the HABER'GEON, n. s. Fr. haubergeon; low And over that an habergeon For percing of his herte. Chaucer. Rime of Sire Thopas. Some wol ben armed in an habergeon, And in a brest plate and in a gipon. Id. The Knightes Tale. The shot let fly, and grazing Hudibras. HABERGEON, HABERGETUM. From Fr. haut, high, and berg, armour, was a coat of mail; an ancient piece of defensive armour, in form of a coat, descending from the neck to the middle, and formed of little iron rings or meshes, linked into each other. and several other curious works. HABILIMENT, n. s. HABILITY, n. s. He died in French, habiliment, | habiliter, habilitè, habitable, habiteur, habitude; Lat. habitus, habitabilis, habitatio, habitudo. A habit is the state of having, or being, and applicable to appearance, as dress, clothes, garments, which habiliments; to mind, as qualifications; faculty or ability acJquired by frequently doing the same thing, as habitude: to the capacity of being dwelt in, as habitable: a habitation is a place of abode; habitator is an inhabitant of such dwelling: habitual is customary; established by repetition; used both in a good and evil sense. are And eke remembre thine habilitee And, eke, in eche of the pinacles Id. House of Fame. Chaucer. The Monkes Tale. In many places nightingales, Id. Romaunt of the Rose. And these rich heaps of wealth do'st hide apart He the fairest Una found, Id. Wisdom, to the end she might save many, built her made not this or that man her habitation, but dwelt in Hooker. us. HABERT, a French family of talent of the seventeenth century: Germain Habert was abbot of Notre Dame de Cerisi, and one of the first members of the French Academy. He died in 1653, leaving several poems, the best of which is entitled Metamorphose des Yeux d'Iris, changés en Astres, 1639, 8vo. He also wrote the Life of Cardinal de Berulle, 1646, 4to, and paraphrased house of that nature which is common unto all; she some of the Psalms.-Philip Habert, his brother, killed at the siege of Emmerich, in 1637, was also one of the first members of the Academy, and wrote The Temple of Death, a poem. There was also a celebrated doctor of the Sorbonne, Isaac Habert, who distinguished himself by several controversial works on Grace, in confutation of Jansenius, and by his Latin poetry. He was bishop of Vabres in 1645, and died in 1668.-Lewis Habert, another French ecclesiastic of note, and a doctor of the Sorbonne, was born in 1637, and died in 1718. He was author of a Complete Body of Divinity, in Latin, 7 vols. 12mo, 1700. HABICOT (Nicholas), a celebrated French surgeon, born at Bonny, in Gatinois, who acquired great reputation by his skill, and by his writings. He wrote a Treatise on the Plague, My riches are these poor habiliments, I shifted Shakspeare. Into a madman's rags, t' assume a semblance To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best company. Id. Those ancient problems of the spherical roundness of the earth, the being of antipodes, and of the habi tableness of the torrid zone, are abundantly demenstrated. Roy. As by the objective part of perfect happiness we understand that which is best and last, and to which all other things are to be referred; so by the formal part must be understood the best and last habitude of man toward that best object. Norris. It results from the very nature of things, as they stand in such a certain habitude, or relation to one Art is properly an habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims. Id. The last fatal step is, by frequent repetition of the sinful act, to continue and persist in it, 'till at length it settles into a fixed confirmed habit of sin; which, being that which the apostle calls the finishing of sin, ends certainly in death; death not only as to merit, but also as to actual infliction. Id. Habitual evils change not on a sudden But many days must pass and many sorrows. Rowe's Ulysses. There are among the statues several of Venus, in different habits. Addison on Italy. Thy ear, inured to charitable sounds, Prior. Rocks and mountains, which in the first ages were high and craggy, and consequently then inconvenient for habitation, were by continual deterration brought to a lower pitch. Woodward. Internal graces and qualities of mind sanctify our natures, and render us habitually holy, Atterbury The force of education is so great, that we may mould the minds and manners of the young into what shape we please, and give the impressions of such habits, as shall ever afterwards remain. Id. Such as live in a rarer air are habituated to the exercise of a greater muscular strength. Arbuthnot. Powers celestial to each other's view Pope. HABINGTON (William), an English poet and historian, was the son of Thomas Habington, esq. He was born in 1605, at Hendlip, in Worcestershire; and educated at St. Omer's. He died in 1654, and left several MSS. in the hands of his son. His printed works are, 1. Poems under the title of Castura. 2. The Queen of Arragon, a tragi-comedy. 3. Observations upon History. 4. The History of Edward IV. king of England, written in a very florid style, and published at the desire of Charles I. HABIT is particularly used for the uniform garments of the religious, conformable to the rule and order whereof they make profession: as the habit of St. Benedict, of St. Augustine, &c. In this sense we say absolutely, such a person has taken the habit; meaning he has entered upon a noviciate in a certain order. So he is said to quit the habit, when he renounces the order. See Vow. The habits of the several religious are not supposed to have been calculated for singularity or novelty: the founders of the orders, who were at first inhabitants of deserts and solitudes, gave their monks the habits usual among the country people. Accordingly the primitive habits of St. Anthony, St. Hilarion, St. Benedict, &c., are described by the ancient writers as consisting chiefly of sheep skins, the common dress of the peasants of that time. The orders established in and about cities and inhabited places took the habit worn by other ecclesiastics at the time of their institution. What makes them differ so much from each other, as well as from the ecclesiastical habit of the present times, is, that they have always kept invariably to the same form; whereas the ecclesiastics and laics have been changing their mode on every occasion. HA'BNAB, adv. Hap ne hap, or nap; as would nould, or ne would: will, nill, or ne will; that is, let it happen or not. At random; at the mercy of chance; without any rule or certainty of effect. He circles draws and squares, Hudibras. It HACHA, a town, province, and river of Granada, South America. The province was formerly of considerable extent, but is now much reduced, being only eight leagues in length from north to south, and four wide east and west. has the Atlantic Ocean on the north, and Lake Maracaibo on the east. The river, which runs from south to north, was once famous for its pearl fisheries. It enters the Atlantic Ocean in lat. 11° 31' 30" N., and at the mouth stands the town of this name. HACK, v. a. Sax. paccan; Dut..hacken; Fr. hacher, from Sax. acare an axe. To cut into small pieces; to chop; to cut slightly with frequent blows; to mangle with unskilful blows. It bears commonly some notion of contempt or malignity; to speak with hesitation. It nedeth not you more to tellen (To maken you to long to dwellen) Chaucer. House of Fame. What a slave art thou, to hack thy sword as thou hast done, and say it was in fight? Shakspeare. Richard the Second here was hacked to death. Id. I'll fight 'till from my bones my flesh be hackt. Id. Disarm them, and let them question; let them keep their limbs whole, and hack our English. One flourishing branch of his most royal root Is hackt down, and his summer leaves all faded, By Envy's hand, and Murder's bloody axe. Id. Id. HACK, v. n. Southern's Loyal Brothers. Welsh, hacknai; HACKNEY, n. s. & v. a. Teut. hacheneye; Fr. HACQUETON, n. s. Shaquenee; old' Fr. haquat. To hackney; to become common; to prostitute: hackney, a hired horse; a prostitute; a hireling; any thing let out for hire: hacqueton, a piece of armour. His hakeney, which that was al pomeleegris, Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes. Id. The Rime of Sire Thopas. You may see the very fashion of the Irish horseman in his long hose, riding shoes of costly cordwain, his hacqueton, and his habergeon. Spenser. He is long hackneyed in the ways of men. Thy coach of hackney, whisky, one horse chair. Byron. Childe Harold. HACKET (John), bishop of Litchfield and Coventry, was born in 1592. In 1623 he was made chaplain to James I. and prebendary of Lincoln, and obtained several other promotions, but lost them during the commotions of 1645. He then lived retired at Cheam until the Restoration, when he recovered his preferments. In 1661 Charles II. made him bishop of Litchfield and Coventry. Finding the cathedral almost battered to the ground, he in eight years finished a church superior to the former, towards which ne himself contributed £20,000. He also laid out £1000 on a prebendal house. He died in Suffolk first died, and York all haggled o'er, Take the hackle of a cock or capon's neck, or a plover's top: take off one side of the feather, and then take the hackle silk, gold or silver thread, and make Walton. these fast at the bent of the hook. HACKNEY, in geography, is the name of a very extensive and thickly populated parish, in the vicinity of London, in the hundred of Ossulton, Middlesex. It comprises several hamlets, amongst which are Upper and Lower Clapton on the north, Dalston, Shacklewell, and Kingsland on the west, and Homerton on the east. The old parish church of St. John's, of which but the tower now remains, was a fine Gothic edifice, built in the reign of Edward 11. The new one, a fine modern structure on a larger scale, was begun in 1792, agreeably to an act of parliament; but the steeple was not erected till 1814, and, being found too light and weak to bear the fine peal of bells belonging to the church, the old tower was left standing, and in it the bells are now rung. In Wellsstreet is a new and handsome chapel of ease, erected on a piece of ground given by the Rev. Mr. Norris, after the design of Mr. J. Savage. Brooke House, now a receptacle for lunatics, was formerly the seat of the noble family whose name it bears; St. John's palace, an ancient house in Wells-street, now let out in small tenements, is believed to have been the residence of the prior of the order of St. John of Jerusalem; and south of Lea-bridge, in this parish, are the Temple mills, once the property of the knights templars, but now used as lead and corn mills, and to raise water for the supply of Clapton and Homerton. At the bottom of Hackney marsh, through which runs the river Lea, have been discovered some remains of an ancient and extensive stone causeway, which appears, from the coins found here, to have been one of the Roman highways through the island. The vicarage is valued at £20, and the rectory valued at £26 is a sinecure. HACKNEY COACHES are said to derive their name from many of the Londoners, in the seventeenth century, residing at Hackney, and, in consequence, often hiring coaches and horses: in time, therefore, hired coaches in general became so called. These first began regularly to ply under this name in London in 1625, when they were only twenty in number; and in 1635 they werc so much increased, that king Charles I. issued out an order of council to restrain them. In 1637 he allowed fifty hackney coachmen, each of whom might keep twelve horses. In 1652 their number was limited to 200; and in 1654 it was extended to 300. In 1661 400 were licensed, at £5 each annually. In 1694 700 were allowed, and taxed by the 5 & 6 of, W. & M. at £4 ayear each. By 9 Anne, c. 23, 800 coaches were allowed in London and Westminster; but by 8 Geo. III., cap. 24, the number was increased to 1000, which are licensed by commissioners, and pay a duty of 5s. per week. They have been more lately increased to 1200. Hackney coachmen refusing to go at, or exacting more than, their limited hire, are subject to a forfeit of from 10s. to £3, which the commissioners have power to determine. Every hackney coach must have check strings, and every coachman lying without them incurs a penalty of 5s. The drivers must give way to persons of quality and gentlemen's coaches, under the penalty of £5. The duty arising from licenses to hackney coaches and chairs, in London, forms a branch of the king's perpetual revenue, governed by commissioners, and is a public benefit; as the expense of it is not felt, and its regulations have established a competent jurisdiction, whereby a very refractory race of men are kept in order. As tables of hackney coach fares and regulations may be had at every respectable stationer's it will be needless to give any further account of them. HACQUET (Balthasar), an eminent naturalist, was born at Conquet, in Brittany, in 1740. He left France while young for Austria, and became professor of surgery at the Lyceum of Laybach, in Carniola, and perpetual secretary of the Imperial Society of Agriculture and the Arts. In 1788 the emperor of Germany made him professor of natural history at the University of Lemberg, and member of the council of mines at Vienna. He died in 1815. Besides Travels in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains, and a number of memoirs in periodical works, he was the author of Oryctographia Carniolica, er, the Physical Geography of Carniola, Istria, and parts of the neighbouring countries, Leipsic, 1778-1789, 4 vols. 4to. HAD. The pret. and part. pass. of HAVE, which see. I had better, you had better, &c., means the same as, it would be better for me or you; or it would be more eligible; it is always used potentially, not indicatively: nor is have ever used to that import. We say likewise, it had been better or worse. For, certes our Lord Jesu Crist hath spared us so benignely in our follies; that if he ne had pitee on mannes soule, a sory song might we alle sing.. Chaucer. The Persones Tale. I had rather be a country servant maid, Shakspeare. Had we not better leave this Utica, To arm Numidia in our cause? Addison's Cato. HADDINGTON, an ancient borough in a parish of the same name in East Lothian which joins with Jedburgh, Dunbar, Lauder, and North Berwick, in sending a member to parliament. It consists of four streets, which intersect each other nearly at right angles. It is governed by a provost, three bailies, dean of guild, treasurer, twelve councillors, and seven deacons. It was the birth-place of J. Knox, the celebrated reformer. Before the Reformation it had an abbey, now in ruins, founded in 1178 by Ada, mother of king Malcolm IV., and William I. of Scotland. It has a manufacture of coarse woollens, two fairs, and a weekly market, the greatest in Scotland for grain. It is seventeen miles east of Edinburgh. HAD'DOCK, n. s. the cod kind, but small. The coast is plentifully stored with pilchards, Carew. herrings, and haddocks. Fr. hadot. A sea fish of HADDOCK. See GADUS. HADDON (Dr. Walter) was born in 1516. He distinguished himself by writing a fine Latin style, which he acquired by a constant study of Cicero. He was a strenuous promoter of the Reformation under Edward VI., and succeeded bishop Gardiner in the mastership of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He concealed himself in Mary's reign; but acquired the favor of queen Elizabeth, who sent him one of the three agents to Bruges in 1566, to restore commerce between England and the Netherlands. He was also engaged with Sir John Cheke in drawing up in Latin The Code of Ecclesiastical Law, published in 1571 by the learned John Fox, under the title of Reformation legum Ecclesiasticarum; his other works are published under the title of Lucubrations. He died in 1572. HADELN, a fertile district of Hanover, at the mouth of the Elbe, forming a part of the province of Bremen. It has on its confines the Elbe, and the territory of Hamburgh, and has an area of about 126 square miles. Population 16,000. HADERSLEBEN, a district of Danish Sleswick, 680 square miles in extent, and containing 35,000 inhabitants. The number of parishes is sixty. HADERSLEBEN, a town of the above district, situated on a bay of the Little Belt. Population 3200. It has a harbour for sinall vessels, and some trade; but the principal means of its supTwenty-four port is the passage to Funen. miles east of Ribe. HADES, sometimes signifies the invisible regions of the dead, sometimes the place of the damned, and sometimes the grave. In Greek authors it signifies the regions of the dead. See HELL. HADLEY, a town of Suffolk, seated on the Preston. It has a handsome church, a chapel of ease, and a Presbyterian meeting-house. Large quantities of yarn are spun for the Norwich manufacture. On the top of the steeple, which affords a fine view of Essex, there is an iron pot originally placed there as a beacon. HADRÁMAUT, a province of Arabia, occupying the southern coast upon the Indian Ocean, from Yemen to Ommon. Many of the hilly districts are fertile, and this, along with the province of Yemen, formed the Arabia Felix of the ancients. Since trade has flowed in other directions, Hadramaut has fallen into a state of great decline. It continues, however, to export frankincense, gum-arabic, dragon's blood, myrrh, HÆMANTHUS, the blood-flower, a genus of the monogynia order, and hexandria class of plants: nat. order ninth, spathacer. Involucrum hexaphyllous and multiflorous: COR. sexpartite superior: berry trilocular. Species fourteen; the principal are, H. coccineus, with plain tongue-shaped leaves, rises about a foot high, with a stalk supporting a cluster of bright red tubulous flowers. It has a large bulbous root, from which in autumn come out two broad flat leaves of a fleshy consistence, shaped like a tongue, which turn backward on In the each side, and spread on the ground, so that they have a strange appearance all the winter spring these decay; so that from May to the beginning of August they are destitute of leaves. The flowers are produced in the autumn, just before the leaves come out. H. puniceus, with large spear-shaped waved leaves, grows about a foot high, and has flowers of a yellowish red color. These are suceeded by berries, which are of a beautiful red color when ripe. This species should be constantly kept in a dry stove. These plants are natives of the Cape of Good Hope, and do not propagate very fast in Europe, their roots seldom putting forth many off-sets. The best method of managing them is to have a bed of good earth in a bricked pit, where they may be covered with glasses, and in hard frost with mats and straw. The earth in the frame should be two feet deep, and the frame should rise two feet above the surface, to allow height for the flower-stems to grow. The roots should be planted nine or ten inches asunder; and in winter, if they are protected from frost, and not suffered to have too much wet, but in mild weather exposed to the air, they will flower every year, and the flowers will be much stronger than with any other management. HÆMATEMESIS, in medicine, from alua, blood, and usw, I vomit, signifies a vomiting of blood. The causes of hæmatemesis have been the subject of much speculation. The time of life in which it principally occurs, and the circumstance of being peculiar to the female sex, induced physicians to imagine that it was intimately connected with the menstrual flux, the suppression of which has generally been considered as the sole cause of the disease; it has been said to be a hæmorrhage vicarious of the menses. Dr. Cullen, after stating that a plethora in the vessels of the stomach, where there is a general plethoric state of the habit, although it might be supposed to give rise to hæmatemesis, is in fact not found |