The manners of the gods about whom Homer wrote are very quaint, and sometimes the gods seem to act much more savagely than the men. Zeus often used to quarrel with his wife Hera. For she wished Troy to be destroyed as quickly as possible, but Zeus often protected the Trojans. Once Zeus threatened that he would hang her up and beat her, as he had done before. And another time, when they were quarrelling, the lame god Hephaestus persuaded Hera not to oppose her husband any longer, saying that no god could resist Zeus, and that once he himself, when he had tried to help her before, had been thrown out of Olympus and had fallen for a whole day till he reached the earth. X Homer therefore does not seem to have thought that the gods must be much better than men. Hector the Trojan certainly loved his wife Andromache, and treated her better than Zeus (did) Hera. And sometimes the gods were even weaker in battle than men. For they often used to come down from heaven to earth to fight for those whom they liked. They used to add strength to any hero whom they especially favoured, or aim his spear or sword so as to slay his foe; and, whenever he was in danger, they would hide him in a dense cloud. whatever they liked. But they could not always do For once Aphrodite, the goddess A SCHOOL GREEK GRAMMAR BY WILLIAM W. GOODWIN, LL.D., D.C.L. NEW AND REVISED EDITION EXTRACT FROM PREFACE. "This work is an abridgment of the author's Greek Grammar [see p. 37] and is intended for those who wish to begin the study of Greek with a small book, with the expectation of using a larger Grammar after the elements are mastered." OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. The School Board Chronicle-"A careful abridgment of the author's well-known scholarly Greek Grammar, which has been so much admired. The distinction of type used in these pages will enable any teacher to make a still more elementary Grammar of the present work, and to adapt it in this way to the wants of very young students. The classification of the subjects treated, and the clearness and brevity of the definitions and rules mark out the Grammar as one of very special merit aud usefulness, and its value is still more enhanced by the beauty and clearness of the type, and by the two indices, Greek and English, at the close of the volume." The Journal of Education—“Is sure to command the respectful attention of all teachers. We must not conclude without expressing our respect for this book as a whole, and our gratitude to its accomplished author. Any teacher and learner may safely trust himself to the guidance of Prof. Goodwin with the security that he will have very little to unlearn." § 73.] IRREGULAR COMPARISON. II. Comparison by -ιων, -ιστος. 47 § 72. 1. Some adjectives in us and pos are compared by changing these endings to των and ιστος. E.g. Ηδύς, sweet, ἡδίων, ἥδιστος. Αἰσχρός, base, αἰσχίων, αἴσχιστος. Κυδρός (poet.), glorious, κυδίων, κύδιστος. 2. Comparatives in iwv, neuter iov, are thus declined: NOTE 1. The terminations -ova, -oves, -ovas may drop v, and be contracted into -w and -ους (§ 47, Note). Notice recessive accent (§ 21, 3) in the neuter singular. NOTE 2. The irregular comparatives in wν (§ 73) are declined like ἡδίων. III. Irregular Comparison. § 73. 1. The following are the most important cases of irregular comparison : § 160.] ACCUSATIVE. Cognate Accusative (Internal Object). 163 § 159. Any verb whose meaning permits it may take an accusative of kindred signification. This accusative repeats the idea already contained in the verb, and may follow intransitive as well as transitive verbs. E.g. Ηδομαι τὰς μεγίστας ἡδονάς, I enjoy the greatest pleasures. Εὐτυ χοῦσι τοῦτο τὸ εὐτύχημα, they enjoy this good fortune. So πίπτειν Téonμa, to fall (a fall); vóσov voσeiv, to suffer under a disease; àμápтημа åμapráve, to commit an error (to sin a sin); dovλeíav dovλevel, to be subject to slavery; ypaþǹv ypáþeodai, to bring an indictment; víkŋv vɩkâv, to gain a victory. NOTE 1. A neuter adjective sometimes represents a cognate accusative, its noun being implied in the verb; as μeyáλa åμapráVEL (SC. ȧμаρτýμara), to commit great faults. NOTE 2. A transitive verb may have a cognate accusative and another object at the same time; as, γράφεσθαί τινα τὴν γραφὴν ταύτην, to bring this indictment against any one; ἠδικήσαμεν τοῦτον ovdév, we did this man no wrong. Accusative of Specification.-Adverbial Accusative. § 160, 1. The accusative of specification (or limitation) may be joined with a verb, adjective, noun, or even a sentence, to denote a part, character, or quality, to which the expression refers. E.g. Τυφλὸς εἶ τὰ ὄμματα, you are blind in your eyes; καλὸς τὸ εἶδος, beautiful in form; díkalos Tòv Tрóry, just in his character; κáμvw τηv κεφαλήν, I have a pain in my head; τὰς φρένας ὑγιαίνειν, to be sound in their minds ; διαφέρει τὴν φύσιν, he differs in nature ; ποταμὸς, Κύδνος ὄνομα, εὖρος δύο πλέθρων, a river, Cyanus by name, of two plethra in breadth ; καὶ τὰ μικρὰ πειρῶμαι ἀπὸ θεῶν ὁρμᾶσθαι, even in small matters try to begin with the Gods. 2. An accusative in certain expressions has the force of an adverb. E.g. Τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον, in this way, thus ; τὴν ταχίστην (sc. ὁδόν), in the quickest way; rv åpxýv, at first (with negative, not at all); réλos, finally; poika, as a gift, gratis; xápiv, for the sake of; dikny, in the manner of; τὸ πρῶτον οι πρῶτον, at first ; τὸ λοιπόν, for the rest; A SHORT MANUAL OF COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY FOR CLASSICAL STUDENTS BY P. GILES, M.A. FELLOW AND LECTURER OF EMMANUEL COLLEGE AND READER IN COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE μῦθος δ'. ὃς μὲν νῦν ὑγιής, εἰρημένος ἔστω SECOND EDITION REVISED London MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY All rights reserved PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION In this new edition the work, while retaining its main features unaltered, has been carefully revised. Although there are few pages where some small change has not been made, the increase in bulk is due more to wider spacing in the printing than to additional matter. The syntactical examples from Plautus are now quoted throughout from the Teubner text of Goetz and Schoell, which has been completed since the book was published in 1895; references to the Greek tragic poets are, as before, according to the numbering of the lines in Dindorf's Poetae Scenici. The natural corollary to a book like this is an etymological treatment of the vocabulary of the Greek and Latin languages, in which the principles here laid down could be applied to a greater number of examples than the limits of the present work would allow. Such a Latin Etymology I hope soon to publish, and this will be followed at no great interval by a similar treatment of Greek Etymology. Mr. In issuing the book again, I wish to offer my best thanks to the many scholars at home and abroad who have sent me suggestions or corrections and literature which would often otherwise (especially when published in Italy or Russia) have been inaccessible to me. Hertel, who translated the first edition into German, sent me a number of corrections for the index. Above all I owe much to my friends and |