Sacra, or a Discourse of the Universe as it is the Creature and Kingdom of God, folio. He died suddenly in 1721. GREWIA, in botany, a genus of the polyandria order, and gynandria class of plants: natural order thirty-seventh, columnifera: CAL. pentaphyllous; petals five, each with a nectariferous scale at the base; berry quadrilocular. Eleven species: the chief are, 1. G. Africana, with oval spear-shaped serrated leaves, a native of Senegal in Africa, whence its seeds were brought by Mr. Adanson. In this country it rises with a shrubby stalk five or six feet high, sending out many lateral branches, with a brown hairy bark, and garnished with spear-shaped serrated leaves; but the plants do not flower in Britain. This species is tender, and must be kept constantly in a warm bark stove. In summer it requires a large share of the free air, and should have water three or four times a week in warm weather; but in winter they must be sparingly watered The negroes of Senegal highly value a decoction of the bark, and use it as a never-failing remedy against venereal complaints. 2. G. occidentalis, with oval crenated leaves. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and grows to the height of ten or twelve feet. The stem and branches greatly resemble those of the small leaved elm, the bark being smooth, and of the same color with that when young. The leaves are also very like those of the elm, and fall off in autumn. The flowers are produced singly along the young branches from the wings of the leaves, and are of a bright purple color. This species, though a native of a warm climate, will bear the open air in this country; only requiring to be sheltered in a green-house during winter. It may be propagated by cuttings, or layers, planted in pots filled with soft loamy earth. GREY, adj. Fr. gris. More properly written gray. See GRAY. This ancient ruffian, Sir, whose life I spared at suit of his grey beard. Shakspeare. King Lear. Our green youth copies what grey sinners act, When venerable age commends the fact. Dryden. GREY (Lady Jane), a most illustrious and unfortunate lady, descended of the blood royal of England by both parents, was the eldest daughter of Henry Grey, marquis of Dorset, and Frances, the daughter of Charles Brandon, lord Suffolk, by Mary, the dowager of Louis XII. king of France, who was the youngest daughter of Henry VII. king of England. She was born in 1537, at Broadgate, her father's seat, in Leicestershire. She discovered ar early propensity to all kinds of literature; and having considerable genius, improved under the tuition of Mr. Aylmer, afterwards bishop of London, she made a surprising progress in the languages, arts, and sciences. She understood various branches of philosophy, and could express herself in Latin and Greek. Sir Thomas Chaloner (Strype's Memorials, vol. iii. p. 93), says, that she was well versed in Hebrew, Chaldee, Arabic, French, and Italian. He adds, that she played well on instrumental music, writ a curious hand, and was excellent at the needle.' In 1553 the dukes of Suffolk and Northumberland, who were now, after the fall of Somerset, arrived at the height of power, began, on the decline of king Edward's health, to think how to prevent any reverse of fortune upon his death. No other remedy was judged sufficient but a change in the succession of the crown, and transferring it into their own families, by rendering Lady Jane queen. Those excellent and amiable qualities, which had rendered her dear to all who had the happiness to know her, joined to her near affinity to the king, subjected her to become the chief tool of ambition not her own. With this view she was married to lord Guildford Dudley, fourth son of the duke of Northumberland, without discovering to her the real design of the match; which was celebrated with great pomp in the end of May; and was so much to the king's satisfaction that he contributed largely to the expense of it. Edward VI. died in July following; and Lady Jane, with infinite reluctance, overpowered by the solicitations of her ambitious friends, allowed herself to be proclaimed queen of England, on the strength of a deed extorted from that prince by her father-inlaw, the duke of Northumberland, which set aside the succession of queen Mary, queen Elizabeth, and Mary queen of Scots. Her regal pageantry continued but a few days. Queen Mary's hereditary right prevailed; and the unfortunate Lady Jane Grey and her husband were committed to the tower, and on the 13th of November arraigned and found guilty of high treaOn the 12th of February following they were both beheaded on Tower-hill. Her magnanimity in this dreadful scene was astonishing. Immediately before her execution, she addressed herself to the weeping multitude with composure and coherency. Feckenham, Mary's chaplain, visited her in the Tower, and tried to convert her to the Catholic faith, but found her by far his superior in argument. Her writings are, 1. Four Latin Epistles; three to Bullenger, and one to her sister lady Catharine. The last was written the night before her execution, in a blank leaf of a Greek Testament: a circumstance which seems to have led Dr. Watkins, in his Biographical Dictionary, to say it was written in the Greek language. These letters are printed in a work entitled Epistolæ Helvetica Reformatoribus, vel ad eos scriptæ, &c., Tiguri, 1742, 8vo. Conference with Feckenham. Ballard. 3. A letter to Dr. Harding, her father's chaplain. Printed in the Phoenix, vol. ii. p. 28. 4. A Prayer for her own use during her confinement. In Fox's Acts and Monuments. 5. Four Latin verses; written in prison with a pin. They are as follows: son. 2. Her Non aliena putes, homini quæ obtingere possunt: Sors hodierna mihi, cras erit illa tibi. Jane Dudley. To mortals' common fate thy mind resign, My lot to-day to-morrow may be thine! Deo juvante, nil nocet livor malus : Et non juvante, nil juvat labor gravis. Post tenebras spero lucem. Freely rendered thus: Harmless all malice if our God be nigh, Fruitless all pains, if he his help deny; Patient I pass these gloomy hours away And wait the morning of eternal day. 6. Her speech on the Scaffold. It began thus: 'My Lords, and you, good Christian people, who come to see me die, I am under a law, and by that law, as a never-erring judge, I am conden:ned to die; not for any thing I have offended the queen's majesty; for I will wash my hands guiltless thereof, and deliver to my God a soul as pure from such trespass as innocence from injustice; but only for that I consented to the thing I was forced unto, constraint making the law believe I did that which I never understood,' &c. Hollingshed, Sir Richard Baker, Bale, and Fox, tell us that she wrote several other things, but do not mention where they are to be found. GREY (Richard), D. D., a learned English divine, born in 1693, and educated at Oxford, where he took the degree of M. A. in 1719. He obtained the rectories of Kimcote in Leicestershire, and Hinton in Northamptonshire, with other benefices. He published many sermons and religious tracts; besides the following:Memoria Technia, or a New Method of Artificial Memory; of which the first edition was printed in 1730, and a fourth in 1756; A System of English Ecclesiastcal Law, 8vo. 1741; The Miserable and Distracted State of Religion in England, upon the Downfall of the Church Established, 8vo., 1736; A New and Easy Method of Learning Hebrew without Points, 1738; Historia Josephi, et Paradigmata Verborum, 1739; Liber Jobi, 1742; Answer to Warburton's Remarks, 1744; Nova Methodus Hebraicè discendi, &c., 1751; and A Translation of Mr. H. Browne's poem, De Animi Immortalitate. He was married; and died February 28th, 1771, aged seventy-eight, leaving several daughters. GREY (Zachary), LL. D., an English divine, born in 1687. He studied and graduated at Cambridge. He was vicar of St. Giles's and St. Peter's in Cambridge, and was author of about thirty different works; particularly, An Answer to Neale's History of the Puritans; 3 vols. 8vo. His edition of Hudibras, 1744, was satirised by War burton and Henry Fielding. He died in 1766, aged seventy-nine. GREYHOUND, n. s. Sax. righund. tall fleet dog that chases in sight. A Greihoundes he hadde as swift as foul of flight. a tyger. So, on the Downs we see, near Wilton fair, Dryden. GREYHOUND. See CANIS and Doc. Among a litter of greyhound's puppies, the best are always those which are lightest. These will make the nimblest dogs as they grow up. The qualities of a good greyhound are well expressed in the following lines. According to them he is to have A Head like a snake Side like a bream, In breeding these dogs, the bitch is principally to be regarded; for it is found by experience, that the best dog and a bad bitch will not get so good puppies, as an indifferent dog with a good bitch. The dog and bitch should be as nearly as possible of the same age; and, for breeding perfect dogs, they should not be more than four years old. An old bitch may be used with a young dog, but the puppies of a young bitch and an old dog will never be good for any thing. the general food for a greyhound is chippings or raspings of bread, with soft bones and gristles; and those chippings ought always to be soaked in beef or mutton broth. The proper exercise is coursing him three times a-week, and rewarding him with blood; which will animate him in the highest degree, and encourage him to prosecute his game. But the hare, also, should always have fair play. She should have the law, as it is called; that is, have leave to run about twelve score yards before the dog is slipped at her, that he may have some difficulty in the course, and not pick up the game too easily. If he kills the hare he must never be suffered to tear her; but she must be taken from him, his mouth cleaned of the wool, and the liver and lights given him by way of encouragement. Then he is to be led home, and his feet washed with butter and beer, and about an hour after he is to be fed. When the dog is to be taken out to course, he should have nothing in the morning but a toast and butter, and then he is to be kennelled till taken out to the field. The kennelling these dogs is of great use, always giving them spirit and nimbleness when they are let loose. The best way of managing a fine greyhound is never to let him stir out of the kennel, except when feeding, walking, or coursing. GREYWACKE, a mountain formation, consisting of two similar rocks, which alternate with and pass into each other, called greywacke, and greywacke-slate. The first possesses the characters It is a rock composed of of the formation. pieces of quartz, felspar, and slate, cemented by a clay-slate basis. These pieces vary in size from a hen's egg to little grains. When the texture becomes exceedingly fine-grained, the rock constitutes greywacke-slate. Its color is usually ash or smoke-gray, and glimmers from interspersed scales of mica. It contains quartz veins, but no beds of quartz. Petrifactions are found in it. These rocks are stratified, forming, when alone, round-backed hills, with deep valleys between them. Immense beds of trap, flinty-slate, and transition limestone, are contained in this formation; as well as numerous metallic ores in beds and large veins. GREZZANA, or GREZZANO, a town of the Veronese, in Maritime Austria, according to the division of that province between the emperor and the Cisalpine republic, made by the treaty of Campo Formio, in 1797; but by the conquest of the Veronese, by the French and Cisalpines under general Brune in December, 1800, and subsequent annexation of the whole province, it became part of the Cisalpine republic. This town is twelve miles north of Verona, and two of Breonio; and is seated near the Bridge of Beja, a remarkable bridge formed by nature, which connects two hills together. Its arch is fifty Veronese feet broad, and no fewer than 114 feet high. GRIAS, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, and polyandria class of plants: COR. tetrapetalous: CAL. quadrifid; the stigma sessile and cruciform: the fruit is a plum with an eight-furrowed kernel. There is but one species, viz. G. cauliflora, the anchovy pear, a native of Jamaica. The leaves are nearly oval, and about three feet long. It has a straight stem, upon the upper part of which come forth the flowers. The fruit is large, and contains a stone with eight furrows. These fruits are eaten by the inhabitants. GRIBALDUS (Matthew), a learned civilian of Padua, who left Italy in the sixteenth century, in order to make a public profession of the Protestant religion. After having been for some time professor of the civil law at Tubingen, he was obliged to leave it, having imbibed some doubts respecting the doctrine of the Trinity: but he was seized at Berne, where he would have met with very severe treatment, had he not renounced his opinions. He however relapsed again, and would certainly have been put to death, had he not died of the plague in 1664. He wrote De Methodo ac Ratione Studendi in Jure Civili; and several other works which are held in general estimation. GRIBNER (Michael Henry), a learned civilian of Germany, born at Leipsic in 1682. After writing some time in the Journal of Leipsic, he was made professor of law at Wittemberg: whence he passed to Dresden, and was at last recalled to Leipsic to succeed M. Mencke. He died in 1734. Besides several academical dissertations, he wrote 1. Principia Processus Judiciarii; 2. Principia Juris Prudentiæ Naturalis, a small work much esteemed; 3. Opuscula Juris Publici et Privati. Fr. grever; Italian, grave; Flem. griever ; Welsh grif; Lat. gravis. Sorrow and regret for something past; GRIEF, n. s. GRIEVANCE, N. S. GRIEVE, v. a. & v. n. GRIEVINGLY, adv. GRIEVOUS, adj. GRIEVOUSLY, adv. pain or disease; inGRIEVOUSNESS, n. s. J jury; a harm; whatever lies as a weight upon the heart. The verb signifies to afflict; to injure or make sorrowful: when applied to faults, the word grievous is expressive of atrocity; it also sometimes implies discontent; to be in pain; to mourn; to sorrow, as for the death of friends. It has sometimes at and sometimes for before the cause of grief; perhaps at is proper before our misfortnnes, and for before our faults. It repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart. Gen. vi. They fled from the swords, from the drawn sword, and from the bent bow, and from the grievousness of Is. xxi. 15. For he doth not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men. Luke iii. 33. Forty years long was I grieved with this generation. Psalms. war. She was to blame me to leve; Chaucer. Romaunt of the Rose. Id. The Assemble of Foules. And overmore, distrained with sicknesse, Beside all this he was full grevouslie. Id. Complaint of the Blacke Knight. Wide was the wound, and a large lukewarm flood, Red as the rose, thence gushed grievously. Spenser: Next him went Griefe and Fury, matcht yfere; Grief all in sable sorrowfully clad, Downe hanging his dull head with heavy chere, Yet inly being more then seeming sad. Id. Faerie Queene. GRICE, n. s. Dan. and Swed. gris. A step information, oftentimes grevously vexed. I see how a number of souls are, for want of right Hooker. or greeze; a little pig.-Gouldman. This a step to love. No, not a grice ; Shakspeare. Twelfth Night. To GRIDE, v. n. Ital. gridare. To cut; to make way by cutting. A word elegant,, but not in use. To the flesh, as the apostle himself granteth, all affliction is naturally grievous. Id. Crying sins I call those which are so heinous, and in their kind so grievous, that they hasten God's judgment, and call down for speedy vengeance upon the sinner. Perkins. When one man kills another, thinking that he killeth a wild beast; if the same man remembereth afterwards what he hath done, and is not grieved for the fact, in this case he hath sinned; because his not grieving is offensive unto God, though the fact were merely besides his will. Id. Grittus perceiving how grievously the matter was taken, with the danger he was in, began to doubt. Knolles. He cannot come, my lord: he's grievous sick. Be factious for redress of all these griefs. The king hath sent to know Id. Henry IV. Wringing of the hands, knocking of the breast, are but the ceremonies of sorrow, the pomp and ostentation of an effeminate grief, which speak not so much the greatness of the misery as the smallness of the mind. South. The mother was so much afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, who was her only son, that she died for Addison. grief of it. Grieved at the thought, he vowed his whole endea vour Should be to close those breaches. Rowe. Love, Hope, and Joy, fair Pleasure's smiling traiu; Hate, Fear, and Grief, the family of Pain. Pope. What remedy can be found against grievances, but to bring religion into countenance, and encourage those who, from hope of future reward, and dread of future punishment, will be moved to justice and inteSwift. grity? To own a great but grievous truth, though they quicken and sharpen the invention, they corrupt the temper. Watts. Yet leave me not; I would allay that grief, 1 Beattie. Ah, how shall I pursue Id. GRIEF. The influence of this passion on the body is very great. Its effects resemble in several instances those of fear, with, however, some variations, owing perhaps to its being in general of longer duration. Grief diminishes the bodily strength in general, and particularly the force of the heart and circulation; as appear by the frequent sighs and deep respirations which attend it, which seem to be necessary exertions, in order to promote the passage of the blood through the lungs. It diminishes perspiration, obstructs the menstrual discharge, produces paleness of the skin, and edematous complaints, and scirrhus of the glandular parts. It aggravates the scurvy, and the malignity of putrid and contagious distempers; and renders people more apt to receive the infection of them. When it comes on suddenly, and in a great degree, it causes a palpitation of the heart, and renders the pulse irregular. Blindness, gangrene, and sudden death, Its have followed the excess of this sensation. effects of changing the color of the hair are well known. Opiates, in small doses, are good cor'dials in this case. GRIELUM, in botany, a genus of the pentagynia order, belonging to the decandria class of plants: CAL. quinquefid: there are five petals : the filaments persisting and five monospermous seed-cases. Species one only; an Ethiopian shrub. GRIERSON (Constantia), a native of Ireland, was born of poor parents, and died at the She was an exage of twenty-seven, in 1733. cellent Greek and Latin scholar; and studied history, divinity, philosophy, and mathematics. She proved her skill in Latin by the dedication of the Dublin edition of Tacitus to lord Carteret, and by that of Terence to his son; to whom she also addressed a Greek epigram. She wrote many elegant English poems, several of which were inserted by Mrs. Barber among her own. When lord Carteret was lord-lieutenant of Ireland, he obtained a patent for Mr. Grierson to be the king's printer; and, to reward the uncommon merit of his wife, caused her life to be included in it. GRIESBACH (John James), a celebrated German divine and critic, was born at Buzbach in Hesse Darmstadt, where his father was a Lutheran minister. He studied at the universities of Frankfort, Tubingen, Halle, and Leipsic; and finally became professor of theology at Halle. In 1774 he published an edition of the Historical Books of the Christian Scriptures, 2 vols 8vo., with a copious collection of various readings. The remaining books of the New Testament were subsequently given to the world in the same manner; and an improved edition of the whole work, under the patronage of the late duke of Grafton, in 4 vols. 4to. reprinted in 2 vols. 8vo. both in German and English. Griesbach was also the author of Symbola Criticæ ad supplendas et corrigendas variarum Novi Testamenti Lectionum, 1785-1793, 2 vols. 8vo., and many He removed other valuable biblical works. from Halle to Jena, where he became professor of theology, rector of the university, and privy counsellor for ecclesiastical affairs to the duke of Saxe Weimar. He died here in March 1812, aged sixty-seven. GRIFFIN, n. s. This should rather be That one did plete on the Pope's side. Chaucer. The Plowman's Tale. Browne. GRIFFON, GRYPHUS, was supposed by the ancients to have four legs, wings, and a beak; the upper part representing an eagle, and the lower a lion; and to watch over gold mines, hidden treasures, &c. This imaginary animal was consecrated to the sun; and the ancient painters represented the chariot of the sun as drawn by griffons. M. Spanheim observes the same of those of Jupiter and Nemesis. The griffon is commonly seen on ancient arms; and is borne in coat armour. Guillim blazons it rampant; alleging that any very fierce animal may be blazoned as well as the lion. Sylvester, Morgan, and others, use the terms segreant instead of rampant. The griffon is also an ornament of architecture in constant use among the Greeks, and was copied from them, with the other elegancies of architectural enrichments, by the Romans. See SPHINX. The GRIFFON, in Scripture, is that species of the eagle called in Latin ossifraga, the osprey; and 5, of the verb D5, paras, to break. See FALCO. GRIG, n. s. Bavarian kricke, a little duck. It seems originally to have signified any thing below the natural size; a small eel; also a merry creature supposed from Greek; Lat. græculus festivus. Hard is her heart as flint or stone, And merry as a grig is grown, Swift. Fr. grille; qu. Lat. craticula. To broil on a grate or gridiron and hence figuratively, to harass, teaze, or ridicule a man. : GRIME, n. s. & v. a. These words signify a GRIM'LY, adv. countenance of terror; GRIM'NESS, n. s. any thing hideous or frightful; ugly or ill-looking. Grimace is a distortion of countenance, either from affectation or insolence. Grime is dirt deeply insinuated. Grimness, a countenance of horror. Some saide he looked grim, and wolde fighte, He loketh as it were a grim leown, Chaucer. The Nonnes Preestes Tale. The innocent prey in haste he does forsake, Which quit from death, yet quakes in every limb, With change of fear to see the lion look so grim. Spenser. The augurs Say they know not; they cannot tell; look grimly, And dare not speak their knowledge. Shakspeare. Swart, like my shoe, but her face nothing so clean kept; for why? She sweats: a man may go over shoes in the grime of it. Id. Grim visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front. Id. Venus was like her mother; for her father is but grim. My face I'll grime with filth, Blanket my loins, elf all my hair in knots. Id. Id. So Pluto, seized of Proserpine, conveyed To hell's tremendous gloom th' affrighted maid; There grimly smiled, pleased with the beauteous prize, Nor envied Jove his sunshine and his skies. Addison. Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains, Doubling the native horrour of the war, And making death more grim. Id. Cato The French nation is addicted to grimace. Id. Spectator. Collow is the word by which they denote black grime of burnt coals or wood. Woodward on Fossils. Vice in a vizard, to avoid grimace, Allows all freedom, but to see the face Granville. GRIMALDI (FRANCIS), an eminent painter, also called Bolognese, was born at Bologna in 1606, where he became a disciple of Annibal Caracci, and proved an honor to that illustrious master. From the school of Annibal he went to complete his studies at Rome, and improved himself daily, until his superior talents recommended him to Innocent X., who afforded him inmediate opportunities of exerting his genius in his palace at Monte Cavallo, and in the VatiHis merit soon engaged the attention of the public, and increased the number of his friends; among whom were prince Pamphilio, and the principal nobility of Rome. His reputation reached cardinal Mazarine at Paris, who sent for him, settled a large pension on him, and can. |