VOL. II. 8vo. London, 1733.

Pref. p. x. "To which it is exposed."The author has here, and in his preface to the former volume, confounded together two things very distinct and different, a test for the security of the establishment, and the sacramental test, enjoined for that purpose. I think a test absolutely necessary for the security of the established religion, where there are diversities of sects in the state and I think the sacramental test the very worst that could have been chosen for that purpose, because it is both evaded and profaned.

P. xi. "And penalties for not doing it."-Most certainly.

Ch. i. p. 3. "In the years 1581 and 1590."-A fair historian would here have acquainted us with the villainous and tyrannical usage of the kirk of Scotland to their King, of which the Scotch historians of that time are full; and by which we should have seen the high provocation they had given him, and how natural it was for him to return their usage, when he had once emancipated himself from them: The King himself hints at this, p. 19.

P. 19. "Pray let that alone."-Sancho Pancha never made a better speech, nor more to the purpose, during his government.

P. 78. “Which he prophesyed."-How would the historian have us understand this? As a true prophecy to be fulfilled, or a false prophet confuted?

Ch. ii. p. 101. "No certain proof of it."-This is abominable. There was no proof at all. He was suspected indeed to have been poisoned, nobody knows by whom, because no prince dies untimely without that suspicion.

P. 107. "Received in their room."-It could never be a bad exchange which set aside the nine horrid articles of Lambeth,

Ibid." A national reformation." In other words, when the Puritans had long laboured in vain for an establishment, they would now be thankful for à toleration.

CC 2

They

They had no just pretence to the first, and it was unjust to deny them the latter: But he who asks too much is often in danger of losing his due.

P. 115. Unexceptionable manner."-But our historian forgets to tell us what Mr. Hales said upon the sum of things; i. e. when he had heard the great Episcopius make his celebrated defence, he, from that moment, bade John Calvin good night.

P. 118, "Nothing here than Scripture, reason, and fathers."-This was said ironically.

P. 120. "Turned their task-masters out of the kingdom."--Soon after they used their interest to this purpose, and I believe they began to use it as soon as ever they got it.

P. 121. "Raised up by this treatise."-Where was the storm, except in this fanciful author's standish, when Selden taught the clergy to raise their parsonage-barns on the sure foundation of law; which before they had foolishly placed upon crutches, the feeble prop of an imaginary divine right?

P. 125. "Two religions established by law."--This is a mistake, and the fancy of two established religions in one state, an absurdity. The case was this: part of the Bohemians before the Reformation held the necessity of communicating under both kinds; these were the Hussites. This privilege was granted them; and these were called the sub utraque, and the rest sub und. But these were not two religions, but one ouly-administer- ` ing a single rite differently. After the Reformation, the Hussites became Protestants,, i. e. of a different religion from the sub und part: but then they were no longer an established church, but a tolerated one only.

P. 126. " Rejoiced at this providence."-Just such a providence as the long Parliament as the long Parliament depriving Charles the First of his crown, and setting up a republic.

P. 144. "Lost both his crown and life."-This is an utter calumuy: a coalition of the two churches was never in the King's thoughts; happy for him, if he never had worse; what he aimed at, was arbitrary power. Had he given his Parliaments satisfaction in that point, Le might have reduced the Puritans to a lower condition,

than

than ever they were in, in the time of Elizabeth. The cry of popery was the address of those who were only struggling for civil liberty, as believing (in which they were inistaken) that the real danger of civil liberty was not of force enough to draw in the people to their side, without possessing them with fears from the imaginary danger of popery.

P. 147.

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Harsnet."-Was a man of the greatest learning and parts of his time.

P. 148. "To the mother than to the Son of God." *This is a vile perversion of facts. Gondamer's words were more devotion to the mother, than the son; meaning Buckingham's mother, who carried on the traffic of preferments for her son, and consequently had a much greater levée. So this, we see, was a mere profane. joke of Gondamer's, speaking of court corruption under the terms of religion. Now here comes an historian, who by adding the words, of God, inakes Gondamer give testimony to the growth of popery. But could he really believe that one Episcopal clergyman of this time ever prayed to the mother of God?

† Of God, should be erased. The mother meant, was Buckingham's, who, being a violent Papist, and yet having the disposal of preferments, gave Gondainer hopes of the re-establishment of popery by advancing its friends.

Ibid. Upon their principles."-If he means the principles which Laud followed in the administration of church affairs, it is nothing to the purpose. If he means the principles Laud advanced in that conference, he knows not what he says; they were unanswerable.

P. 149.

"Selden says of the clergy of these times.” Here is another of the historian's arts. Selden speaks of the Puritan clergy: Yet by the terms here used, the reader would naturally imagine that Selden spoke of the Episcopal clergy.

Ch. iii. p. 156. "Attorney General Noy."--Could a fair historian have any more omitted telling his reader that Nor was a great lawyer, than, if he spoke of Bacon, to acknowledge his great talents for philosophy?

P. 178. More likely, &c. reputation depended." Too absurd to be confuted. The circumstance of sending home the Queen's domestics might have shewn him the folly of his conjecture. Buckingham makes a war to disgust the Parliament, and sends home the Queen's domestics to please them.

P. 185. Accessary to all the abominations of popery."-From so silly a sophisin, so gravely delivered, I conclude, Usher was not that great man, he has been represented.

Ch. iv. p. 209. "And reverend aspect."-Here the historian was much at a loss for his Confessor's good qualities, while he is forced to take up with his grace and recerend aspect.

P. 232. Should be cancelled."-Had Laud done nothing worse, than to prosecute this factious and illegal scheme, he might have passed both for a good subject and a prudent prelate.

Ch. v. p. 257. “Filled with so much learning," &c. It is written also with much wit and humour, which Lord Clarendon calls levity. It might be so in a subject of importance: but on so trifling a question, wit and' humour was in its place. But is it not something odd, that this historian should represent it as a trifling question, after he had made surplices, hoods, and square caps, a matter of such importance, that the whole kingdom was to be set in a flame, rather than to comply. with them?

P. 272. "That God would forgive Queen Elizabeth' her sins."-This is an unfair representation-They were the sins of persecuting the holy discipline which he prayed for the remission of; and that reflecting on her administration was the thing which gave offence.

P. 289. "I can do no more."-Had he been content to do nothing, the church had stood. Suppose him to have been an honest man and sincere, which I think must be granted, it will follow that he knew nothing of the constitution either of civil or religious society; and was as poor a churchman as he was a politician.

P. 290. "Awakening preachers-wild notes," i. e. A mad fanatic, who will always draw the people!

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after

after him. We have at present of these bull-finches without number, and their wild notes are as awakening

as ever.

P. 295. "Bp. Williams retired to his diocese." This prosecution must needs give every one a very bad idea of Laud's heart and temper. You might resolve his high acts of power in the state into reverence and gratitude to his master; his tyranny in the church to bis zeal for, and love of, what he called religion: but the outrageous prosecution of these two men can be resolved into nothing, but envy and revenge: and actions like these they were which occasioned all that bitter, but indeed just exclamation against the bishops, in the speeches of Lord Falkland and Lord Digby.

P. 303. "Franciscus de Clará."-His real name was Christopher Davenport. He published an exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles in the most favourable sense. But it pleased not either party. It was put into the Index Expurgatorius by the Spanish inquisition, and would have been condemned at Rome, had not the King and Archbishop Laud pressed Penzani, the pope's agent in London, to stop the prosecution. Popish Ch. Hist. vol. iii. p. 104, in V. Div.

Ch. vi. p. 387." Bp. Hatfield's tomb, which had been erected 25 years."-250 it should have been.

Ch. viii. p. 429. "More a jingle of words than strength of argument."-If Grinstone's argument be a jingle of words, as the historian confesses, how should Selden's, which was delivered to expose the other, be a jingle of words too? Every one sees it is a thorough confutation. And whenever a jingle of words is designedly set in a light to be exposed, by making an argument out of them of the same form, they are no longer a jingle of words, but a conveyance of sense. The truth is, as to Grimstone's argument, the fallacy lies herc, in supposing every thing of the Jus Divinum was questionable in a bishop, and out of question in an archbishop; whereas they both had in them the Jus Divinum of Presbyters; and therefore, as superintendants of other presbyters, they might suspend them. The fallacy of Selden's reply lies in this, that it supposes that Convocations and Par

liaments