(1) The artificer kills the bull. (2) The horses preserve the umpire. (4) The sailors are killing the adulterer. (6) Boys love fields. (7) The son-in-law loves the slave's daughter. (8) Men praise boys; daughters they love. (9) The servant kills the bull with a knife. (10) The lord washes the goat with water. (11) I am killing the master's horse with the servant's knife. (12) The servant's son-in-law loves the master's daughter. (13) O servants, ye love the slave's books. (14) We praise the lords, the inhabitants of the islands. (15) The umpire preserves the master's goats. (16) The servant's wild boar kills the snake. (17) The slave's book praises the master. (18) The slave's son-in-law loves the lord's father-inlaw. CHAPTER VII. ALL the nouns ending in -us and -er which have been mentioned are of the Masculine gender. Later on we shall meet some which are Feminine. There are, however, many nouns of the Second declension which end in -um. These are all Neuter, and are declined as follows: (1) Ministri soceri templum ædificant. (2) Servus domini aprum, incolam insulæ, trucidat. (3) Pueros flagello castigamus. (4) Pueri, templa ædificatis. (5) Domini oppidum oppugnant. (6) Verna colubrum jaculo trucidat. (7) Pueri cancrum scribæ saxo trucidant. (8) Ancilla generi filiam cultro lacerat. (9) Caprum, domine, veneno trucidas. (10) Servos domini minister flagello lacerat. (11) Pueros flagellis magistri castigant. (12) Arbiter templum Liberi ædificat. (1) I chastise the slaves with a whip. (2) We kill the clerk with a javelin. (3) The boys are attacking the town with stones. (4) O slave! thou art killing the umpire with poison. (5) Poison kills snakes. (6) The boy's whip tears the goat. (7) The umpire is building a temple. (8) The house-slave is tearing the maidservant with a whip. (9) O clerks, you are building a town. (10) I chastise the father-in-law's horse with a whip. CHAPTER VIII. WE learnt in Chapter II. about Nouns-Substantive or Substantives. We now come to the other sort of nouns, i.e. Nouns-Adjective or Adjectives. About adjectives we must notice three things. Let us take the adjective 'good.' We cannot say 'I saw a good ;' we must say 'I saw a good something.' .. (1) An adjective cannot stand alone, but must always go with a substantive. Again, if we say 'Bring me a boy,' we cannot tell what boy is wanted; we want a description of the boy; but if we say 'Bring me a tall boy,' we have a description of the boy-we have an adjective (tall), which describes the boy. ... (2) Adjectives describe the substantives with which they go. Remember (3) In Latin, adjectives must be put in the same number, gender, and case as the substantive which they describe. N.B. It is true that we can say 'I am tall; he is good,' and here the pupil may fancy that the adjective does stand alone. The teacher must, however, if necessary, point out that here the adjectives 'tall' and 'good' go with 'I' and 'he,' which are in the place of substantives. We have spoken already about the Gender (Cap. II. and Cap. VI.) of Substantives. We noticed there that every substantive has a gender of its own, and that it always remains the same-e.g. a man is always Masculine, a woman is always Feminine, and no arrangement of words in a sentence can alter this. But with adjectives it is different: they have no genders of their own, but they change their ending to suit the gender of the substantive which they describe. Some adjectives have a different ending for each of the three genders, and these are all which we shall meet with as yet-e.g. the adjective bonus (good) has three different endings to suit the three different genders, as It is therefore said to be an adjective of three terminations. Bonus and all other adjectives in us, except two or three which we shall meet later, are declined as follows: N.B.-The adjective bonus must be learnt by heart by itself; the words dominus, femina, and tectum are explanatory. Here we see that if the adjective 'good' in English is used to describe a substantive which is Masculine gender, the endings of bonus change in the same way as the endings of dominus. If it describes a Feminine substantive, its endings change like femina; if a Neuter noun, its endings change like tectum. N.B.-The Substantive and Adjective, when taken together, form only one expression. |