O lost too soon in yonder house or hall. Pope. In hollow halls, with sparry roofs and cells, HALL (John), an English surgeon, who flourished in the reign of queen Elizabeth, at Maidstone in Kent. He was born in 1529, and published, 1. A Compendium of Anatomy; and, 2., A Collection of Hymns, with musical notes, in 1565: besides several tracts on medicine and surgery. HALL (John), a poet of distinguished learning, born in Durham, in 1627, and educated at Cambridge In 1646, when he was but nineteen years of age, he published his Hora Vacivæ, or Essays; and the same year appeared his Poems. He translated from the Greek, Hierocles upon the golden verses of Pythagoras; to which is prefixed an account of the translator and his works, by John Davies of Kidwelly. He also translated Longinus, and died in 1656, aged twenty-nine. HALL (Joseph), an eminent English prelate, born at Ashby de la Zouch, in 1574, and educated at Cambridge. He became professor of rhetoric in that university, and was made rector of Halsted, prebendary of Wolverhampton, dean of Worcester, bishop of Exeter, and lastly of Norwich. His works testify his zeal against popery, and are much esteemed. In July 1616 he attended lord Doncaster into France, and upon his return was appointed by king James one of the divines who should attend him into Scotland. In 1618 he was sent to the synod of Dort, and appointed to preach a Latin sermon before that Assembly. Being obliged to return before the synod broke up, on account of his health, he was by the states presented with a gold medal. He wrote, 1. Miscellaneous Epistles; 2. Mundus alter et idem; 3. A Just Censure of Travellers; 4. The Christian Seneca; 5. Satires, in six books; 6. A Century of Meditations; and many other works, which, besides the satires, make 5 vols. He died in 1656. HALL, in architecture. Vitruvius mentions three kinds of halls; the tetrastyle, with four columns supporting the platform or ceiling; the Corinthian, with columns all round let into the wall, and vaulted over; and the Egyptian, which had a peristyle of insulated Corinthian columns, bearing a second order with a ceiling. The hall is properly the finest as well as first member of an apartment: and in the houses of ministers of state, magistrates, &c., is the place where they despatch business, and give audience. In very magnificent buildings, where the hall is larger and loftier than ordinary, and placed in the middle of the house, it is called a saloon. The length of a hall should be at least twice and a quarter its breadth; and in great buildings, three times its breadth. The height may be two-thirds of the breadth; and, if made with an arched ceiling, it will be much handsomer, and less liable to accidents by fire. In this case, its height is found by dividing its breadth into six parts, five of which will be the height from the floor to the under side of the key of the arch. HALL, or SUABIAN HALL, a fortified town of Wirtemberg, the capital of the circle of the Jaxt, is beautifully situated on the Kocher. The town-house, the academy, and the church of St. Michael, are worthy of notice. It has two suburbs; and 5500 inhabitants, chiefly Lutherans, who derive their chief means of support from the brine springs, which produce annually from 70,000 to 80,000 cwt. of salt. Here was concluded, in 1610, a famous convention or union of the Protestant princes of the empire. Fourteen miles east of Lowenstein, and thirty northeast of Stutgard. Long. 9° 50′ E., lat. 49° 6 N. HALL IN INNTHAL, a town of the Tyrol, having a celebrated mint; but still more remarkable for its salt works, which produce annually above 270,000 cwt of salt. The salt, found in mines about four miles off, is dissolved in large pits; and the process of evaporation takes place in the town. Nine miles north-east of Inspruck, and forty-eight north of Brixen. HALLAND, a mountainous province of Sweden, in South Gothland, bounded by West Gothland, Smaland, Scania, and the Cattegat. Its superficial extent is about 1465 square miles, and its population 73,600. It is covered by large woods of oak and birch. HALLE, a large town of Prussia, in Saxony, government of Merseburg, standing on both sides of the Saale, over which it has five bridges. It is an irregular square, having several suburbs ; of which two, Glaucha and Neumarkt, are, strictly speaking, separate towns. The population, including these, amounts to 25,000. Here a military academy of ancient date was converted by the elector of Saxony, in 1699, into a university, which has always maintained a high reputation. In the Glaucha is the orphan hospital, and Canstein's establishment for printing, erected in 1712: this is said to have produced since that time nearly 1,000,000 of New Testaments, and 2,000,000 of Bibles. Here are two public libraries. Among the minor establishments are a cabinet of natural history and mechanics, and an apothecaries' hall, Halle has given birth to a great number of men of eminence, as Hoffmann, Unze, Michaelis, Nemeier, and Handel. It contains several buildings which, if not splendid, are remarkable--such as the red tower, which rises to a height of 260 feet, the church of St. Ulrick, and the hotel de ville, which contains the hospital. Of its castle only one wing now remains, used as a Calvinist church. The Luther ans have here seven parish churches, and the Jews a synagogue. The inhabitants have manufactures of woollens, stockings, silk, leather, buttons, hardware, &c.; but the principal is that of starch. In a valley between the town and the Saale is a celebrated salt spring, whose annual produce is 4000 tons: on the other side of the river is another, wrought by the government, which produces nearly 12,000 tons more. Pit coal is found in the neighbourhood. Halle, three days after the battle of Jena, was the scene of an obstinate conflict between the Prussians and French. Twenty-two miles south-east of Eisleben, twenty-two south-west of Dessau, and fifty-six south by east of Magdeburg. HALLEIN, a town in the duchy of Salzburg, on the Salze, belonging to Austria. It has manufactures of needles and cotton; and the salt works, which are carried on on account of the government, are of great importance: the quantity yearly sold being from 13,000 to 15,000 tons, worth about £120,000 sterling, of which the half is said to be clear profit. The salt is found in masses in the interior of a mountain called Durnberg, about four miles from the HALLELUJAH, OF ALLELUJAH, is a term of rejoicing, first introduced from the Jewish into the Christian church, by St. Jerome. It occurs in several of the Psalms, particularly from Ps. cxlv. to cl. For a considerable time it was only used once a year in the Latin church, viz. at Easter; but in the Greek church it was much more frequent. St. Jerome mentions its being sung at the interments of the dead, which still continues in that church, and on some occasions in Lent. Gregory the Great appointed it to be sung all the year round in the Latin church, which raised some complaints against him; as introducing the ceremonies of the Greek church into the Roman. But he excused himself by asserting that it had been the ancient usage of Rome, and introduced under pope Damasus. HALLER (Albert Van), an eminent physician, born at Bern on the 16th of October, 1708. He very early showed a great genius for literature; and his progress in his studies was rapid almost beyond belief. When other children were beginning only to read he was studying Bayle and Moreri; and at nine he was able to translate Greek, and beginning to study Hebrew. His education was interrupted by the death of his father, when he was in his thirteenth year. After this he was sent to the public school at Bern, where he was not only distinguished for his knowledge in Greek and Latin, but also for his poetical genius. His poetical essays, published in the German language, were read and admired throughout the empire. In his sixteenth year he began to 'study medicine at Tubingen, under Duvernoy and Camerarius; and continued there for two years, when the great reputation of Boerhaave drew him to Leyden. Ruysch was also still alive, and Albinus was rising into fame. Animated by such examples, he spent all the day and great part of the night in the most intense study; and the proficiency which he made gained him the universal esteem both of his teachers and fellow students. From Holland, in 1727, he came to England, where he was honored with the friendship of Douglas, Cheselden, and Sir Hans, Sloane, P. R. S. He next went to France; where, under Winslow and Le Dran, he had new opportunities of prosecuting the study of anatomy. But his zeal was greater than popular prejudice, even in the enlightened city of Paris, could tolerate. An information being lodged against him for dissecting dead bodies, he was obliged to make a precipitate retreat to Basil, where he became pupil to the celebrated Bernouilli. Thus improved by the most distinguished teachers of that period, and endued with uncommon natural abilities, he returned to Bern in his twenty-sixth year, where he stood candidate first for the office of physician to an hospital, and afterwards for a professorship. But he was disappointed in both; and it was even with difficulty that he obtained the appointment of keeper of a public library at Bern. This, though by no means suited to his great abilities, afforded him an opportunity for that extensive reading by which he has been so justly distinguished. The neglect of his merit neither diminished his ardor for medical pursuits, nor detracted from his reputation at home or abroad. Soon after he was nominated a professor in the university of Gottingen, by king George II. The duties of this important office he discharged, with honor to himself and advantage to the public, for seventeen years. Nor was it long necessary for him, in this arduous undertaking, to labor alone. The example of the preceptor was followed by his pupils. Zinn, Zimmerman, Caldani, and many others, labored to prosecute and to perfect the discoveries of their great master. Nor were the labors of Dr. Haller, during his residence at Gottingen, confined to one department of science. To him the Anatomical The-. atre, the School of Midwifery, the Chirurgical Society, and Royal Academy of Sciences at Gottingen, owe their origin. Such distinguished merit could not fail to meet with a suitable reward. King George II. not only honored him with every mark of attention himself, but procured him letters of nobility from the emperor. On the death of Dillenius he had an offer of the professorship of botany at Oxford; the states of Holland invited him to the chair of the younger Albinus, and the king of Prussia was anxious that he should be the successor of Maupertuis at Berlin. Marshal Keith wrote to him in the name of his sovereign, offering him the chancellorship of the, university of Halle. Count Orlow invited him to Russia, in the name of the empress, offering him a distinguished place at St. Petersburgh. The king of Sweden conferred on him an unsolicited honor, by raising him to the rank of knight of the polar star; and the emperor of Germany honored him with a personal visit. He continued, Having had the lieutenant tried and cashiered, he sailed a second time in September following, with the same ship and another of less bulk, of which he had also the command. He now traversed the vast Atlantic from one hemisphere to the other as far as the ice would permit him: and having made observations at St. Helena, Brasil, Cape Verd, Barbadoes, the Madeiras, the Canaries, the coast of Barbary, and many other latitudes, arrived in September 1700; and published a general chart, in 1701, showing at one view the variation of the compass in all those places. Captain Halley had been at home little more than half a year, when he was sent by the king, to observe the course of the tides, with the longitude and latitude of the principal head-lands in the British channel; which having executed, with his usual accuracy, he published a large map of the channel. Soon after the emperor of Germany resolving to make a convenient harbour for shipping in the Adriatic, captain Halley was sent by queen Anne to view the two ports on the coast of Dalmatia. He embarked on the 22nd of November 1702; passed HALLERIA, in botany, African fly-honey- over to Holland; and, going through Germary suckle, a genus of the angiospermia order, and to Vienne, he proceeded to Istria; but the didynamia class of plants; natural order fortieth, Dutch opposing the design it was laid aside. personata: CAL. trifid: COR. quadrifid; the fila- The emperor made him a present of a rich diaments longer than the corolla; the berry inferior mond ring from his finger, and honored him and bilocular. Species two only; natives of the with a letter of recommendation, written with Cape. his own hand, to queen Anne. Soon after his HALLEY (Dr. Edmund), an eminent astro-eturn, he was sent again on the same business; nomer, was the only son of a soap-boiler in London, and was born in 1656. He first studied the languages and sciences, but at length devoted himself entirely to astronomy. In 1676 he went to the island of St. Helena to complete the catalogue of fixed stars, by the addition of those which lie near the south pole; and having delineated a planisphere, on which he laid them all down in their exact places, he returned to England in 1678. In 1680 he took a tour through Europe, accompanied by the celebrated Mr. Nelson. Between Calais and Paris he obtained a view of the famous comet in its return from the sun. He had in November before seen it in its descent; and now hastened to complete his observations upon it from the royal observatory of France. His design in this part of his tour was to settle a correspondence between the royal astronomers of Greenwich and Paris; and to improve himself under the great Cassini. He went thence to Italy, where he spent great part of 1681; but he soon after returned to England. In 1683 he published his Theory of the Variation of the Magnetical Compass; in which he supposes the globe to be a great magnet, with four magnetical poles, or points of attraction; but afterwards, thinking that this theory was liable to great exceptions, he procured an application to be made to king William, who appointed him commander of the Paramour Pink, with orders to seek by observations the discovery of the rule of variations, and to lay down the longitudes and latitudes of his majesty's settlements in America. He set out on this attempt on the 24th of November 1698; but having crossed the line his men grew sickly; and, his lieutenant mutinying, he returned home in June 1699. when passing through Hanover, he supped with the electoral prince, afterwards king George I., and his sister the queen of Prussia. On his arrival at Vienne, he was the same evening presented to the emperor, who sent his chief engineer to attend him to Istria, where they repaired and added new fortifications to those of Trieste. Mr. Halley returned to England in 1703; was made professor of geometry in the university of Oxford, and received the degree of LL.D. He was scarcely settled at Oxford, when he began to translate into Latin, from the Arabic, Apollonius De Sectione Rationis; and to restore Apollonius's hooks De Sectione Spatii, from the account given of them by Pappius; and he published the whole work in 1706. Afterwards he had a share in preparing for the press Apollonius's Conics, and ventured to supply the whole eighth book, the original of which is lost. He likewise added Serenus on the section of the cylinder and cone, printed from the original Greek, with a Latin translation, and published the whole in folio. In 1713 he was made secretary of the Royal Society; in 1720 king's astronomer at the royal observatory at Greenwich; and, in 1729, a member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris. He died at Greenwich in 1742. His principal works are, 1. Catalogus Stellarum Australium. 2. Tabula Astronomica. 3. An Abridgment of the Astronomy of Comets, &c. HALLIARDS, corrupted from haul and yard, the ropes or tackles usually employed to hoist or lower any sail upon its respective mast or stay. See JEARS. HALLIFAX (Samuel), a learned English bishop, born at Chesterfield, in 1730, and educated at Cambridge, where he was regius profes sor of civil law. In 1781 he was made bishop of Gloucester, and 1789 bishop of St. Asaph. He published an Analysis of Civil Law, and Sermons on the Prophecies. He died in 1790, aged sixty. HALLOO, interj., v. a., & v. n. The original of this word is controverted; some imagine it corrupted from à lui, to him! others from allons, let us go! and Skinner from haler, to draw.Johnson. A word of encouragement when dogs are let loose on their game. Fr. haler des chiens. To cry aloud, either in contempt or by way of cheering and encouragement; to cry after dogs, or hounds; to chase with shouts. To HA'LLOW, v. a. Sax. palgian, þalig, holy. To consecrate; to make holy; to reverence as holy, thus we say 'hallowed be thy name.' When we sanctify or hallow churches, it is only to testify that we make them places of publick resort; that we invest God himself with them, and that we sever them from common uses. Hooker. It cannot be endured to hear a man profess that he putteth fire to his neighbour's house, but yet so halloweth the same with prayer, that he hopeth it shall not burn. Id. Dryden. No satyr lurks within this hallowed ground; But, swain forsworn! whoe'er thou art, Tickel. Colin and Luy. The Sabbath comes, a day of blessed rest; What hallows it upon this Christian shore? Lo! it is sacred to a solemn feast. Byron. Childe Harold. HALLUCINATION, n. s. Lat. hallucinatio. Error; blunder; mistake; folly. A wasting of flesh, without cause, is frequently termed a bewitched disease; but questionless a mere hallucination of the vulgar. Harvey. This must have been the hallucination of the transcriber, who probably mistook the dash of the I for a T. HALM, n. s. Sax. þealm. nounced HAWм; which see. Addison. Straw: pro HALMOTE, or HALIMOTE, is the same with Court Baron, the word implying a meeting of the tenants of the same hall or manor. The name is still retained at Luston, and other places in Herefordshire. See Court. J. Iladdon, Printer, Finsbury. END OF VOL. X. |