or 28. Divide 56 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. by 48. DENOMINATE FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 114. 1. Change 3 bu. to lower denominations. = bu. of 4 pk. = 1 pk. pk.of 8 qt. = 4 qt. bu.1 pk. 4 qt. Ans. 2. Change pt. to fraction of a gallon. 3. Change .7 gal. to lower denominations. .7 gal..7 of 4 qt. = 2.8 qt. .7 gal. 2 qt. 1.6 pt. Ans. 4. Change 25 qt. to decimal of a bushel. 25 qt. = 25 times 1 pk. = 3.125 pk. 3.125 pk. 3.125 times 1 bu. = .78125 bu. 25 qt.=.78125 bu. Ans. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 115. Linear measure is used in measuring lengths and distances. The standard unit of linear measure is the yard. TABLE FOR LINEAR MEASURE The imperial standard yard of Great Britain, based upon the length of a vibrating pendulum, has been the standard in this country until recently, and is still used in some sections. In 1893 the United States Government standard yard of 3999 meters was adopted for official use. The two standards are practically the same. 3937 The unit of measure of the rod is passing away, except for the measurement of large land areas. It is little used in cities, distances being given in miles, yards, and feet. 116. Avoirdupois weight is used for all ordinary purposes of weighing. The standard unit is the pound, formerly based upon the Troy pound of the mint, but recently fixed for official use as 1 2.2046 kilograms. TABLES FOR AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT 16 ounces (oz.) = 1 pound (lb.) 2000 pounds = 1 ton (T.) For comparison with other weights, the pound avoirdupois is fixed as 7000 grains. Troy and apothecaries' pounds each contain 5760 such grains. The following denominations are sometimes used. 14 lb. 1 stone. = 200 lb. beef or pork = 1 barrel. The weight per bushel varies in different states of the Union. In general it is as follows: 117. Troy weight is used for weighing gold, sil ver, and jewels. The unit is the pound. TABLE FOR TROY WEIGHT 24 grains (gr.) = 1 pennyweight (pwt.) 12 ounces =1 pound (lb.) In weighing diamonds and pearls the carat is often used as the unit. The carat is equal to 3.168 grains, Troy. The term "carat" is also used to express the proportion of gold and alloy in gold rings, watch cases, etc. 24 parts is used as the standard, 18 carats meaning 14 gold.. 118. 60 seconds (sec.) = 1 minute (min.) MEASURES OF TIME In business computations 30 days are often considered 1 month, and 12 such months or 360 days year. 1 The common year contains 52 weeks and 1 day. The exact year contains 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 49.7 seconds, which is very nearly 3651 days. We allow 365 days for a year, and add one more day for the leap year each fourth year. Further adjustment is made at the end of the century. Centennial years not divisible by 400 are not leap years. The civil day begins and ends at midnight. The civil year begins January 1 and ends December 31. "Thirty days have September, April, June, and November." The other months, except February, have 31 days. February has 28 days in ordinary years and 29 days in leap years. 119. Angular space and arcs of circles are measured in circular or angular measure. The unit is 30 part of the space about a point on a flat surface, or part of the circumference of a circle. This unit is called a degree. TABLE OF CIRCULAR OR ANGULAR MEASURE 60 seconds (")=1 minute (') Paper is generally sold in large quantities by the 100, 500, or 1000 sheets, or by the pound. |