2. The Minuend is the number from which another number is to be subtracted. 3. The Subtrahend is the number to be subtracted. 4. The Remainder or Difference is the result obtained. 5. The Sign of Subtraction is a short horizontal line (-) called minus (less); it is placed between the two numbers to be subtracted, and shows that the one after it is to be subtracted from the one before it. 11 - 7 = 4, is read, "11 minus 7 equals 4." 1174, being an expression of equality, is called what? PRINCIPLES. 1. The minuend and subtrahend must be like numbers. 2. The sum of the subtrahend and remainder equals the minuend. 1. A boy solved 12 examples on Monday and 15 on Tuesday. How many more did he solve on Tuesday than on Monday? 2. Mr. A. had 20 sheep, but sold 10. left? How many were 3. Henry had 50 apples; he gave 30 of them to Charles. How many had he left? 4. A merchant had 19 metres of cloth and sold 8 metres. How many metres had he left? 5. John had 28 cents, but gave 8 to James. How many remained? 6. Jenkins is 80 years old and his son is 50. How much older is Jenkins than his son? 7. Seventeen criminals escaped from a jail, but 8 of them were caught. How many secured freedom? 8. A boy gathered 13 quarts of berries and sold 4 quarts. How many did he keep? 9. A girl who had 20 cents bought nuts for 8 cents. How much money remained? 10. If you should buy a cow for $20 and sell her for $30, how much would you gain? 11. How much would I lose if I bought a wagon for $45 and sold it for $25? 12. If $1.00 is the minuend and 75 cents the subtrahend, what is the remainder? 13. If 75 cents is the subtrahend and 25 cents the remainder, what is the minuend? 14. What is the second principle of subtraction? 15. I am now 58 years old. ago? How old was I 15 years 16. A librarian loaned 21 books; all were novels but 8. How many were novels? 17. 58 men joined the army; only 23 returned home. How many were unable to return? 18. The United States flag displays 45 stars; originally What has been the increase? but 13. 23. Count by 6's from 90 to 60; from 60 to 12. All the figures of the minuend may be of greater value than the corresponding figures of the subtrahend; and one or more figures of the minuend may have less Figures of the Minuend All of Greater Value. WRITTEN EXERCISES. 1. From 978 take 534. Process. Minuend 978 4 units 4 units; dreds 4 hundreds. Explanation. Since the unit of the numbers is simply one without name, the numbers are like and their difference may be found. We write units of the same order in the same column, and, beginning on the right, say 8 units 7 tens 3 tens 4 tens; 9 hundreds Hence, the remainder is 444. Proof. 444 + 534 = 978. Repeat the two principles of subtraction. Are the numbers, then, like or unlike? Can their difference be found? 2. Subtract and prove the following: 5 hun 1. A farm is worth $896, and a house is worth $194. How much more is the farm worth than the house? NOTE.-Indicate all processes, thus: $896 - $194 dollars required. 2. A boy had $1.50; he bought a book for 50 cents. How much money had he left? 3. A woman went to market with a 5-dollar bill; on her return she had a 2-dollar bill and 50 cents change. How much had she spent? 4. A man bought 9893 bricks, but used only 6473. How many had he left? 5. Gold was discovered in California in 1848. How long ago? 6. Lucifer matches were first made by machinery in 1850. How long ago was that? 7. I bought a farm for $4796.30 and sold it for $4897.50. How much did I gain? 8. A clerk earned in a year $998.45 and spent $746.30. How much did he save? 9. A brigade going into battle numbered 6975 men; after the battle only 3844 responded at roll-call. How many had the battle removed? |