bers the scale varies with the different units of measure, while in simple numbers it is uniformly 10.

TABLES OF DENOMINATE NUMBERS

111. Liquid measure is used in measuring liquids. The standard unit of liquid measure is the gallon, containing 231 cubic inches.

The barrel of 31

gal. is used in estimating capacity of tanks, etc.; but in business use the barrel is not a fixed measure.

112. Dry measure is used in measuring fruit, grain, vegetables, etc. The standard unit of dry measure is the bushel, containing 2150.42 cu. in.

In measuring small seeds, grain, sand, etc., the measure is "stricken," that is, made even across the top with the top of the measure used. This is the standard bushel of 2150.42 cu. in., being the same as the British Winchester bushel, and adopted by the United States government, in 1836, as our standard unit for dry measure.

In measuring coarse vegetables, like potatoes, apples, etc., and other large objects, the bushel is. heaped, or rounded, on top.

The heaped bushel should contain 2747.7167 cu. in.; but in practice a heaped bushel is estimated to contain 1 stricken bushels. The bushel now used in Great Britain contains 2218.192 cu. in. and is called the imperial bushel in commerce.

The quart of dry measure is larger than the quart of liquid measure.

2150.42 cu. in. ÷ 32 67.2 cu. in. in dry quarts.

=

231 cu. in. ÷ 4 = 57.75 cu. in. in liquid quarts. The standard units of measure in common use in this country were adopted by the United States government in 1836, and complete sets of all weights and measures were delivered at that time by the United States government to the governor

of each state in the Union. State Sealers of Weights and Measures furnish standard sets of weights and measures to towns and cities. The Metric System of weights and measures is used in international dealings, and in scientific work. It has been legalized for use in the United States, but has not come into general use. It is used by nearly all countries except Great Britain and the United States.

Exercises in Measures of Capacity

113. 1. Reduce 8 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. to pints. Convenient form: 8 gal. (4) 3 qt. (2) 1 pt.

2. 6 bu. 3 pk. 2 qt. to quarts.

3. Find the cost at 5 a quart of 3 pk. 6 qt. of chestnuts.

4. How many pints in 4 gal. 1 qt. ?

5. 3 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt.

=

pints.

qt.

7. Change 1235 pints to quarts and gallons.

=

1235 pints (1235÷ 2) quarts = 617 qt. + 1 pt. Ans. 1235 pints = 154 gal. 1 qt. 1 pt.

Prove the answer by reducing 154 gal. 1 qt. 1 pt. to pints.

8. Reduce 1620 pints to quarts, pecks, and

1620 pints = 25 bu. 1 pk. 2 qt. 0 pt. Ans.

pt.

10. Reduce 15 gal. 1 qt. to pints.

11. Reduce 7 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. to pints.
12. Reduce 28 bu. 3 pk. 5 qt. to quarts.
13. Reduce 127 pints to gallons, etc.

14. A milk dealer sold 23 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. of milk in pint bottles. How many bottles did he use?

15. Add 16 bu. 3 pk. 5 qt., 18 bu. 1 pk. 7 qt., 24 bu. 1 pk. 3 qt.

16. From 7 gal. 1 qt. subtract 3 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt.

7 gal. (4) 1 qt. (2) 0 pt.

17. Add 5 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt., 2 gal. 1 qt., 4 gal. 1 qt. 1 pt., and 3 qt. 1 pt.

18. From 12 bu. 1 pk. 6 qt. subtract 8 bu. 2 pk. 7 qt.

19. Multiply 3 bu. 2 pk. 5 qt. by 6.

3 bu. (4) 2 pk. (8) 5 qt.

21 bu. 3 pk.

× 6

6 qt. Ans.

20. Multiply 4 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. by 8. 21. Multiply 16 bu. 3 pk. 6 qt. by 9.

22. Divide 4 bu. 2 pk. 5 qt. 1 pt. by 2.

2 bu.
1 pk.
2 qt.
2)4 bu. (4) 2 pk. (8) 5 qt. (2)

23. Divide 28 gal. 2 qt. 1 pt. by 5.

24. Divide 3 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. by 6. 25. Divide 5 bu. 3 pk. 6 qt. by 8.

26. Divide 132 bu. 1 pk. by 46.

3 pk.

11 pt. Ans.

1 pt.

2 bu.

4 qt. Ans.

27. Divide 8 gal. 2 qt. by 3 gal. 1 qt.