Cornwallis his sentiments were enthusiastic. Mr. Fox, he said, was so great and good a man that every member of his family seemed to have taken a tinge from his virtues. Speaking of Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm, he remarked, "his countenance bespeaks his heart, and I am sure he is a good man. I never yet beheld an individual of whom I so immediately formed a favourable opinion as of that fine soldier-like looking old man: there is the face of an Englishman; a countenance pleasing, open, intelligent, frank, sincere."- Of Sir George Cockburn, also, he spoke in terms of commendation.

The Cæsar which conveyed Lord Amherst from China, in 1817, having occasion to touch at St. Helena, that nobleman expressed a great desire to be introduced to the Imperial exile, when, after some obstacles had been remedied, he waited upon Napoleon, accompanied by Mr. Lynn, surgeon of the Alceste. It was on the 3d of July, Lord Amherst was ushered into Bonaparte's presence at Longwood, Captain Maxwell and the surgeon remaining in the anti-chamber, who were soon after permitted to join. During the conversation which took place, the Emperor's questions were put with his accustomed rapidity, and in such quick succession, that replies could only be given to the most prominent. In accordance with his uniform curiosity, he inquired of the officers the stations they severally occupied, when having ascertained that Mr. Lynn was surgeon of the ship, he requested to know what system of pharmacy he pursued: "That depends on circumstances, was the reply. "I hope," rejoined Bonaparte, "it is any other than that practised on this island, for here we have the same thing over and over again-bleeding and calomel for ever."

The conversation taking a turn on the mission of Lord Amherst to China, the latter related the cause of its failure, which he ascribed to the necessity imposed upon him by the Emperor, of smiting the ground nine times with his forehead; an indignity which his lordship intimated he could not submit to. Bonaparte's reply upon that occasion completely developed the man. Indeed! Now, had it suited my policy to despatch an ambassador to the Emperor of China, I should have instructed him to kiss his great tue; and if that would not do, he might, if required, have saluted a more offensive part, provided my object were attained."-In the course of conversation, Napoleon said he knew of no law which gave the powers of Europe

a right to detain him prisoner at St. Helena or elsewhere; and strongly urged the propriety of his present situation being taken into consideration by the crowned heads of Europe. Notwithstanding his disappointments, he still affected great reliance on the justice of the Prince Regent of England, when unconnected with national policy, and the influence of his ministers; and, with such impression on his mind, he expressed an anxious wish that Lord Amherst would be the bearer of a letter from himself to his Royal Highness, which had been for some time prepared, with the intention of forwarding the same to England.

The treatment which Napoleon experienced in the years 1817 and 1818 is amply detailed, and with much simplicity, in the letters written by Count Bertrand to Baron Las Cases, announcing the latest occurrences at St. Helena :

"Things," said Bertrand, "are materially altered since your departure. In the year 1817, and the present 1818, the vexations practised against the Emperor are increased to such a degree, that they can only be considered as an attempt upon his life; but you shall judge of this by the detail. You, doubtless, have read in the newspapers of the month of March certain observations of Lord Bathurst ; since which, however, things have got much worse, and the hatred of the Governor has no longer any bounds.

"When you left us, the Emperor gave up riding ou horseback, in order to avoid the snares and insults purposely prepared, by exposing him to the insolence of the sentinels, wherefore, to avoid similar inconveniences, he has since been obliged to debar himself even from the exercise of walking. During the months of March and April, he occasionally went out to call on my wife, and sometimes used to seat himself fifty paces from the house, upon the bench near it, where he would remain half, and sometimes a whole hour; however, they devised means to prevent this, and oblige him to confine himself closely to his room, being well aware that that was no difficult task. To effect this they appointed a soldier of the 66th as his gardener, and stationed at my dwelling a sergeant, or overseer of the workmen, both very useful at the house, either to remove any noxious weeds which might infect the atmosphere, (for it is utterly impossible to have a garden on such a spot as this,) or to repair the house, which is in ruins, and admits the water during every shower of rain. All this appeared very feasible; but the Governor had invested those two solVOL. IV.-64.

3 U

diers with the power of stopping whomsoever they pleased, at the very doors and under the windows of the Emperor; and from that moment he has never been out, so that for upwards of three months he has not put his head out of the window.

"The climate, entire deprivation of exercise, and this miserable habitation, have impaired his health so much, that you would not know him. Ever since the close of 1817, he has felt the first symptoms of chronic hepatic, which, you are aware, is mortal in this country. The good O'Meara attended him; in whom, you know, he had confidence. Sir Hudson Lowe, in the month of April, at which period that doctor was most essential to him, reduced him to the necessity of giving in his resignation, being anxious to intrude Mr. Baxter upon the Emperor, who, refusing to see any other physician, remained without medical advice from the 10th of April to the 10th of May. At length the Russian and Austrian commissioners, indignant at such treatment, gave the Governor to understand that if the Emperor should die so circumstanced, they would be at a loss what to say, in case an opinion became prevalent in Europe that he had been assassinated. This, it appears, decided the Governor to reinstate Dr. O'Meara. there was, however, no species of ill-treatment they did not subject him to suffer. They strove to have him repulsed from the table of the officers of the 66th, but those brave soldiers disdained to participate in such an arbitrary act. The Emperor is now very ill: he rises at eleven in the morning, and retires again at two. You are by no means aware of our present situation, which cannot be compared with what it was in your time, though even then it was bad enough; and the knowledge you have of our master is sufficient to induce you to use your influence to prevent any of the Emperor's family from venturing hither. The spectacle of the humiliations, contrarieties, and hatred, to which he is a prey, would be utterly insupportable, were his mother or any of his brothers to present themselves for the purpose of sharing them. Even Count Montholon and myself, now the only persons remaining, have been repeatedly pressed by him to release ourselves from similar treatment, and leave him to himself. You remember the officers had not visited me for a length of time, but whenever they met us on the road they had the civility to stop and converse with my wife. They have now been forbidden even to do that, not in writing, but by insinuation, so that it has frequently hap

pened those gentlemen, on perceiving us, have purposely turned out of the way. Things have now come to such a pitch, that the foul linen remains several days, to be searched by the orderly captain, and sometimes the état major. This scene is not only indecent in the extreme, but very humiliating to them: its only purport being insult and outrage. In the month of June, 1816, a store-ship brought out a marble bust of young Napoleon, when Sir Hudson Lowe directed that it should be thrown into the sea; this he afterwards denied, but we have a judicial attestation of the same, as the act disgusted not only Lady Malcolm, but all the commanders of the store-ships then upon this station.

"In the month of February last, the captain of the storesnip Cambridge brought out two engravings of young Napoleon, which he had purchased in London. Sir Hudson Lowe ordered them to be conveyed to him, stating that he intended them as a present to the father; but when, a month subsequent, the officers of that ship ascertained the contrary, viz. that he had kept them for himself, they were no longer able to dissemble their indignation that such an act should have been committed by an Englishman.

"This conduct on the part of Sir Hudson Lowe cannot be disguised or withheld from the British government. If what the Emperor told Lord Amherst were repeated in London; if the ministry inquired of Captain Poppleton, who was the orderly officer for two years; or questioned Colonel Fehrzen of the 53d, and many others, they must be aware of the cruel and iniquitous conduct pursued here."

Conformably with the condition of Napoleon, as above described, we have other letters which attest the progress disease was making upon his frame, one of which Count Montholon contrived to convey to the Emperor's sister, Princess Borghese, then at Rome, early in the year 1820, the same running as follows:

"MADAME,

"Napoleon has charged me to remit you an account of his health. The malady in his liver, whereby he was attacked many years ago, and which is mortal in this climate, has, in the course of six weeks, made a frightful progress. The amelioration produced by the care of Dr. Antomarchi has not continued, and many relapses took place during the concluding six months of last year, so that the disease renders him weaker every day. Napoleon is extremely feeble, and scarcely able to support half an hour's ride in a carriage with the horses walking. He can just hobble about in his chamber without assistance. To his liver complaint is added another disorder appertaining to this climatehis intestines are strongly attacked; his digestive organs no longer fulfil

their functions, and his stomach rejects all it receives. For some time Napoleon has eaten neither meat, bread, nor vegetables, existing only upon potted meats and ices. Count Bertrand wrote in September last to Lord Liverpool, demanding the removal of the Emperor to a more favourable climate, and impressing upon him the necessity of its being in the neighbourhood of mineral waters. I have delivered M. Bonavita a copy of that letter, which the Governor, Sir Hudson Lowe, refused to transmit to his government, under the specious pretext that it gave to Napoleon the title of Emperor. M. Bonavita sails this day for Rome, having experienced the cruel influence of the climate of St. Helena, as one year's residence will cost him six of his existence. The letter which M. Antomarchi has written to Cardinal Fesch will convey to your Highness a circumstantial detail of the Emperor's disease. The journals of London constantly pub lish letters under the head of St. Helena, abounding in falsehoods, and fabricated for the sole purpose of deceiving Europe. Napoleon hopes that your Highness will endeavour to make known the real state of his malady: he expires, without succour, on a frightful rock; his agony is terrible. Receive, Madam, &c.

(Signed)

"MONTHOLON."

The following note was written by Napoleon on the margin of Sir Thomas Reade's letter to Count Bertrand, dated 25th April, 1818:

"1. I gave you to understand yesterday, when you presented this letter to me, that I would not condescend to notice it; and that you need not translate it to me, since it is not in the form which has been regularly observed for three years past.

2. This fresh outrage only dishonours this coxcomb. The King of England alone is entitled to treat with me upon an equality.

"3. This crafty proceeding has one object: to prevent your exposing the criminal plot they have been contriving against my life for these two last years.

"4. Thus affecting to open the doors to claims and complaints, they shut them the closer.

"5. Thus affecting a willingness to provide a lodging, and erect for me a house, I have been kept for three years in this unhealthy barn, no building having yet been commenced.

"6. Thus affecting to allow me the liberty of riding on horseback, they prevent me from so doing, as well as taking exercise, by indirect means: hence the primary cause of my illness.

7. They employ the same means to debar me from receiving any visits. They stand in need of obscurity.

"8. Thus, after making attempts on my physician, forcing him to give in his resignation rather than remain a passive instrument void of all moral feeling, they nevertheless keep him under arrest at Longwood, wishing it to be inferred that I have his assistance, when they well know I have no intercourse with him, or have seen him for a fortnight, and that I never shall behold him unless he be set at 1.berty, relieved from his oppressive situation, and restored to his moral independence in what concerns the exercise of his functions.

"9. Thus they are guilty of a characteristic falsehood in causing bulletins to be issued by a physician who has never seen me, and who is ignorant both of iny constitution and disorder; all this is well cal