For the

26. A man bought a farm for 1728 dollars, and sold it so as to gain 375 dollars; how much did he sell it for? Ans. 2103 dollars. 27. A merchant bought five pieces of cloth. first he gave 376 dollars; for the second 198 dollars; for the third 896 dollars; for the fourth 691 dollars; for the fifth 96 dollars. How much did he give for the whole ? Ans. 2257 dollars. 28. A merchant bought five hogsheads of molasses for 375 dollars, and sold it so as to gain 25 dollars on each hogshead; for how much did he sell it?

Ans. 500 dollars. 29. John Smith's farm is worth 7896 dollars; he has bank stock valued at 369 dollars; and he has in cash 850 dollars. What is he worth? Ans. 9115 dollars. 30. Required the number of inhabitants in the New England States, there being in Maine 501,793; in New Hampshire 284,574; in Massachusetts 737,699; in Rhode Island 108,830; in Connecticut 309,978; in Vermont 291,948. Ans. 2,234,822. 31. Required the number of inhabitants in the Middle States, there being in New York 2,428,921; in New Jersey 373,306; in Pennsylvania 1,724,033; in Delaware 78,085; in Maryland 469,232. Ans. 5,073,577. 32. Required the number of persons in the Southern States, there being in Virginia 1,239,797; in North Carolina 753,419; in South Carolina 594,398; in Georgia 691,392; in Alabama 590,756; in Mississippi 375,651 ; in Louisiana 352,411. Ans. 4,597,824. 33. How many inhabitants in the Western States, there being in Tennessee 829,210; in Kentucky 779,828; in Ohio 1,519,467; in Indiana 685,866; in Illinois 476,183; in Missouri 383,702; in Arkansas 97,574 ; in Michigan 212,267 ? Ans. 4,984,097. 34. How many inhabitants in the following Territories and the District of Columbia, there being in Florida 54,477; in Wisconsin 30,945; in Iowa 43,112; and in the District of Columbia 43,712 ? Ans. 172,246. 35. How many are the inhabitants of the United States, there being in New England 2,234,822; in the Middle States 5,073,577; in the Southern States 4,597,824 ; in the Western States 4,984,097; in the Territories 172,246 ? Ans. 17,062,566.

4

Section 3.

SUBTRACTION.

MENTAL OPERATIONS.

1. James has three dollars, and John has two dollars ; how many has James more than John?

2. Thomas has five oranges, he gives two to John; how many has he left?

3. Peter has six marbles, he gives two to Samuel; how many has he left?

4. Lydia has four cakes, having lost one; how many has she left?

5. Daniel having eight cents, he gives three to Mary; how many has he left?

6. Benjamin has ten nuts, he gives four to Jane, and three to Emily; how many has he left?

7. Moses gives eleven oranges to John, and eight to Enoch; how many more has John than Enoch?

8. Agreed to labor for a man twelve days; how many remain, after I have been with him five days?

9. I owe Thomas nine dollars, and having paid him seven; how many remain due ?

10. From ten dollars, I paid four dollars and three dolhow much have I left ?

lars;

11. Timothy had eleven marbles, he lost seven; how many had he left ?

12. John is thirteen years old, and his brother Thomas is seven; how much older is John than Thomas ?

13. From 15 dollars, I paid five; how many have I left ?

14. Sold a barrel of flour for eight dollars, and a bushel of wheat for two dollars; what was the difference in the prices?

15. Paid seven dollars for a pair of boots, and two dollars for shoes; how much did the boots cost more than the shoes?

16. How many are 4 less 2? 4 less 1? 4 less 4? 17. How many are 4 less 3? 5 less 1? 5 less 5? 18. How many are 5 less 2? 5 less 3?

19. How many are 6 less 1? 6 less 2? 6 less 4? 6 less 5?

20. How many are 7 less 2? 7 less 3? 7 less 4? 7 less 6?

21. How many are 8 less 6? 8 less 5? 8 less 2? 8 less 48 less 1 ?

22. How many are 9 less 2? less 79 less 3?

9 less 4? 9 less 5? 9

23. How many are 10 less 8? 10 less 7? 10 less 5? 10 less 3? 10 less 1?

24. How many are 11 less 9? 11 less 7? 11 less 5 ? 11 less 3? 11 less 4 ?

25. How many are 12 less 10? 12 less 8?

12 less 6?

12 less 4? 12 less 7?

26. How many are 13 less 13 less 9? 13 less 5?

11? 13 less 10?

13 less 7?

7

14 less 8?

15 less 5?

16 less 7?

17 less 3?

17 less 5?

18 less 7?

19 less 5?

27. How many are 14 less 11? 14 less 9? 14 less 6 14 less 7? 14 less 3? 28. How many are 15 less 2? 15 less 4? 15 less 7? 15 less 9? 15 less 13? 29. How many are 16 less 3? 16 less 4? 16 less 9? 16 less 11? 16 less 15? 30. How many are 17 less 1? 17 less 7 17 less 8? 17 less 12 ? 31. How many are 18 less 2? 18 less 4? 18 less 8? 18 less 10? 18 less 12 ? 32. How many are 19 less 1; 19 less 3? 19 less 7? 19 less 9? 19 less 16 ? 33. How many are 20 less 5? 20 less 8? 20 less 12? 20 less 15? 20 less 19 ? 34. How many are 30 less 5? 30 less 10? 30 less 15? 30 less 20? 30 less 25 ?

20 less 9 ?

35. Bought a horse for 63 dollars, and sold him for 70; what did I gain?

36. Sold a barrel of flour for 8 dollars, which cost me 10 dollars; what did I lose?

37. John travels 25 miles a day, and Samuel 32 miles; what is the difference?

38. I have 100 dollars, and after I shall have given 17 to Benjamin, and paid a debt of 30 dollars to J. Smith; how many dollars have I left ?

The pupil, having performed the above, will perceive, that

SUBTRACTION teaches to take a less number from a

greater, and to find the difference; hence the following

RULE.

Place the less number under the greater; units under units, and tens under tens. Begin with the units, and take the lower figure from the upper figure, and place the difference between them immediately under the units; but, if the upper figure be less than the lower figure, add ten to the upper one, and place the difference between them under the units as before, and carry one to the next number at the bottom, and proceed thus, till all the numbers are subtracted.

NOTE. The upper line is called the Minuend, and the lower one the Subtrahend. The result of the question is called the Remainder.

PROOF.

Add the Remainder to the Subtrahend, and, if their sum be like the Minuend, the work is right.

15. From 1728 dollars, I paid 961 dollars; how many remain ?

Ans. 767 dollars. 1776; how many of the last war, Ans. 39 years.

in

16. Independence was declared in years from this period to the close 1815 ? 17. The last transit of Venus was 1769, and the next will be 1874, how many years will intervene ? Ans. 105 years. 18. In 1830, the number of inhabitants in Bradford was 1856; and in 1840 it was 2222; what was the increase? Ans. 366. 19. How many more inhabitants are there in New York city than in Boston, there being by the last census, 312,710 inhabitants in the former, and 93,383 in the latter city? Ans. 219,327 inhabitants. 20. In 1821 there were imported into the United States 21,273,659 pounds of coffee, and in 1839 106,696,992 pounds; what was the increase?

Ans. 85,423,333 pounds. 21. By the last census, 11,853,507 bushels of wheat are raised in New York, and 13,029,756 bushels in Pennsylvania; how many bushels in the latter State more than the former ? Ans. 1,176,249 bushels. 22. The real estate of James Dow is valued at 3,769 dollars, and his personal estate at 2,648 dollars; he owes John Smith 1,728 dollars, and Job Tyler 1,161 dollars; how much is J. Dow worth?. Ans. 3528 dollars. 23. If a man received 5 dollars per day for labor, and it cost him 2 dollars per day to support his family; what will he have accumulated at the close of one week? Ans. 18 dollars. 24. The city of New York owes 9,663,269 dollars, and Boston owes 1,698,232 dollars; how much more does New York owe than Boston ?

Ans. 7,965,037 dollars,