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ecliptic, tropics, polar circles, horizon, and brazen meridian, are exactly alike on both globes, the former problems concerning the sun are solved in the same way. The method also of rectifying the globe is the same. Observe also that the sun's place for any day of the year stands directly over that day on the horizon of the celestial globe, as on the terrestrial,

The latitude and longitude of the stars, and of all other celestial phenomena, are reckoned differently from that of places on the earth for all terrestrial latitudes are reckoned from the equator; and longitudes from the meridian of some remarkable place; but all astronomers reckon the latitudes of the heavenly bodies from the ecliptic; and their longitudes from the equinoctial colure, in that semicircle of it which cuts the ecliptic at the beginning of Aries; and thence eastward, quite round; so that stars between the equinoctial and the northern half of the ecliptic, have north declination and south latitude: those between the equinoctial and the southern half of the ecliptic have south declination and north latitude; and all between the tropics and poles, have declinations and latitudes of the same denomination.

There are six great circles on the celestial globe, which cut the ecliptic perpendicularly, and meet in two opposite points in the polar circles; which points are each ninety degrees from the ecliptic, and are called its poles. These polar points divide those circles into twelve semicircles, which cut the ecliptic at the beginning of the twelve signs. They resemble so many meridians on the terrestrial globe; and, as all places which lie under any particular meridian semicircle on that globe have the same longitude, so all those points of the heaven through which any of the above semicircles are drawn have the same longitude. And, as the greatest latitudes on the earth are at the north and south poles of the earth, so the greatest latitudes in the heaven are at the north and south poles of the ecliptic.

For the division of the stars into constellations, &c., see ASTRONOMY.

PROB. I. To find the right ascension and declination of the sun or any fixed star.-Bring the sun's place in the ecliptic to the brazen meridian: then that degree in the equinoctial which is cut by the meridian is the sun's right ascension; and that degree of the meridian which is over the sun's place is his declination. Bring any fixed star to the meridian, and its right ascension will be cut by the meridian in the equinoctial; and the degree of the meridian that stands over it is its declination.

So that right ascension and declination, on the celestial globe, are found in the same manner as longitude and latitude on the terrestrial.

PROB. II. To find the latitude and longitude of any star.-If the given star be on the north side of the ecliptic, place the ninetieth degree of the quadrant of altitude on the north pole of the ecliptic, where the twelve semicircles meet, which divide the ecliptic into the twelve signs; but if the star be on the south side of the ecliptic, place the ninetieth degree of the quadrant on the south pole of the ecliptic. Keeping the

ninetieth degree of the quadrant on the proper pole, turn the quadrant about, until its graduated edge cuts the star; then the number of degrees in the quadrant between the ecliptic and the star, is its latitude; and the degree of the ecliptic cut by the quadrant, is the star's longitude, reckoned according to the sign in which the quadrant then is.

PROB. III. To represent the face of the starry firmament, as seen from any given place of the earth, at any hour of the night.-Rectify the celestial globe for the given latitude, the zenith, and sun's place in every respect, as taught by the sixteenth problem for the terrestrial; and turn it about, until the index points to the given hour; then the upper hemisphere of the globe will represent the visible half of the heaven for that time; all the stars upon the globe being then in such situations as exactly correspond to those in the heaven. And, if the globe be placed duly north and south, every star in the globe will point toward the like star in the heaven: by which means the constellations and remarkable stars may be easily known; all those stars under the upper part of the brazen meridian, between the south point of the horizon and the north pole, are at their greatest altitude, if the latitude of the place be north; but if the latitude be south those stars which lie under the upper part of the meridian, between the north point of the horizon and the south pole, are at their greatest altitude.

PROB. IV. The latitude of the place, and day of the month, being given; to find the time when any known star will rise, or be upon the meridian, or set. Having rectified the globe, turn it about until the given star comes to the eastern side of the horizon, and the index will show the time of the star's rising; then turn the globe westward, and, when the star comes to the brazen meridian, the index will show the time of the star's coming to the meridian of your place; lastly, turn on, until the star comes to the western side of the horizon, and the index will show the time of the star's setting. N. B. In northern latitudes, those stars which are less distant from the north pole than the quantity of its elevation above the north point of the horizon never set; and those which are less distant from the south pole than the number of degrees by which it is depressed below the horizon never rise; and vice versâ in southern latitudes.

PROB. V. To find at what time of the year a given star will be upon the meridian at a given hour of the night.-Bring the given star to the upper semicircle of the brass meridian, and set the index to the given hour; then turn the globe, until the index points to twelve at noon, and the upper semicircle of the meridian will then cut the sun's place, answering to the day of the year sought; which day may be easily found against the like place of the sun among the signs on the wooden horizon.

PROB. VI. The latitude, day of the month, and azimuth of any known star being given; to find the hour of the night.-Having rectified the globe for the latitude, zenith, and sun's place, lay the quadrant of altitude to the given degree of azimuth in the horizon: then turn the globe on

its axis, until the star comes to the graduated edge of the quadrant; and when it does, the index will point out the hour of the night. PROB. VII. The latitude of the place, the day of the month, and altitude of any known star, being given; to find the hour of the night.-Rectify the globe as in the former problem, guess at the hour of the night, and turn the globe until the index points at the supposed hour; then lay the graduated edge of the quadrant of altitude over the known star; and, if the degree of the star's height in the quadrant upon the globe answers exactly to the degree of the star's observed altitude in the heaven, you have guessed exactly but if the star on the globe is higher or lower than it was observed to be in the heaven, turn the globe backwards or forwards, keeping the edge of the quadrant upon the star, until its centre comes to the observed altitude in the quadrant; and then the index will show the true time of night.

PROB. VIII. An easy method for finding the hour of the night by any two known stars, without knowing either their altitude or azimuth; and then of finding both their altitude and azimuth, and thereby the true meridian.-Tie one end of a thread to a common musket bullet; and, having rectified the globe as above, hold the other end of the thread in your hand, and carry it slowly round betwixt your eye and the starry heaven, until you find it cuts any two known stars at once. Then, guessing at the hour of the night, turn the globe until the index points to that time in the hour circle; which done, lay the graduated edge of the quadrant over any one of these two stars on the globe which the thread cut in the heaven. If the said edge of the quadrant cuts the other star also, you have guessed the time exactly; but if it does not, turn the globe slowly backwards or forwards, until the quadrant (kept upon either star) cuts them both through their centres: and then the index will point out the exact time of the night; the degree of the horizon cut by the quadrant will be the true azimuth of both these stars from the south; and the stars themselves will cut their true altitudes in the quadrant: at which moment, if a common azimuth compass be so set upon a floor or level pavement, that these stars in heaven may have the same bearing upon it (allowing for the variation of the needle) as the quadrant of altitude has in the wooden horizon of the globe, a thread extended over the north and south points of that compass will be directly in the plane of the meridian; and if a line be drawn upon the floor or pavement, along the course of the thread, and an upright wire be placed in the southmost end of the line, the shadow of the wire will fall upon that line when the sun is on the meridian, and shines upon the pavement.

PROB. IX. To find the place of the moon, or of any planet; and thereby to show the time of its rising, southing, and setting.-Seek in an almanack or Ephemeris the geocentric place of the moon or planet in the ecliptic, for the given day of the month; and according to its longitude and latitude, as shown by the ephemeris, mark the same with chalk upon the globe. Then, having rectified the globe, turn it round its axis

westward; and as the said mark comes to the eastern side of the horizon, to the brazen meridian, and to the western side of the horizon, the index will show at what time the planet rises, comes to the meridian, and sets, in the same manner as it would do for a fixed star.

For an explanation of the harvest moons by a globe, and the equation of time. See ASTRONOMY, Index.

GLOBE AMARANTH. See GOMPHRENA.
GLOBE ANIMALCULE. See ANIMALCULE.
GLOBE DAISY. See SPHÆRANTHUS.
GLOBE FISH. See OSTRACION.
GLOBE FLOWER. See SPHÆRANTHUS.
GLOBE RANUNCULUS. See TROLLIUS.

GLOBE THISTLE. See ECHINOPS. GLOBULARIA, globular blue daisy, a genus of the monogynia order, and tetrandria class of plants: natural order forty-eighth, aggregatæ : CAL. common imbricated; proper tubulated inferior; the upper lip of the florets bipartite, the under one tripartite; the receptacle paleaceous. There are several species; but only one is commonly to be met with in our gardens, viz. the

G. vulgaris, or common blue daisy. It has broad thick radical leaves three-parted at the ends, upright stalks from about six to ten or twelve inches high, garnished with spear-shaped leaves, and the top crowned by a globular head of fine blue flowers composed of many florets in one cup. It flowers in June, and makes a good appearance: but thrives best in a moist shady situation. It is propagated by parting the roots in September.

GLOCKNER, one of the highest mountains in Europe, on the confines of Salzburg, the Tyrol, and Carinthia, is computed to be 12,760 feet above the level of the sea. It stands in long. 12° 51′ 40′′ E., lat. 47° 4′ 33′′ N.

GLOGAU, a large district or principality of Silesia, contiguous to Prussian Poland, and Lusatia. Its territorial extent is 1826 square miles, and the Oder traverses its whole extent; which is also watered by the Bober. The soil is clayey; producing corn and flax, and a small quantity of wine. This principality is now included in the Prussian government of Liegnitz.

GLOGAU, or GNOSS GLOGAU, in Silesia, the chief place of the foregoing principality, is well built and strongly fortified. It is situated about a mile from the Oder, and contains an elegant garrison church, erected in 1790, a Lutheran church and school, a synagogue, a Catholic academy, and two hospitals. The cathedral stands on au island formed by the Oder: it was built in 1260. Glogau has cotton and tobacco manufactures, and some considerable breweries. It was taken by the Prussians and its works greatly strengthened in 1741. In 1807 it surrendered to the forces of Bavaria and Wirtemberg, and was for a considerable time garrisoned by the French troops: the inhabitants amount to 9000, of whom 2000 are said to be Jews. Thirty-four miles east of Sagan, and sixty north-west of Breslau.

GLOGAU, LITTLE or UPPER, is a town of Silesia, in the government of Oppeln, inhabitants 2200. Twenty-one miles south of Oppeln, and sixty-seven south-east of Breslau.

Lat. glomero, glomeratio, glomerosus. To gather into a ball

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GLOMERATE, v. a. GLOMERA'TION, n. s. GLOM'EROUS, adj. or sphere; a filamentous substance gathered into a ball is said to be glomerated, but discontinuous particles are conglobated. Thus in the human body on this principle the glands are divided into conglobate and conglomerate.

The rainbow consisteth of a glomeration of small drops, which cannot fall but from the air that is very low. Bacon.

GLOMME, the largest river of Norway, rises in the lake of Stor Scargen, passing by Tonset, and Kongswinger, and falls into the Cattegat at Frederickstadt. It contains several cataracts, the largest of which is at Halsland; and, when swelled by the snows and heavy rain, flows with great vigor and rapidity. In 1702 it burst its banks and devastated a large extent of country. GLOOM, n. s. & v. a.) GLOOM'ILY, adv. GLOOM'INESS, n. s. GLOOM'Y, adj.

:

Sax. glomang, twilight. Defect of light; heaviness or obscurity applied to the mind it is a disposition the reverse of ease and happiness; a mind tinctured with melancholy feelings and forebodings of evil; prospects which present but little of light or hope; a state opposed equally to light or cheerful

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something dazzling and diffused or shed

abroad, as radii from a centre; applied figuratively to language, to acts, to states, especially the heavenly; as praise, illustrious achievements, exaltation, splendor, &c.; also boastful, ostentatious. The original idea is splendid, dazzling light. This word in a religious sense signifies adoration and praise, given to God.

If I glorifye my silf, my glorie is naught my fadir is that glorifieth me, whom ye seyen that he is youre God. Wiclif. Jon. ix. 1. Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterwards receive me into thy glory.

Psalm lxxiii. 24. Luke ii. 14.

Glory to God in the highest. If God be glorified in him, God shall also glorify him in himself, and shall straitway glorify him.

John xiii. 32.

Whom he justified, them he also glorified.

Rom. viii. 30.

I shuld have deyd, ye longe time agon:
But Jusu Crist, as ye in bookes finde,
Wol that his glory last and be in minde;
And for the worship of his moder dere
Yet may I sing O Alma loude and clere.

Chaucer. The Prioresses Tale.
No chymist yet the elixir got
But glorifies his pregnant pot,
If by the way to him befall,

Some odoriferous thing, or medicinal.

In her the richesse of all heavenly grace, In chiefe degree, are heaped up on hye, And all that else this worlds' enclosure bace Hath great or glorious in mortali eye, Adornes the person of her maiestye.

Donne.

Spenser. Faerie Queene. Whomsoever they find to be most licentious of life, desperate in all parts of disobedience and rebellious disposition, him they set up and glorify. Spenser.

This form and manner of glorifying God was not at that time first begun; but received long before, and alledged at that time as an argument for the truth. Hooker.

They were wont, in the pride of their own proceedings, to glory, that whereas Luther did but blow away the roof, and Zuinglius batter but the walls of popish superstition, the last and hardest work of all remained, which was to raze up the very ground and foundation of popery. Id. God is glorified when such his excellency, above all Id. things, is with due admiration acknowledged. Let them look they glory not in mischief, Nor build their evils on the graves of great men ; For then my guiltless blood must cry against them. Shakspeare.

Two such silver currents, when they join, Do glorify the banks that bound them in. Id. Glorious followers, who make themselves as trumpets of the commendation of those they follow, taint business for want of secrecy. Bacon.

And with that word and warning soon was dight, Each soldier longing for near coming glory.

Fairfax.

No place alters the condition of nature: an angel is glorious, though he be upon earth; and man is but earth though he be above the clouds. Bp. Hall.

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It is not a converting but a crowning grace; such an one as irradiates, and puts a circle of glory about the head of him upon whom it descends.

South.

Aristotle says, that should a man under ground converse with works of art, and be afterwards brought up

in the open day, and see the several glories of the heaven and earth, he would pronounce them the works of God. Addison's Spectator.

Thou hast seen mount Atlas,
While storms and tempests thunder on its brow,
And oceans break their billows at its feet,
It stands unmoved, and glories in its height.
Id. Cato.

Let us remember we are Cato's friends,
And act like men who claim that glorious title.

This title of Freeholder is what I most glory in, and what most effectually calls to my mind the happiness of that government under which I live.

Addison's Freeholder. Impartial justice holds her equal scales, Till stronger virtue does the weight incline; If over thee thy glorious foe prevails; He now defends the cause that once was thine.

Prior.

Take but the humblest lily of the field, And, if our pride will to our reason yield, It must by sure comparison be shown That in the regal seat great David's son, Arrayed in all his robes and types of power, Shines with less glory than that simple flower. Id. A smile plays with a surprising agreeableness in the eye, breaks out with the brightest distinction, and sits like a glory upon the countenance. Collier of the Aspect. If others may glory in their birth, why may not we, whose parents were called by God to attend on him at his altar? Atterbury. Now sleeping flocks on their soft fleeces lie; The moon, serene in glory, mounts the sky. Pope. From opening skies may streaming glories shine, And saints embrace thee with a love like mine. Id. Glorious ambition! Peter, swell thy store, And be what Rome's great Didius was before. Id. Great wits sometimes may gloriously offend, And rise to faults true criticks dare not mend. Id. It is hardly possible for you to beseech and intreat God to make any one happy in the highest enjoyments of his glory to all eternity, and yet be troubled to see him enjoy the much smaller gifts of God, in this short and low state of human life. Law.

If there be nothing so glorious as doing good, if there is nothing that makes us so like to God, then nothing can be so glorious in the use of our money, as to use it all in works of love and goodness. Id.

No one is out of the reach of misfortune; no one therefore should glory in his prosperity. Clarissa.

Id.

On death-beds some in conscious glory lie,
Since of the doctor in the mode they die. Young.
Your sexes glory 'tis to shine unknown,
Of all applause be fondest of your own.
Oh Love! O Glory! what are ye? who fly
Around us ever rarely to alight;
There's not a meteor in the polar sky
Of such transcendant and more fleeting flight.

Byron. GLORIOSA, superb lily, a genus of the monogynia order, and hexandria class of plants; natural order eleventh, sarmentaceæ: coR. hexapetalous, undulated, and reflected; the style oblique. There is but one species; a native of Malabar. It has a thick, fleshy, tuberous root, sending forth from its centre declinated round stalks, growing eight or ten feet long, and garnished with very long narrow leaves running out into a point, terminated by a long tendril. From the upper part of the stalks proceed large flamecolored drooping flowers, consisting of six widely spreading reflected petals. It flowers in June and July; and is of admirable beauty, whence This plant requires the protection of a hot-house in this country. The flower-stalks shoot forth in March or April; which, being long and trailing, must have tall sticks for their support. The plants are propagated by offsets, which are produced in tolerable plenty, and may be separated any time after the stalks decay, or in spring before new ones arise.

its name.

GLOSE, v. a. To flatter; to collogue.-Han

mer.

See GLOZE.
GLOSS, n. s., v. a. & v.n.
GLOSSARY, n. s.

GLOSS'ATER, n. s.
GLOSS'ER, n. s.
GLOSS'INESS, n. s.
GLOSSOG'RAPHER, N. S.
GLOSSOG'RAPHY, N, S.
GLOSS'Y, adj.

Fr. glosser; Lat. glossarius; Gr. Awoσα and γράφω. These words are connected with glaze, and signify to render the

outward surface shining by friction. In a figurative sense, to give the best appearance by way of comment; used sometimes in a bad sense, and then they imply false, or specious coloring. A commentary; embellishment; a dictionary which explains antique words: a commentator, or one who furnishes expositions, whether specious or otherwise: a smooth polished surface.

I have this day ben at your chirche at messe,
And said a sermon, to my simple wit,
Not all after the text of holy writ;
For it is hard to you as I suppose;
And therefore wol I teche you, ay the glose.
Glosing is a full glorious thing certain;
For letter sleth, so as we clerkes sain.

Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale.
His iron coat all over-grown with rust,
Was underneath enveloped with gold,
Whose glistering gloss darkened with filthy dust
Spenser.
Is this the paradise, in description whereof so much
glossing and deceiving eloquence hath been spent?

Hooker's Sermons.

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Philips.

It was the colour of devotion, giving a lustre to South. reverence, and a gloss to humility.

The reason why the assertion of a single judge does not prove the existence of judicial acts, is because his office is to pronounce judgment, and not to become an evidence: but why may not the same be said of two judges? Therefore, in this respect, the glossator's opinion must be false. Ayliffe.

Groves, fields, and meadows, are at any season pleasant to look upon; but never so much as in the opening of the Spring, when they are all new and fresh, with their first gloss upon them. Addison's Spectator.

Her equals first observed her growing zeal, And laughing glossed, that Abra served so well.

Prior.

Explaining the text in short glosses, was Accursius's method. Baker on Learning. I could add another word to the glossary. Baker. Indentures, covenants, articles, they draw, Large as the fields themselves, and larger far Than civil codes with all their glosses are. Ah! what avails his glossy varying dyes, His purple crest, and scarlet-circled eyes, The vivid green his shining plumes unfold, His painted wings, and breast that flames with gold? Id.

To me more dear, congenial to my heart One native charm, than all the gloss of art.

Pope.

Goldsmith.

Thy boastful mirth let jealous rivals spill, Insult thy crest, and glossy pinions sear, And ever in thy dreams the ruthless foe appear. Beattie.

GLOSSOPETRA, or GLOTTOPETRA, from yawooa, a tongue, and Terpa, a stone, in natural history, a kind of extraneous fossil, somewhat in form of a serpent's tongue; frequently found in the island of Malta and various other parts. The vulgar notion is, that they are the tongues of serpents petrified. Hence their extraordinary virtue in curing the bites of serpents. general opinion of naturalists is, that they are the teeth of fishes, left at land by the waters of the deluge, and since petrified. The several sizes

S

The

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