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77. Johnson keeps on one farm 60 cows, on another 19, and on a third 21. How many does he keep on all ?

WRITTEN EXERCISES.

78. What is the sum of 595, 961, and 23.

595
961

23

1579

Solution. We write the numbers so that units of the same order may be in the same column. Beginning with ones, we add, thus: 3, 4, 9; sum, 9 ones, which we write beneath in ones' place.

We add the tens, thus: 2, 8, 17; sum, 17 tens, which are 170, or 1 hundred 7 tens. We write the 7 tens beneath in tens' place, and add the 1 hundred with the hundreds in the next column.

We add the hundreds, thus: 1, 10, 15; sum, 15 hundreds, which are 1500, or 1 thousand 5 hundreds. We write the 5 hundreds beneath in hundreds' place, and the 1 thousand in thousands' place.

The sum is 1 thousand 5 hundred 7 tens 9 ones, or 1579.

To prove the work, we add the columns downward, and have, as before, the sum 1579.

79. Add 626, 317, 529, and 12.

80. Add 368, 689, 73, and 19.

81. Add $21.642, $ 0.763, $3.05, and $ 5.90.

$21.642
0.763

3.05

5.90 $31.355

Solution. - Beginning with thousandths, we add, thus: 3, 5; sum, 5 thousandths, which we write beneath in thousandths' place.

We add the hundredths, thus: 5, 11, 15; sum, 15 hundredths, or 1 tenth 5 hundredths. We write the 5 hundredths beneath in hundredths' place, and add the 1 tenth with the tenths of the next column.

We add the tenths, thus: 1, 10, 17, 23; sum, 23 tenths, or 2 ones 3 tenths. We write the 3 tenths beneath in the place of tenths, and add the 2 ones with the ones of the next column.

We add the ones, thus: 2, 7, 10, 11; the sum, 11 ones, or 1 ten 1 one. We write the 1 one beneath in the ones' place, and add the 1 ten with the tens of the next column.

We add the tens, thus: 1, 3; sum, 3 tens, which we write beneath in tens' place.

The sum is $31.355, or 31 dollars and 35 cents 5 mills.

82. What is the sum of $31.067, $8.091, $0.46, and $0.31?

83. What is the sum of $13.615, $24.25, $6.14, and $17.66 ?

84. What is the sum of $91.55, $82.35, $63, and $ 80.50?

38. Rule for Addition.

Write the numbers so that units of the same order may be in the same column.

Add the right-hand column, writing the units of the sum beneath, and adding the tens, if any, to the next column.

So proceed with all the columns, writing the entire sum of the last column.

39. PROOF. —Add the numbers a second time and in a different order (Art. 37).

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97. Find the sum of 406, 781, 918, 846, and 67.
98. Find the sum of 1081, 686, 423, 925, and 328.
99. Find the sum of 2642, 3417, 506, 689, and 482.
100. Find the sum of 391, 638, 402, 83, 493, and 16.
101. Find the sum of 555, 64, 380, 75, 878, and 74.
102. Find the sum of 159, 363, 4682, 8405, and 3377.

How many are:

103. 62.48 + 31.41 + 8.95 + 73 + 0.56? 104. 8.15 + 31.68 + 9.60 + 18.53 + 85.93 ? 105. 106 + 57.25 + 46.17 + 9.36 + 62.94 ? 106. 3.19 + 11.93 + 61.85 +376 + 4781?. 107. $16.43 + $24.77 + $75.35 + $9.10? 108. $342 + $164 + $4.95 + $0.74?

109. $78.05 + $ 72.09 + $8.11 + $ 9.83 ? 110. $415+ $88.24 + $13.08 + $16.08 ?

111. On a farm 105 trees bear pears, 492 bear peaches, 85 bear cherries, and 316 bear apples. How many trees are there in all ?

112. An army consisted of 2358 infantry, 868 cavalry, and 1165 artillery. What was the number of the army?

113. A man bought a house for $8750. He paid $363.55 for repairs, $ 95.63 for painting, and $106.50 for taxes. For how much must he sell it to gain $ 350 ?

114. A farmer has four fat oxen. The first weighs 1463 pounds, the second 1385 pounds, the third 1507 pounds, and the fourth 1264 pounds. What is the weight of them all?

115. Bought a suit of clothes for $42.50, an overcoat for. $22.75, a pair of boots for $5.25, and a hat for $ 4.63. What was the cost of the whole?

116. The area of France is 204091 square miles and that of Italy 114290. What is the area of the two countries?

117. What is the sum of $103, $0.06, $15.05, $ 19.75, and $7.31?

118. Gave $73 for a watch, $15.50 for a carriage robe, $250 for a horse, and sold them so that I gained $21.50. What did I sell them for?

119. A merchant began business with goods worth $6750; a store worth $5700; fixtures worth $555.25; and gained $1165.45. What was he then worth?

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124. Mount Everest is 13270 feet higher than Mont Blanc, Mont Blanc 4832 feet higher than Etna, and Mount Etna rises 10900 feet above the level of the sea. What is the height of Mount Everest above the sea level?

125. The area of the United States consists of territory ceded by Great Britain as the result of the Revolution, 815615 square miles; acquired from France, 930928 square miles; from Spain, 59268 square miles; by admission of Texas, 237504 square miles; Oregon by treaty, 280425 square miles; from Mexico, 677262 square miles; and from Russia, 577390 square miles. What is the total area of the United States? 126. In building a cottage, the excavating cost $34; the cellar walls, $ 110.50; chimneys, $18.46; the plastering, $73.42; the frame, $64.50; the boarding, $33.50; the sid ing, $25; the roof boards, $20.67; the shingling, $ 62.80; the gutters and hardware, $42; the truss work, $13; the water tank, $15; the cornices, $ 46; the windows, $98; the doors, $126; the flooring, $45; the stairs, $20; the base, $34.40; the sink, $9.50; the cistern, $25; the painting, $80.12; and incidentals, $50. What was the entire cost?

127. Bought a house for $23650 and land for $73640. Paid $ 4500 for repairs and taxes. For house and land how much must I receive to gain the cost of the land?

128. The first of four numbers is 8437, the second 9325, the third is the sum of the first two, and the fourth is the sum of the second and third. Find the result if the numbers are put together.

129. A, B, C, and D go into business. A puts in $7430, B $3200 more, C as much as A and B together, and D as much as A and C together. What is the capital of the firm?

130. In 1880 the Boston and Providence R. R. received from passengers $776362.87, from freight $486724.85, from rents $19395.08, from express companies $ 30202.34, and from mails $11240.49. What was the total income for the year? 131. Find the sum of the numbers in Art. 26, Exercises 66 to 74 inclusive.

132. In Exercises 73 to 81 inclusive.

133. In Exercises 81 to 87 inclusive.

134. In Art. 27, Exercises 93 to 100 inclusive. 135. In Exercises 101 to 108 inclusive.

136. In Exercises 109 to 116 inclusive.

137. What are my sales for the week if my daily sales are as follows: Monday $347.19, Tuesday $847.62, Wednesday $9643.27, Thursday $9876.50, Friday $843.91, Saturday $10986.75?

138. What is the income of a gentleman who receives annually from rents $2465.29, from mining profits $3462, from other business $9478.50, and from interest of U. S. Bonds $8600 ?

QUESTIONS.

29. What is the unit of a number? 30. What are like numbers? 31. What is addition? 32. What is the sum ?

33. What is the sign of addition? 34. The sign of equality? 35. The dollar sign?

37. What are principles of addition? How do you add? What is the proof?

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