.-You two are diligent.

4. THE PRONOUN.

A Pronoun is a word used in stead of a noun: as, The boy loves his book; he has long lessons, and he learns them well.

5. THE VERB.`

A Verb is a word that signifies to be, to act, or to be acted upon: as, I am, I rule, I am ruled; I love, thou lovest, he loves.

6. THE PARTICIPLE.

A Participle is a word derived from a verb, participating the properties of a verb, and of an adjective or a noun; and is generally formed by adding ing, d, or ed, to the verb: thus, from the verb rule are formed three participles, two simple and one compound; as, 1. ruling, 2. ruled, 3. having ruled.

7. THE ADVERB.

An Adverb is a word added to a verb, a participle, an adjective, or an other adverb; and generally expresses time, place, degree, or manner: as, They are now here, studying very diligently.

8. THE CONJUNCTION.

A Conjunction is a word used to connect words or sentences in construction, and to show the de

pendence of the terms so connected: as, "Thou and he are happy, because you are good."-Mur. 9. THE PREPOSITION.

A Preposition is a word used to express some relation of different things or thoughts to each other, and is generally placed before a noun or a pronoun: as, The paper lies before me on the desk.

10. THE INTERJECTION.

An Interjection is a word that is uttered merely to indicate some strong or sudden emotion of the mind: as, Oh! alas! ah! poh! pshaw!

PARSING.

Parsing is the resolving or explaining of a sentence according to the definitions and rules of grammar.

A sentence is an assemblage of words, making complete sense; as, "Beauty fades."-"Reward sweetens labor.

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EXERCISES IN PARSING.

EXERCISE I.-Point out, in the following sentences, the verb, the noun, and the article, and parse each as in the example.

EXAMPLE 1.-" The man walks."

1. Walks is the verb, because it signifies action.

2 Man is the noun, because it is the name of a person.

8. The is the article, because it limits the signification of the noun, man.

The sun shines. William reads. The fire burns. The ship sailed. John studies grammar. The boy told an untruth. The horse is a quadruped. A is an article. The flowers bloom. Ducks swim. Does the sun shine? Birds build nests. Columbus discovered America. Hawks kill chickens. Cain slew Abel. The sun ripens the fruit.

EXERCISE II.-Point out the verb, the noun, the article, th adjec tive, and the pronoun, and parse each as in the first and second examples.

EXAMPLE 2.-"An idle scholar disgraces his teacher."

4. Idle is the adjective, because it expresses the quality of scholar.
5. His is the pronoun, because it is used instead of the noun scholar.

A good boy obeys his parents. Sarah learns her lessons. History is a useful study. A disobedient boy disgraces his parents. The earth is a round body. Boys are heedless. They disregard their teachers. Wisdom is the principal thing. A noble mind scorns a mean action. Washington was a true patriot. A good book is an interesting companion. William found the money which his careless brother lost. A friend should bear a friend's infirmities. A faithful servant studies his master's interest. A cheerful temper is a great blessing.

EXERCISE III.—Distinguish the parts of speech in the following_sentences, and parse each as in the first, second, and third examples.

EXAMPLE 3.-"The good scholar attends diligently and carefully to his lessons."

6. Diligently and carefully are adverbs, because they are added to the verb attend, and express manner.

7. And is a conjunction, because it connects the adverbs diligently and carefully.

8. To is a preposition, because it expresses the relation of the verb attend to the noun lessons,

John and Peter are good scholars, James is a dishonest and idle lad. The rose is a beautiful and fragrant flower. Prosperity gains friends, and adversity tries them. William studies diligently but Charles is idle. A peach, an apple, a pear, or an orange is very delicious. The eagle has a strong and piercing eye. Candor, sincerity, and truth are amiable qualities. The horse runs swiftly. Cæsar was a very famous general. He conquered many nations, and invaded the island of Britain. Hark! the trumpet sounds. Alas! how unfortunate he is! The industrious and attentive scholar learns with great ease and rapidity. Virtuous youth gradually brings forward accomplished and flourishing manhood. Sloth enfeebles equally the body and the mental powers. If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small.

EXERCISE IV.-State what part of speech is required in each of the following sentences, fill the blanks and parse each word.

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Set the book

the

The bird flew the harbor. The fear

crime. My father has gone

return. The travelers sat

The ship sailed

a

scholars have studied

- lessons, and

when he

the least noise.

a tree. punishment

Boston,

will

fire. The

know

well.

The hare is a- timid animal. Ile runs away very

CHAPTER II.-OF ARTICLES.

An Article is the word the, an, or a, which we put before nouns to limit their signification: as, The air, the stars; an island, a ship.

An and a are one and the same article. An is used whenever the following word begins with a vowel sound; as, An art, an end, an heir, an inch, an ounce, an hour, an urn. A is used whenever the following word begins with a consonant sound; as, A man, ɑ house, a wonder, a one, a yew, a use, a ewer. Thus the sounds of w and y, even when expressed by other letters, require a and not an before them.

The articles are distinguished as the definite and the indefinite.

The definite article is the, which denotes some particular thing or things; as, The boy, the oranges.

The indefinite article is an or a, which denotes one thing of a kind, but not any particular one; as, A boy, an orange.

Obs. A common noun without an article or other word to limit Its signification, is generally taken in its widest sense; as, "A candid temper is proper for man; that is, for all mankind.”—Murray.

CHAPTER III.-OF NOUNS.

A Noun is the name of any person, place, or thing, that can be known or mentioned; as, George, York, man, apple, truth.

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