2 VCIS 4to. His last undertaking was, preparing for the press Letters on Literature and Taste, published after his death, which took place at Westham, March 12th, 1808, in the fifty-fourth year of his age.

GREGORY (James), M.D. F.R.S., professor of physic in the university of Edinburgh, was born at Aberdeen in 1753. He was the author of various works on scientific subjects, and connected with his profession, and among them A dissertation De Morbis Cali Mutatione Medendis, 8vo. 1774; Conspectus Medicinæ Theoreticæ, 1780, 2 vols. 8vo., which went through four editions; Philosophical and Literary Essays, 1792, 2 vols. 8vo; Memorial presented to the Managers of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 4to., 1800; Cullen's First Lines of the Practice of Physic, with Notes, 2 vols. 8vo. This latter work went through seven editions. He also published a paper in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, on the Theory of the Moods of Verbs. Dr. Gregory died April 2nd, 1821.

GREGORY, CAPE, a high rocky bluff, on the north-west coast of North America, nearly perpendicular. Captain Vancouver places this cape in lat. 43° 23′ N., long. 235° 50′ E.; captain Cook in lat. 43° 30′ N., long, 235° 57′ E.

GREIFSWALDE, a fortified town in Prussian Pomerania, on the Rick, and having a harbour at the influx of the river into the Baltic. Here are manufactures of tobacco and salt; also some maritime trade. Population 3800. The town is the seat of a university, founded as far back as 1456, but long fallen into decay: some new buildings were erected in 1750, but the number of students continues very small. The library belonging to it contains a number of MSS. on the history of Pomerania. Fifteen miles south-east of Stralsund.

GREIG (Samuel Carlowitz), an eminent naval officer in the Russian service, born at Inverkeithing in Fifeshire. While in the navy of Great Britain, he distinguished himself at the defeat of Conflans by admiral Hawke, the taking of the Havannah, and several other engagements in that successful war. After the peace of 1763 he entered into the Russian service; and there, at the battle of Chio, contributed principally, by his advice and exertions, to the destruction of the whole Turkish fleet. Sensible of his great professional merit, her imperial majesty promoted him, though a foreigner, to the chief command of the Russian navy, which he raised to a degree of respectability and importance it never before had attained In reward of his great services, the empress bestowed on him many honorable marks of distinction, and an estate in Livonia, which his family now enjoy. In the last war between the Russians and Turks, which last were joined by the Swedes, he, in the Baltic, defeated the Swedish fleet; and had not a part of his squadron, through cowardice, refused to come into action, he probably had captured or sunk the whole of them. Soon after this he was seized with a fever, and died at Revel, on the 26th of October, 1788.

GREMIAL, ad. Lat, gremium. Pertaining to the lap.

GRENADA, one of the Caribbee islands, the last of the Windward Caribbees, lies thirty leagues north of New Andalusia, on the continent. According to some, it is twenty-four leagues in compass; according to others only twenty-two. It is twenty-eight miles long, and in some places fifteen broad. The chief port, formerly called Louis, now St. George's, stands on the west side of the island, in the middle of a large bay, with a sandy bottom. It is said that 1000 barks, from 300 to 400 tons, may ride secure from storms; and that 100 ships, of 1000 tons each, may be moored in the harbour. A large round basin, which is parted from it by a bank of sand, would contain a considerable number of ships, if the bank were cut through. The island abounds with game, fish, and very fine timber. A lake on a high mountain, about the middle of the island, supplies it with streams of fresh water. Several bays and harbours lie round the island, some of which might be fortified to great advantage; so that it is very convenient for shipping, not being subject to hurricanes. The soil is capable of producing tobacco, sugar, indigo, peas, and millet. On the west side it is a rich black mould, or a substratum of yellow clay. To the south the land is in general poor, and of a reddish hue, and the same extends over a considerable part of the interior country. On the whole, however, it appears to be fertile in a high degree, and by the variety, as well as excellence of its returns, seems adapted to every tropical production. Indigo, sugar, tobacco, coffee, cocoa, and cotton, thrive well in it. The rivers abound in eels, trout, and various other fish. In the woods are found in great numbers partridges, pigeons, thrushes, parrots, &c. Grenada contains about 80,000 acres of land; but the quantity actually cultivated has never exceeded 50,000. It is divided into six parishes, St. George, St. David, St. Andrew, St. Patrick, St. Mark, and St. John, and its chief dependency, Cariacou, forms a seventh parish. The other towns of Grenada, besides St. Georges, are, probably speaking, inconsiderable villages or hamlets, which are generally situated at the bays and shipping places in the several out-parishes.

In 1638 M. Poincy, a Frenchman, attempted to make a settlement in Grenada; but was driven off by the Caribbeans, who resorted to this island in greater numbers than to the neighbouring ones. In 1650 M. Parquet, governor of Martinico, carried over from that island 200 meu, furnished with presents to reconcile the savages, and with arms to subdue them in case they should prove intractable. The savages are said to have been frightened into submission by the number of the Frenchmen: but, according to some French writers, the chief not only welcomed the new-comers, but, in consideration of some knives, hatchets, scissars, and other toys, yielded to Parquet the sovereignty of the island, reserving to themselves their own habitations. The abbé Raynal informs us, that these first French colonists, imagining they had purchased the island by these trifles, assumed the sovereignty, and soon acted as tyrants. The Caribs, unable to contend with them by force, took their usua.

method of murdering all those whom they found in a defenceless state. This produced a war; and the French settlers, having received a reinforcement of 300 men from Martinico, forced the savages to retire to a mountain; whence, after exhausting all their arrows, they rolled down great logs of wood on their enemies. Here they were joined by other savages from the neighbouring islands, and again attacked the French, but were defeated anew; and were at last driven to such desperation, that forty of them, who had escaped from the slaughter, jumped from a precipice into the sea, where they all perished, rather than fall into the hands of their enemies. From thence the rock was called le Morne des Sauteurs, or the hill of the leapers; which name it still retains. The French then destroyed the habitations and all the provisions of the savages; but, fresh supplies of Caribbeans arriving, the war was renewed with great vigor, and great numbers of the French were killed. Upon this they resolved totally to exterminate the natives; and, having accordingly attacked the savages unawares, they inhumanly put to death the women and children, as well as the men; burning all their boats and canoes, to cut off all communication between the few survivors and the neighbouring islands. Notwithstanding all these barbarous precautions, however, the Caribbeeans proved the irreconcilable enemies of the French; and their frequent insurrections at last obliged Parquet to sell all his property in the island to the Count de Cerrillac in 1657. The new proprietor, who purchased Parquet's property for 30,000 crowns, sent thi ther a person of brutal manners to govern the island. He behaved with such insupportable tyranny, that most of the colonists retired to Martinico; and the few who remained condemned him to death after a formal trial. In the whole court of justice that tried this miscreant, there was only one man (called Archangeli) who could write. A farrier was the person who impeached: and he, instead of the signatures, sealed with a horse-shoe; and Archangeli, who performed the office of clerk, wrote round it these words in French, Mark of M. de la Brie, counsel for the court.' It was apprehended that the court of France would not ratify a sentence passed with such unusual formalities; and therefore most of the judges of the governor's crimes, and witnesses of his execution, disappeared. Only those remained whose obscurity screened them from the pursuit of the laws. By an estimate, taken in 1700, there were at Grenada no more than 251 white people, fifty-three free savages or mulattoes, and 525 slaves. The useful animals were reduced to sixty-four horses and 569 horned cattle. The whole culture consisted of three plantations of sugar and fifty-two of indigo. The island had been sold in 1664 to the French West India Company for 100,000 livres. This unfavorable state of affairs was changed in 1714, owing to the flourishing condition of Martinico. The richest ships from that island were sent to the Spanish coasts, and in their way touched at Grenada to take in refreshments. The privateering traders, who undertook this navigation, taught

Gre

the people of that island the value of their soil, which only required cultivation. Some traders furnished the inhabitants with slaves and utensils to erect sugar plantations. An open account was established between the two colonies. nada was clearing its debts gradually by its rich produce, and the balance was on the point of being closed, when the war in 1744 interrupted the communication between the two islands, and stopped the progress of the sugar plantations. This loss was supplied by the culture of coffee, which was pursued during the hostilities with activity and eagerness. The peace of 1748 revived all the labors, and opened all the former sources of wealth. In 1753 the population of Grenada consisted of 1262 white people, 175 free negroes, and 11,991 slaves. The cattle amounted to 2968 horses and mules, 2456 horned cattle, 3278 sheep, 902 goats, and 331 hogs. The cultivation rose to eighty-three sugar plantations, 2,725,600 coffee-trees, 150,300 cocoa-trees, and 800 cotton plants. The provisions consisted of 5,740,450 trenches of cassado, 933,596 banana trees, and 143 squares of potatoes and yams. The colony made a rapid progress, in proportion to the excellence of its soil; but in 1762 the island was taken by the British. At this time one of the mountains at the side of St. George's harbour was strongly fortified, and might have made a good defence, but surrendered without firing a gun; and by the treaty concluded in 1763 the island was ceded to Britain. On this cession, and the management of the colony after that event, the abbé Raynal has the following remarks. This long train of evils,' the ambition and mismanagement of his countrymen, has thrown Grenada into the hands of the English, who are in possession of this conquest by the treaty of 1763. England has not made a fortunate beginning. In the first enthusiasm raised by an acquisition, of which the highest opinion had been previously formed, every one was eager to purchase estates there. They sold for much more than their real value. This caprice, by expelling old colonists who were inured to the climate, has sent about £1,553,000 out of the mother country. This imprudence has been followed by another. The new proprietors, misled, no doubt, by national pride, have substituted new methods to those of their predecessors. They have attempted to alter the mode of living among their slaves. The negroes, who from their very ignorance are more attached to their customs than other men, have revolted. It hath been found necessary to send out troops, and to shed blood. The whole colony was filled with suspicions. The masters, who had laid themselves under a necessity of using violent methods, were afraid of being burnt or massacred in their own plantations. The labors have declined, or been totally interrupted. Tranquillity has at length been restored. The number of slaves have been increased as far as 40,000, and the produce has been raised to the treble of what it was under the French government. The plantations will still be improved by the neighbourhood of a dozen of islands, called the Grenadilloes, that are dependent on the colony.' In 1779 the.

conquest of this island was accomplished by D'Estaign the French adiniral. Immediately after his conquest of St. Lucia, being reinforced by a squadron under M. de la Motte, he set sail for Grenada, with a fleet of twenty-six sail of the line, and twelve frigates, having on board 10,000 land forces. Here he arrived on the 2d of July; and landed 3000 troops, chiefly Irish, being part of the brigade composed of natives of Ireland in the service of France. These were conducted by count Dillon, who disposed them in such a manner as to surround the hill that commands George's Town, together with the fort and harbour. To oppose these, lord M'Cartney, the governor, had only about 150 regulars, and 300 or 400 armed inhabitants: but, though all resistance was evidently vain, he determined nevertheless to make an honorable and gallant defence. The preparations he made were such as induced D'Estaign himself to be present at the attack; and, even with his vast superiority of force, the first attack on the entrenchments proved unsuccessful. The second continued two hours; when the garrison were obliged to yield to the immense disparity of numbers who assaulted them, after having killed or wounded 300 of their antagonists. Having thus made themselves masters of the intrenchments on the hill, the French turned the cannon of them towards the fort which lay under it; on which the governor demanded a capitulation. The terms, however, were so extraordinary and unprecedented, that both the governor and inhabitants agreed in rejecting them; and determined rather to surrender without any conditions, than upon those which appeared so extravagant. On this occasion D'Estaign is said to have behaved in a very haughty and severe manner; indulging his soldiers also in the most unwarrantable liberties, and in which they would have proceeded much farther, had they not been restrained by the Irish troops in the French service. In the mean time admiral Byron, who had been convoying the homeward bound West India fleet, hastened to St. Vincent, in hopes of recovering it; but being informed, by the way, that a descent had been made at Grenada, he changed his course, hoping that lord M'Cartney would be able to hold out till his arrival. On the 6th of July he came in sight of the French fleet; and, without regarding D'Estaign's superiority of six ships of the line and as many frigates, determined if possible to force him to a close engagement. The French commander, however, was not so confident of his own prowess as to run the risk of an encounter of this kind; and, having already achieved his conquest, had no other view than to preserve it. His designs were facilitated by the good condition of his fleet; which, being more lately come out of port than that of the British, sailed faster, so that he was thus enabled to keep at what distance he pleased. The engagement began about eight in the morning, when admiral Barrington, with his own and two other ships, got up to the van of the enemy, which they attacked with the greatest spirit. As the other ships of his division, however, were not able to get up to his assistance, these three ships were necessarily obliged to VOL. X.

encounter a vast superiority, and of consequence suffered exceedingly. The battle was carried on from beginning to end in the same unequal manner; nor were the British commanders, with their utmost efforts, able to bring the French to a close engagement. Thus captains Collingwood, Edwards, and Cornwallis, stood the fire of the whole French fleet for some time. Captain Fanshaw of the Monmouth, a sixty-four gun ship, threw himself singly in the way of the enemy's van; and admiral Rowley and captain Butchard fought at the same disadvantage; so that, finding it impossible to continue the engagement with any probability of success, a general cessation of firing took place about noon. It recommenced in the same manner about 3 P. M., and lasted, with different interruptions, till evening. During this action some of the British ships had forced their way into St. George's harbour, not imagining that the enemy were already in possession of the island. They were soon undeceived, however, by perceiving the French colors flying ashore, and the guns and batteries firing at them. This discovery put an end to the design which had brought on the engagement; and as it was now high time to think of providing for the safety of the British transports, which were in danger from the number of the enemy's frigates, the engagement was finally discontinued. During this action some of admiral Byron's ships had suffered extremely. The Lion of sixty-four guns, captain Cornwallis, was found incapable of rejoining the fleet, which were plying to windward; and was therefore obliged to bear away alone before the wind. Two other ships lay far astern in a very distressed situation; but no attempt was made to take them, nor did the French admiral show the least inclination to renew the engagement. Grenada was restored to Great Britain by the peace in 1783. George's Town, or St. George's, is the residence of the governor, and the governor, general Matthew, made a present to the citizens of a clock and bells in 1790. The garrison then consisted of artillery, two regiments of Europeans, and one of blacks. As there are several small islands subject to the laws enacted in Grenada, they each elect a person to represent them in the general assembly, which is always held in St. George's. As none of the Grenadines have a harbour fit for large vessels, the produce of them is conveyed in small vessels to St. George's, whence it is exported to the different places of Europe, Africa, America, &c. Although by the peace of 1763, all the French inhabitants who inclined to remain in the island became invested with the privileges of British subjects, and although these privileges were confirmed in 1768, yet the treatment which they experienced from the British settlers, proved so extremely oppressive, that they at last broke out into a formidable insurrection. On the 2d of March, 1795, the old French inhabitants, being joined by the mulattoes under Fedon, seized the towns of Grenville and Gouyave, plundered the former, murdered eleven of the English inhabitants, and took the rest prisoners. On the 5th, 130 troops were sent against the rebels, but were obliged to retreat. The most barbarous massacres

2 X

now

took place on both sides; and general Lindsey, finding himself unable to quell the insurrection, put an end to his own life. On the 16th of April general Nichols, arriving from Martinico, assumed the command, and various engagements took place, wherein sometimes the insurgents and sometimes the British had the advantage. In this distracted state the island continued till December 1795, when the French landed a body of troops, who joined the rebels, and reduced great part of the island; but on the 10th of July 1796 the French commandant, Jossey, surrendered all the French posts by capitulation to the British under general Abercrombie; and Fedon and his associates escaped into the woods, after having murdered all their prisoners. The British obtained complete possession on the 19th of June; Grenada is 123 miles south-west of Barbadoes, and seventy-one north-west of Tobago. Long. 61° 40′ W., lat. 12° 0′ N.

GRENADE,' n. s. Fr. grenadier; Latin GRENADIER,' granatum. A globe or GRENA'DO. ball of iron, or other metal, which, being filled with gun-powder, is set on fire by means of a fusee. Grenadier is a foot soldier, of whom there was one company formerly in every regiment: such men being employed to throw grenades.

Yet to express a Scottish enterprize,
Not all those mouth grenados can suffice.

Cleaveland.

You may as well try to quench a flaming grenado with a shell of fairwater, as hope to succeed. Watts.

Peace allays the shepherd's fear

Of wearing cap of grenadier. Gay's Pastorals. GRENADE, OF GRANADO, is a kind of small bomb or shell, of the same diameter as a fourpound bullet; it weighs about two pounds, being charged with four or five ounces of powder, and is thrown by the hand, whence they are most generally styled hand-grenades. They have a touch-hole in the same manner as a shell, and a fusee of the same composition. The fusee is fired with a match, and the grenades being thrown the powder becomes inflamed, and the shell instantly bursts into splinters, that kill or maim whomsoever they may reach. They were invented about 1594. The author of the Military Dic tionary has the following remark on the use of grenades Grenades have unaccountably sunk into disuse, but we are persuaded there is nothing more proper than to have grenades to throw among the enemy who have jumped into the ditch. During the siege of Cassel, under count de la Lippe, in the campaign of 1762, a young engineer undertook to carry one of the outworks with a much smaller detachment than one which had been repulsed, and succeeded with ease from the use of grenades; which is a proof that they should not be neglected, either in the attack or, defence of posts."

:

GRENADIER, GRANADIER, a foot soldier armed with firelock, bayonet, and in some services with a hanger; grenadiers carry, besides their arms, a cartridge box that will hold thirtysix rounds. They are clothed differently from the rest of the battalion they belong to, by wearing a high cap, fronted with a plate of brass, on which the king's arms is generally represented,

GRENADILLOES, or GRENADINES. See GRANADILLOES. These islands are from three to eight leagues each in circumference, but are said to be all destitute of water, except the island Cariacou, wherein one spring has been discovered by digging, which is kept locked up by the proprietor. The capital of that island is Hilsborough, which has a church. See GRENADA.

GRENAILLE, a name given by the French writers to a preparation of copper, which the Chinese use as a red color in some of their finest China, particularly for that color which is called oil-red, or red in oil.

GRENOBLE, a large, populous, and ancient town of France, in the department of Isere, and ci-devant province of Dauphiny, anciently Accusiorum Colonia. It contains a great number of handsome structures, particularly churches, and ci-devant convents. It is seated on the Isere, over which there are two bridges leading into a single street, of great length, and having the appearance of a suburb. Grenoble, though not a fine town, has several spacious squares. It is surrounded with ramparts, and entered by drawbridges; its population is about 23,000. Among the public buildings that attract the attention of travellers is the ancient Hotel de Lesdiguieres, now the town-house: the court house; and the cathedral, a heavy edifice in the Gothic style. On an eminence, near the middle of the town, stand the ruins of a once strong citadel, called the Bastile. From the summit is enjoyed a delightful view as far as Mont Blanc, a distance of thirty leagues. Outside of the town are two hospitals, one for the military, another, on a larger scale, for the poor in general. The literary and scientific institutions are a small university, a provincial school, an academy of arts and sciences established in 1796, societies of medicine and agriculture, the schools of surgery and midwifery, and the artil lery school. To these institutions belong a library of 60,000 volumes, a museum, a botanical garden, a cabinet of natural history, and a small cabinet of antiquities.

The principal manufactures are of gloves, cotton articles, and different kinds of liqueurs. Its glove manufactures have long been celebrated, and employ nearly one-fourth of the population. It has likewise manufactures of hemp. Its commerce is favored by the Isere, which is navigable to a considerable distance above the town, and is made to convey quantities of timber, hemp, flax, linen, leather, iron, and marble. Grenoble is likewise the staple for the cheese made near Sassenage, a village in the neighbourhood. It was formerly the seat of the governor and parlia ment of Dauphiny, and is now the residence of the prefect of the departmen of one of the higher, and of several smaller courts of justice. It is likewise the head-quarters of a military division, and the see of a bishop. The climate here is

very variable, and affected by the exhalations from the neighbouring marshes. This was the first place of note that opened its gates to Napoleon on his return from Elba; he entered it 8th March 1815. Twenty-seven miles south of Chamberry.

GRENOUILLES, LES, a cluster of rocks in the West Indian Ocean, about thirty-six miles south-east from Point Morand, in the island of Jamaica.

GRESHAM (Sir Thomas), an opulent merchant in London, descended from an ancient family of Norfolk. He was born in 1519. His father was king's agent at Antwerp, and Sir Thomas, being appointed to the same office in 1551, removed to that city with his family. This employment was suspended, on the accession of queen Mary, but was restored to him again. Queen Elizabeth knighted him, and made him her agent in foreign parts. About this time he built a large mansion-house on the west side of Bishopsgate Street,since named Gresham College, He now proposed to build a house or exchange for the merchants to meet in, instead of walking in the open street; and offered, if the citizens would provide a proper piece of ground, to build the exchange at his own expense; which being accepted, he fulfilled his promise after the plan of the exchange at Antwerp. On the 29th of January 1570, when the new edifice was opened, the queen came and dined with the founder; and caused a herald with a trumpet to proclaim it by the name of the Royal Exchange. In pursuance also of a promise to endow a college for the profession of the seven liberal sciences, he made a testamentary disposition of his house in London for that purpose. See COLLEGE. He left several other benefactions, and died in 1579. He was a great friend and patron of the celebrated martyrologist, John Fox. He was well acquainted with the ancient and several modern languages; and had a very comprehensive knowledge of foreign and domestic commerce. He transacted queen Elizabeth's mercantile affairs so constantly that he was called the royal merchant; and his house was sometimes appointed for the reception of foreign princes upon their first arrival in

London.

GRESHAM COLLEGE. See COLLEGE.

GRESSIE, or GRESSEC, a town on the northeast coast of Java, and formerly the capital of a kingdom. It has comparatively few European, inhabitants, but the native population and the Chinese are numerous. The latter have a temple reared by their own priests. The saltpetre works are very extensive; but the want of good water, and the general unhealthiness of the place, may be considered as the causes of its decline. Long. 112° 50′ E., lat. 7° 9' S.

GREVILLE (Fulke), lord Brook, a poet and miscellaneous writer, born in 1554, and descended from the noble families of Beauchamps of Powick and Willoughby de Brook. In company with his cousin Sir Philip Sidney, he began his education at a school in Shrewsbury: thence he went to Oxford, and afterwards to Cambridge. He next visited foreign courts, and, on his return to England, was introduced to queen Elizabeth by his uncle Robert Greville; and by means of

Sir Henry Sidney, lord president of Wales, was nominated to some lucrative employments in that principality. He continued a constant attendant at court, and a favorite with the queen to the end of her reign; during which he obtained the office of treasurer of marine causes, a grant of the manor of Wedgnock, and the honor of knighthood. In her reign he was several times elected M. P. for Warwickshire, and his name often appears in committees. On the accession of king James I. he was installed knight of the Bath; and soon after obtained a grant of the ruinous castle of Warwick, which he repaired at a considerable expense. In 1614 he was made under treasurer, chancellor of the exchequer, one of the privy council, and gentleman of the bed chamber; and in 1620 he was raised to the dignity of baron. He was also privy-counsellor to king Charles I., in the beginning of whose reign he founded a history lecture in Cambridge. Having thus attained the age of seventy-four, through a life of continued prosperity, universally admired as a gentleman and a scholar, he fell by the hands of an assassin, one of his own domestics, who immediately stabbed himself with the same weapon with which he had murdered his master. This fellow's name was Haywood; and the cause is said to have been a severe reprimand, for his presumption in upbraiding his master for not providing for him after his death. He had been witness to lord Brook's will, and knew the contents. Lord Brook was buried with great pomp in St. Mary's church at Warwick, in his own vault, over which he had erected a monument of black and white marble, ordering at his death the following inscription to be engraved upon his tomb: Fulke Greville, servant to queen Elizabeth, counsellor to king James, and friend to Sir Philip Sidney. Trophæum Peccati.' He wrote several works in verse and prose, among which are two tragedies, Alaham and Mustapha. A Treatise of Human Learning, &c., in verse, folio. The life of Sir Philip Sidney. An Inquisition upon Fame and Honor, in eightysix stanzas. Cecilia, a collection of 109 songs. His Remains, consisting of political and philosophical poems.

GREUT, n. s. A kind of fossile body.

A sort of tin ore, with its greut; that is, a congeries of crystals, or sparks of spar, of the bigness of baysalt, and of a brown shining colour immersed Grew's Museum. therein. GREW. The preterite of GROW, which see. The pleasing task he fails not to renew; Soft and more soft at every touch it grew.

Dryden.

GREW (Nehemiah), a learned English writer, of the seventeenth century, who had considerable practice as a physician in London, and succeeded Mr. Oldenburgh in the office of secretary to the Royal Society. In this capacity, pursuant to an order of council, he drew up a catalogue of the natural and artificial rarities belonging to the society, under the title of Musæum regalis Societatis, &c., 1681. He also wrote besides several pieces in the Philosophical Transactions, 1. The Comparative Anatomy of the Stomach and Entrails, folio. 2. The Anatomy of Plants, folio. 3. Tractatus de salis Cathartici natura et usu. 4. Cosmologia