265. Boards 1 inch or less in thickness are estimated by the square foot.

Thus, a board 16 feet long, 12 inches wide, and 1 inch or less in thickness would contain 16 feet. A board 16 feet long, 11 inches wide, 1 inch thick or less, would contain 11/12 of 16 feet = 142/3 feet, etc.

266. When lumber is more than 1 inch thick the thickness is taken into account, and the board foot, 1 foot square and 1 inch thick, becomes the standard by which it is estimated.

Thus, a piece of lumber 16 ft. long 12 in. wide and 11/4 in. thick would contain 16 board feet + 1/4 of 16 = 20 board feet. If 11/2 in. thick it would contain 24 board ft., if 2 in. thick it would contain 32 board feet, etc. A plank 2 inches thick is thus reckoned as two boards, cach an inch thick.

12 board feet

=

1 cubic foot.

In the measurement of the width of a board a fraction greater than a half inch is called a half, and if less than a half it is rejected.

The width of a tapering board is measured at the middle, or half the sum of

the end measurements is taken as the mean or average

width.

267. Hewn timber is sold either by board or cubic measure. 1. Find the cost of boards 16 ft. long, 1 in. thick, of different widths, as below, @ $31 per M; also their value if 18 ft.

long:

9 in.

20 in.

10 in.

7 in.

16 in.

81/2

in.

Suggestion.—If the boards were laid side by side, how many square feet would

they cover? Only one multiplication is needed.

2. How many board feet in a stick of timber 15 in. wide, 14 in. thick and 20 ft. long? How many cubic feet?

2. Twelve board feet being equal to a cubic foot, 350 board feet contain as many cubic feet as there are times 12 board feet in 350, which is 2916. Hence in 350 board feet there are 291/6 cubic feet. Ans.

3. How many board feet in 29 joists, each 28 ft. long, 16 in. wide, and 3 in. thick?

4. At $25 per M, what will be the cost of 8 inch square timbers, measuring respectively 18, 24, 22, 16, 32, and 28 feet long?

Masonry and Brick Work.

268. Masonry is commonly estimated by the perch.

A perch of masonry actually contains 24 3/4 cubic feet, its dimensions being 161/2 × 11/2 × 1 ft., but it is variously estimated in different localities, sometimes at only 16 1/2 cubic feet. It is gradually falling into disuse, and the cubic foot and yard taking its place.

1. Find how many perches of masonry in the walls of a cellar, that is 50 ft. long and 43 ft. wide, the walls being 8 ft. high and 24 in. thick, 112 cubic feet being allowed for openings.

In estimating material, corners are measured once, and allowance is made for doors and windows. In estimating labor, the corners are measured twice, and usually only 1/2 is deducted for openings.

2. How much will the bricks for a wall 45 ft. long, 7 ft. high, and 16 in. thick cost at $8.75 per M, one gate-way 4 ft. wide being deducted.

Fourteen common bricks are usually allowed to a an 8 in. wall, and 7 additional bricks for every 4 in.

foot in one face or side of increase in width. Bricks

nominally of the same style and from the same manufacturer vary in size, so that a table of exact dimensions is impracticable.

1. Find the cost of flooring the parlor, library, sitting and reception rooms with lumber @ $35 per M, making no allowance for waste the cost of laying the floor being $1.50 per square.

Note.-100 square feet of surface is called a square.

Suggestion. Find first how many feet of lumber will be needed and what it will cost, and then the cost of laying the floor at the given price per square.

2. Find the cost of flooring the dining-room with ash @ $45 per M, no allowance for waste, and the cost of laying being $2.12

per square.

3. Find the cost, @ 24 per board foot, of flooring joists, 8 in. wide, 21⁄2 in. thick, and of various lengths, as follows:

For hallway, 34 joists, 8 ft. 8 in.

66

parlor, 22

14" 8

66

"library, 15

For reception-room, 15 joists, 17 ft. "sitting-room, 22

66

Plastering.

269. The processes of calculating the cost of plastering and painting are quite simple, but the rules for the measurement of the work vary in different localities, and require experience in their application. It is held by some authorities to be an equitable rule for plain work to measure all the walls and ceilings without deducting anything for an opening of less extent than 7 superficial yards (63 □ feet).

Find the cost of plastering

1. The rooms, they being of the uniform height of 11 ft., @ 40¢ a yd. No allowance for openings.

2. What would be the cost of the same work at the same price per yd. if allowance be made for doorways and windows, their dimensions being as follows:

Doorways-Front, 5 ft. by 9 ft.; the doors between parlor and library, and between reception-room and sitting-room, each 6 ft. by 9 ft.; all others, 3 ft. by

8 ft.

Windows-Front windows, 3 ft. 4 in. by 9 ft.; all others, 3 ft. 4 in. by 7 ft. 8 in.

Painting and Kalsomining.

Find the total cost of painting

1. The base-boards of the rooms. They are 9 in. wide, and require 3 coats of paint @ 10¢ a □ yd. per coat. (Deduct width of doorways.)

In practice, surfaces less than 6 inches wide are measured as 6, and if more than 6 and less than 12 inches wide, are measured as 12. The cost of painting is here computed accordingly.

2. The doors and windows, both sides, at 55¢ a yard, the number and dimensions of which are given above.

In finding the cost of painting doors it is customary to add one edge to each side, but here the dimensions may be used as given. The cost of painting the windows may be found as if they were plain surfaces of same dimensions. This is a very common rule when there are more than two lights in the window.

3. The library and dining-room floors @ 28¢ a □ yard.

4. The outside, measuring 18 ft. by 196 ft., 2 coats, each 94 a yd., deducting doors and windows.

5. Find the cost of kalsomining the ceilings (including hall) @ 5¢ a □ yd.

Paper Hanging.

270. Wall paper is sold only by the roll, any part of a roll being counted as

a whole one.

American paper has 8 yd. in a roll, and is commonly 18 in. wide. (Foreign papers differ as to width and length of roll.) Borders are sold by the yard, and vary in width from 3 in. to 18 in. A very wide border is called a friese.

The exact cost of papering a room can be ascertained only by taking account of the number of rolls actually used in doing the work, but it is useful to be able to make an approximate estimate, which may be done as follows: Find the distance around the room, omitting all openings. Divide the number of half yards thus found by the number of entire strips that can be cut from a roll, that is, by 2, if the height from baseboard to ceiling or cornice is more than 8 and less than 12 ft., or by 3, if the height is not more than 8 ft.

When the length of the strips is such as to leave much waste in cutting a roll, a double roll (16 yd.) can often be used to better advantage, thus: If the length of a strip be 9 ft. 6 in., a single roll will make two strips with 5 ft. waste, while a double roll will make 5 strips with only 6 in. waste.

When the paper cuts with little or no waste, an additional roll or two will be required for the spaces under and over the openings.

1. Find the number of rolls of paper, 8 yards long and 18 in. wide, required for each room, all being of the uniform height of 11 ft., allowing for doors and windows according to the widths given on page 265. (Only approximations required.)

Carpeting.

271. The number of yards of carpeting needed for any given room can not always be ascertained by calculating the number of square feet or yards in the floor, for unless either the length or width of the room is a multiple of the width of the carpeting, and, furthermore, unless the carpet will match in the length required, more or less will have to be turned under or cut off at the end or side, and sometimes both.

A carpet with small figures will generally lose less in matching than one with large ones. Care should be taken to lay the carpet so as to lose as little as possible either in matching or in width.

Find the cost of carpeting

1. The parlor with Brussels carpet, 27 in. wide, @ $1.50, to be laid lengthwise, 3 in. being lost on each strip to match. If the floor is first covered with paper-lining, @ 94 per □ yard, what will be the additional cost?