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Accouuts are kept in imaginary money, called rupees, (either current or sicca) annas, and pice. Real specie is reduced to this currency before it is entered into books of accounts.

The cowrie is a small smooth shell, a species of cypræa, im ported from the Lacdive and Maldive islands. It is current as long as it continues entire.

A pice is equal to d. sterling nearly.

A current rupee is reckoned at 2 shillings and a sicca rupee at +2s. 6d. A lac signifies 100000.

The East India Company and European merchants keep accounts in star pagoda, rupees, fanams, and cash.

Copper coins, of 1, 5, 10, and 20 cash are struck in England, and sent to Madras for general circulation.

A cash is equal in value to d. sterling, and a star pagoda is valued at 8s. sterling.

IONIAN ISLANDS.

Accounts are kept in sterling money. Spanish doubloons are valued at 3s. 6d. sterling; Spanish dollars, at 4s. 4d.; and Venetian dollars, at 4s. 44d. sterling.

LOMBARDO-VENETO.

Accounts are kept as in Genoa, in lire Italiane, divided into centisimi; but there is in circulation the lira Austriaca, valued at 44d. sterling.

British silver money is introduced into Malta. The Spanish dollar is a legal tender, worth 4s. 4d.; the Sicilian dollar, 4s. 2d.; The Scudo de Malta, 1s. 8d. sterling.

The lowest coin is a garni, valued at d. sterling.

The lowest piece of money is a grano, worth d. sterling

The lowest coin is a pfenning, worth d. sterling. Exchange at 6 thaler 24 silber groschen per £1 sterling.

The lowest piece of money is a ree, valued at d. sterling. Exchange at 4s. 6d. per milree.

A dinar is worth 83 ̧d. sterling.

1000

A toman is worth £3. 12s. 6d. sterling.

Throughout Russia accounts are kept in bank rubles of 100

Thus, 32

There are two kinds of money in Spain, called plate and vellon. The former being to the latter as 32 to 17. reals vellon are equivalent to 17 reals plate.

The lowest piece of money is the maravedi of plate, valued at d. sterling.

Exchange at 3s. per dollar of plate.

SWITZERLAND.

The whole of that country has adopted the French system of moneys, and all accounts are now kept according to that system.

The rundstyck is worth d, sterling.

Exchange at 12 rix-dollars banco 10 skillings per £1 sterling.

The lowest piece of money, the centisimi, is worth d. sterling. Exchange at 30 lire 25 centisimi per £1 sterling.

Accounts are also kept, in some parts of the United States, and in the British possessions, in pounds, shillings, and pence, distinguished by the term currency. These pounds, in consequence of the scarcity of coins, and the use of paper money instead of them, are of much less value than the British pounds. £100 sterling+£166 American currency.

The lowest piece of money is a mill, valued at d. sterling. Exchange at 4s. 6d per dollar, or 4 dollars 60 centimes per £1 sterling.

312. All questions relating to exchange are easily solved, and it is merely necessary to consult the previous tables of foreign coinage. The following examples will show the manner of converting the currency of one country to that of another.

Ex. 1. Convert £640 into francs; the course of exchange is 25 francs 25 centimes.

Here. £125 francs 25 cents,

.. £640=640 x 25.25 francs = 16160 francs.

Ex. 2. Reduce 1840 francs 75 cents to British currency, exchange at 25 francs 35 cents.

Here we have: 25.35 francs = £1,