Glamorganshire has but one mineral spring, i. e. at Swansea. This has an acid styptic taste like alum, though the predominant salt is a martial vitriol. It turns blue with vinegar, and will not curdle with milk. A gallon of this water yields forty grains of sediment of a brown color, which will ferment with spirit of hartshorn and oil of tartar. At Newton, north-west of the mouth of the Ogmore, is a very remarkable spring about eighteen feet in circumference, the water of which sinks at high tide nearly to the bottom, and at the ebbing of the sea it rises almost to the brim. In order to account for this phenomenon, it has been supposed that at high water the air in the veins of the spring, by its being pent up, not being at liberty to circulate, the water is prevented from issuing out; but when the sea retires from the shore, and frees these natural aqueducts from these obstructions, the water is at liberty to issue through them.

Another curiosity of this county is in a promontory near Penrice, the most westerly point of Glamorganshire, called Warmshead-point; it runs about a mile into the sea, and at half-flood the isthmus, which joins it to the main land, is overflown, so that it is rendered a small island. Near the extremity of this point is a cleft or crevice in the ground, into which if dust or sand be thrown, it will be blown back again into the air; and if a person applies his ear to the crevice, he will plainly hear a deep noise like the blowing of a large pair of bellows. These phenomena are attributed to the undulatory motion of the sea under the arched and rocky hollow of the promontory, which occasions an alternate inspiration and expiration of the air through the cleft. The roads over the mountains are excessively steep, and strewed with stones of various sizes, detached from the rocks by the winter rains. The lower road from Caerdiff through the county is good. Thence to Cowbridge and Margan the distance is divided by mile-stones. There is no where perhaps south of the Tweed a greater air of rudeness than among the inhabitants of the Glamorganshire mountains; being constantly employed in the coal, iron, and copper works, they are almost naked, excessively dirty, and even their long straight hair hanging about their tawny faces. The women outdo the men in hard labor. Their huts are like their stone fences, confusedly piled up, and locked together without cement or earth.

The various rivers rising in the northern parts of this county, expanding so as to form a middle district tolerably fit for cultivation, are well clothed with wood, terminating in the great level or vale of Glamorgan. This tract, extending along the sea-coast to eight or ten miles inland, is rich in corn and pasture, and well stored with treasures of coals, lead, iron, aud limestone. The sea-shores are delightful, having a level sand beach and romantic cliffs mostly of marle. Castles are planted thickly along the coast and in Gowerland; the former to secure the Norman,

The inhabitants of this peninsula were probably the same people, whether Flemings or English, as those who had settled in Pembrokeshire. The language from a very remote period was English, and their communication with the Welsh continues reserved and jealous. A striking resemblance exists between Gower and the hundred of Castle Martin in Pembrokeshire, in its peninsular form, its exposure, soil, climate, sea-coasts, and inhabitants. In each of these districts, the soil is chiefly upon the same kind of limestone, similar in quality and fertility, backed to the north by rich veins of coal. The buildings indeed are more neat and clean than those of Castle Martin, which exceeds Gower in the number of gentlemen's seats and well-built churches. There are more orchards and more wood in Gower. The west part of each is nearly destitute of wood. Loughor Bay is greatly inferior to Milford Haven, as a harbour, from admitting by a wider entrance a raging sea, especially during the prevalence of south-west winds. In both counties barley-bread is chiefly eaten, though they have wheat of the best quality.

The sea cliffs of both districts are grand, frequented by elegugs and some uncommon birds; and the respective coasts abound with plenty of fish, particularly oysters, lobsters, birt, turbot, and soles. The houses are more generally whitewashed in Gower. In Castle Martin there are many mud-built houses; in Gower none. The women wear whittles in both counties. In Gower most of the lands are held by that kind of copyhold tenure called Borough English. They are mostly, if not all, freeholders in Castle Martin. This county is stated to contain 422,400 acres of land, of which 305,000 are in a state of cultivation, viz. 43,000 as arable, and 262,000 in pasturage. It is divided into ten hundreds, viz. Caerphilly, Cowbridge, Danis Powis, Kibbor, Llangewelach, Miskin, Neath, Newcastle, Ogmore, and Swansea; comprising 118 parishes, one city (Landaff), one borough (Cardiff), and four other markettowns (Cowbridge, Neath, Penrice, and Swansea).

The northern and middle parts of Glamor ganshire comprise a portion of that great mineral tract which begins at Pontypool in Monmouthshire, and terminates at St. Bride's Bay in Pembrokeshire. The exterior stratum or boundary is, as we have said, a bed of limestone, within which are contained all the strata of the other minerals in the following order :-On the north side of a line, drawn from east to west through the middle of the district, all the strata rise gradually to the north, and on the south side of the same line they rise to the south till they come to the surface, except at the east end, where they rise to the eastward. In the centre of this

for secreting fluids in the human body. Hence applied to the secretions themselves when diseased; that which bears acorns or fruit like acorns, from supposed resemblance in shape to a gland.

His horse is possessed with the glanders, and like to mose in the chine.

Shakspeare. Taming of the Shrew. In the upper parts of worms are found certain white and oval glandulosities. Browne's Vulgar Errours. The beaver's bags are no testicles, or parts official unto generation, but glandulous substances that hold the nature of emunctories. Id.

Nature hath provided several glandules to separate this juice from the blood, and no less than four pair of channels to convey it into the mouth, which are Ray. called ductus salivales.

The beech is of two sorts, and numbered amongst the glandiferous trees.

Mortimer's Husbandry.

All the glands of a human body are reduced to two sorts, viz. conglobate and conglomerate. A conglobate gland is a little smooth body, wrapt up in a fine skin, by which it is separated from all the other parts, only admitting an artery and nerve to pass in, and giving way to a vein and excretory canal to come out of this sort are the glands in the brain, the labial glands, and testes. A conglomerate gland is composed of many little conglobate glands, all tied together, and wrapt up in the common tunicle or membrane.

Quincy.

The glands, which o'er the body spread, Fine complicated clues of nervous thread, Involved and twisted with the' arterial duct, The rapid motion of the blood obstruct. Such constitutions must be subject to glandulous tumours, and ruptures of the lymphaticks.

Blackmore.

Arbuthnot.

The abscess begun deep in the body of the glands, Wiseman.

GLANDS. See ANATOMY, Index. GLANDERS, a disease in the horse, so termed, probably, from the swelling with which it is usually accompanied, of the sub-maxillary glands. It consists of an altered and vitiated action of the vessels which, in a state of health, secrete the mucus covering the pituitary membrane, or that membrane which lines the cavity of the nostrils.

The marks of glanders are a discharge of purulent matter from ulcers situated in one or both nostrils, more often from the left than the right. This discharge soon becomes glairy, thick, and white-of-egg-like: it afterwards shows bloody streaks, and is fœtid. The glands of the jaw of the affected side, called the kernels, swell from an absorption of the virus or poison, and as they exist or do not exist, or as they adhere to the bone or are detached from it, so some prognosis is vainly attempted by farriers, with regard to the disease; for in some few cases these glands are not at all affected, and in a great many they are not bound down by the affection to the jaw. As there are many diseases which excite a secretion of matter from the nose, and which is kept up a considerable time; so it is not always easy to detect glanders in its early stages. Strangles and violent colds keep up a discharge from the nostrils for weeks sometimes. In such cases a criterion may be drawn from the existence of ulceration within the nose, whenever the disease has

become confirmed. These glanderous chancres are to be seen on opening the nostril a little way up the cavity, sometimes immediately opposed to the opening of the nostril; but a solitary chancre should not determine the judgment. The health often continues good, and sometimes the condition also, until hectic takes place from absorption, and the lungs participate, when death soon closes the scene.

The glanders is the opprobrium medicorum, for hitherto no attempts have succeeded in the cure of more than a few cases. By some peculiar anomaly in the constitution of the horse, although conclusive proofs are not wanting that this and farcy are modifications of one disease, and can each generate the other; yet the one is incurable, while the other is cured every day. When glanders has been cured, the time and labor necessary to accomplish the end has swallowed up the value of the horse; and has also, in many supposed instances of cure, left the animal liable to future attacks which have occurred. The experiments on glanders, pursued at the Veterinary College and by White of Exeter, have thrown great light on the disease itself, its causes, connexions, and consequences; but have done little more. From these we are led to conclude that glanders will produce farcy, and that farcy can produce glanders; that glanders is highly infectious, and that such infection may be received by the stomach, or by the skin when it is at all abraded or sore: and it is also probable that it is received by the noses of horses being rubbed against each other. White's experiments go to prove that the air of a glandered stable is not infectious; but this matter is by no means certain, and should not be depended on without a greater body of evidence.

The cure, it has already been stated, is so uncertain that it is hardly worth the attempt; however, when the extreme value of the horse or the love of experiment leads to it, it may be regarded as fixed by experience, that nothing but a long course of internal remedies, drawn from the mineral acids, can effect it. These have all been tried in their endless variety. White recommends the mildest preparations of mercury, as æthiops mineral; under the conviction that the more acrid preparations disturb the powers of the constitution so much, as to destroy as effectually as the disease. At the Veterinary College the sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) has been long in use. Others have used the sulphates of iron and zinc. Clark recommends the daily administration of a drink or ball, composed of the following ingredients: sulphate of zinc fifteen grains, powdered cantharides seven grains, powered allspice fifteen grains; of which he gives one or two extraordinary proofs of utility. All glandered horses in the army are ordered to be shot.

GLANDEVES, a town of France, in the department of the Lower Alps, formerly flourishing but now almost deserted, on account of the overflowing of the Var.

GLANDORE, a town of Ireland, in Cork, with an excellent harbour, three miles west o Ross, and six west of Galley Head. Between this harbour and Ross, the coast is high and bold with only two small coves: viz. Mellcove on the

east and Cowcove on the west. Near the harbour is a castle; and on the upper end a deep and dangerous glen, called the Leap. Long. 8° 56′ W., lat. 51° 22′ N.

GLANDORP (Matthias), M. D, a learned physician, born in 1595, at Cologne, in which town his father was a surgeon. After taking his degree at Padua, and visiting the principal towns of Italy, he settled at Bremen in 1618, where he practised physic and surgery with success, and was made physician to the republic and to the archbishop. He published at Bremen, 1. Speculum chirurgorum, in 1619. 2. Methodus medendæ paronychiæ, in 1623. 3. Tractatus de polypo narium affectu gravissimo, in 1628; and, 4. Gazophylacium polypusium fonticulorum et Setonium reseratum, in 1633; which were republished, with his life prefixed, at London, in 4to. 1729. He died young.

GLANDULE RENALES. See ANATOMY. GLANVIL (Joseph), a learned and ingenious, but fanciful and credulous writer in the seventeenth century, born at Plymouth in 1636, and bred at Oxford. He was a great admirer of Mr. Baxter, and zealous for a commonwealth. After the Restoration, he published The Vanity of Dogmatizing; was chosen F. R. S. and, taking orders in 1662, was presented to the vicarage of FromeSelwood in Somersetshire. In 1662 he published his Lux Orientalis; in 1665 his Scepsis Scientifica; and in 1666 Some philosophical considerations touching the being of witches and witchcraft. In 1668 he published Plus ultra; or, the progress and advancement of knowledge since the days of Aristotle. He likewise published, A seasonable recommendation and defence of reason; and Philosophia Pia, or A discourse of the religious temper and tendencies of the experimental philosophy. In 1678 he was made a prebendary of Worcester, and died in 1680.

GLANVILLE (Bartholomew), an English botanical author of the fourteenth century, commonly called Bartholomæus Anglus. He was a Franciscan friar, descended of the noble family of Suffolk, and flourished in the reign of Edward III. He wrote a book on natural history, entitled De Proprietatibus Rerum; which was translated into English by John de Trevisa, in

1398.

GLARE, v. n., v. a. & n. s. ́ Dut. glaren; GLA'REOUS, adj. French glaireur; GLAR'ING, adj. Latin glareosus. To shine with intense splendor: a piercing overpowering look; any thing transparent, as the white of an egg; notorious as a glaring crime. Thou hast no speculation in those eyes, Which thou dost glare with. Shakspeare. Macbeth.

Look, how pale he glares. Id. Hamlet. After great light, if you come suddenly into the dark, or, contrariwise, out of the dark into a glaring light, the eye is dazzled for a time, and the sight confused. Bacon.

His glaring eyes with anger's venom swell, And like the brand of foul Alecto flame. Fairfax. About them round,

A lion now he stalks with fiery glare.

Milton.

He is every where above conceits of epigrammatick wit, and gross hyperboles : he maintains majesty in the midst of plainness; he shines, but glares not; and is stately without ambition. Dryden.

The court of Cacus stands revealed to sight; Id. The cavern glares with new admitted light. Beholds this man in a false glaring light, Which conquest and success have thrown upon him. Addison.

I have grieved to see a person of quality gliding by me in her chair at two o'clock in the morning, and

looking like a spectre amidst a glare of flambeaux.

Id. Guardian.

Maidens, like moths, are ever caught by glare, And Mammon makes his way where seraphs might despair. Byron.

GLARIS, or GLARUS, a Protestant canton of Switzerland, bounded by those of St. Gall, the Grisons, Uri, and Schweitz, and having a super ficial extent of about 400 square miles. The aspect of the country is not attractive; a large proportion of the surface being occupied by rocks, inaccessible forests, barren heaths, or lofty mountains: its wealth is in pasture, sheep, goats, and cattle.

The canton properly consists of one great valley, and three lateral ones, enclosed by mountains on all sides except the north-east. In the valleys, the climate is warm and pleasant, but the soil is stony throughout, and little adapted to agriculture. The principal river is the Linth, from the banks of which the great valley extends in the form of an amphitheatre of fine meadows terminated by rocks and mountains covered with snow. This gives the country, on entering it from the north, a very picturesque appearance. The principal lakes are those of Wallenstadt and Clonthal. The only mineral production of importance is slate; but rock crystal, marble, gypsum, spar, and different petrifactions, are found in all parts of the country; and large quantities of cheese are annually exported. Merino sheep were lately introduced here, and the quality of the wool has thus been much im