By this weight are weighed gold, silver, and jewels.

NOTE. "The original of all weights, used in England, was a grain or corn of wheat, gathered out of the middle of the ear; and being well dried, 32 of them were to make one pennyweight, 20 pennyweights one ounce, and 12 ounces one pound. But in later times, it was thought sufficient to divide the same pennyweight into 24 equal parts, still called grains, being the least weight now in common use; and from hence the rest are computed."

Apothecaries mix their medicines by this weight; but buy and sell by Avoirdupois. The pound and ounce of this weight are the same as in Troy Weight.

By this weight are weighed almost every kind of goods, and all metals except gold and silver. By a late law of Massachusetts, the cwt. contains 100 lbs. instead of 112 lbs.

pts. 8

16

64

2304

288 = 144 = 36 = 1

This measure is applied to all Dry Goods, as Corn, Fruit, Salt, Coals, &c. A Winchester Bushel is 184 inches in diameter, and 8 inches deep. The standard Gallon Dry Measure contains 268 inches.

NOTE. By a law of Massachusetts, the barrel for Cider and Beer shall contain 32 Gallons. The Ale Gallon contains 282 cubic or solid inches.

NOTE. The Wine Gallon contains 231 cubic inches. We have no statute specifying how many gallons a hogshead, tierce, or pipe, shall contain.

=

3

pun.
1

2

tun.

=

3

NOTE. The true solar year is the time measured from the sun's leaving either equinox or solstice, to its return to the same again. A periodical year is the time the earth revolves round the sun, and is 365 d. 6 h. 9 m. 14 sec. and is often called the Sidereal year. The civil year is that, which is in common use among the different nations of the world, and contains 365 days for three years in succession, but every fourth year it contains 366 days. When any year can be divided by four, without any remainder, it is leap year, and has 366 days. The days in each month are stated in the following distichs.

Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November;
All the rest have thirty-one,

Except February alone,

Which hath but twenty-eight,

Except leap year, when it hath twenty-nine.

30 Degrees

CIRCULAR MOTION.

make 1 Prime minute, marked

1 Degree,

1 Sign,

12 Signs, or 360 Degrees, the whole great circle of the

zodiac.

RULE. Place dollars under dollars, dimes under dimes, cents under cents, and mills under mills, and add the columns together, as in the addition of simple numbers, and place a period or point immediately after the dollars, separating them from the cents.