vision which you have made for the education of the youth of our State, as seen in the beautiful, commodious buildings, and extensive grounds of the school, together with the learned and beloved Principal, and the efficient teachers associated with him, indicate a wise policy, and give us a token of the blessings which are to flow through this channel to our State, and to the world.”

CHAPTER V.

APPOINTMENT OF COLLEGE PROFESSORS.

The following fall term opened prosperously in November. The number in attendance went up to sixty or seventy. The classes preparing for college made good progress. The senior class in this department was now so far advanced that within a little more than year it would be ready to enter upon college studies. This would call for, at least, the beginning of a college organization, and the appointment of two professors to the Faculty of Instruction. This enlarged work received the earnest attention of the Trustees and patrons of the institution.

Meantime, another school year passed away, everything going smoothly and prosperously. The anniversary was

this year, 1859, held in June. The following notice of this occasion appeared in the editorial columns of the Pacific, of June 23:

"The annual examination of the Preparatory Department of this institution took place on Monday and Tuesday of the present week. We have always been delighted with the exercises of this anniversary, but were never more so than on the present occasion. The students seem to have made a progress in their studies beyond that of any former year; a progress that plainly indicates thorough drilling and hard study. We were pleased with the respectful deportment, gentlemanly bearing, and manly self-respect of the pupils, but we were specially gratified with the accuracy, thought, and promptness which characterized all their exercises. These excellencies demonstrated that they were taught to know with certainty what they knew, to know why they knew it, and to state it with ease and precision, which, together, constitute the sole end that ought to be aimed at in every system of liberal education.

"While nearly all the classes in the examination receive our unqualified approbation, we feel that several of them deserve our special praise, among which may be mentioned the classes in English Grammar, Cicero, Virgil, Xenophon, the Greek Reader, Greenleaf's Arithmetic and Geometry. Many of the specimens of drawing exhibited also were of a high order of excellence. The method of teaching English Grammar, adopted in this institution, which may be called the common-sense method, or, perhaps more correctly, the science of the English language, is unsurpassed, we think, by any method we have ever known. It is simple, natural, and plain, yet goes down into the very elements of the language, and lays its whole structure and philosophy naked before the mind. We sincerely wish it might be embodied in book form, and become the standard of instruction in all the schools of our State.

"On the whole we were never more impressed with the importance of this school, or felt more deeply its claims on the public. None who are interested in the welfare of our people, or who would make our golden hills and fertile valleys attractive to families as a permanent home, it seems to us, can forget this infant institution now struggling into existence among us. It should be dear to every heart. It should occupy the first place in the public care. It should be cherished as the most important of those means which are to give our young State character, dignity, and influence among her sister States.

"The public or Commencement exercises were held in the Presbyterian Church, and consisted wholly of declamations by students, appointed by a vote of the school. We cannot do justice to the performances by merely mentioning a few of the principal speakers, and we therefore give as full an account as our columns will admit, and by giving a word to each we hope to present something like an accurate idea of that high order of elocution, which already distinguishes this institution as foremost in this desirable part of the education of our youth.

"The exercises were opened with prayer by Rev. A. Williams. The salutatory was a poem delivered by Frederick W. Clarke, composed by his mother for the occasion. The lad did credit to himself as a speaker, as well as justice to the poem. His enunciation was easy, distinct, and his delivery animated, catching, sometimes, the inspiration of the mother.".

The exercises consisted entirely of declamations and addresses by the students. Among them, as their names appear in the Pacific, were Edward J. Carpenter, James A. Dye, George E. Howard, Elijah Janes. Frank Howard, John R. Glasscock, G. F. Williams, Dyer A. Carpenter, Chas. V. Howard, C. A. Lowe, José M. Y'banez, Charles A. Garter, and Albert F. Lyle.

The consultations and correspondence that had been going on for a long time, as to who should be professors in the College, prepared the way for the meeting of Trustees, held August 13, 1859, to make the choice. That Rev. Henry Durant should be the first to be appointed was simply a matter of course. Who should be the next man was a question. It was determined to have the very highest qualifications, and we did not want to deprive any one of our few young churches of its minister. But there seemed to be no way to avoid it. And so the Rev. Martin Kellogg, then pastor of the Congregational Church in Grass Valley, was elected. Mr. Kellogg, in connection with his letter of acceptance, said, in a note dated Grass Valley, September 8, 1859: "The urgency of the appeal has been too great for resistance. Yet this church feels itself hardly used. It wants me to stay till January. Let me off till then if you can possibly. We shall expect you to represent our case strongly to the Home Missionary Society, in order that a man may be sure to come."

The action of the Trustees in organizing a College Faculty by the election of these professors was announced and commented on in the Pacific of September 15, 1859, as follows:

"The College was chartered in 1855, and to this time the operations of the institution have been limited to the establishment of a preparatory school, and bringing forward classes to a college standing. The first college class will be organized next June, and we do not hesitate to say that probably no class in any school in the Union will be better fitted than this for the commencement of a college To meet the wants of this class, the Trustees have elected, as part of the Faculty of the College, the Rev. Henry Durant, the

course.

present Principal of the school, and Rev. Martin Kellogg, the acting pastor of the Congregational Church in Grass Valley. The chairs to be filled by these newly-elected Professors, are those of Languages and Mathematics.

"The choice of the Trustees will be heartily and warmly approved by all who are acquainted with Mr. Durant and his colleague. It is needless for us to speak of them as thorough, critical, and accomplished scholars, and eminently qualified to discharge the duties of the positions they have been elected to fill. It will be equally gratifying to the friends of the College to learn that both have accepted, and will soon enter upon their duties. Other officers will be elected as they are wanted. The Presidency may be filled at any time when, in the opinion of the Board, it is deemed best. The necessities of the College do not yet imperatively demand such an officer, and probably will not till three or four classes have been admitted, or the first class has advanced to a Junior or Senior standing."

About this time there sprang up a breeze of opposition to the College, based upon the charge that, while professing not to be sectarian, it was so in fact. It came from only one quarter, and represented the opinion of hardly more than one individual. Although the whole history of the institution, from its first inception, was the most complete and perfect refutation of this charge, it was thought by the Trustees best to meet it by publishing the principles by which the friends of the College had been guided, and according to which everybody, at all informed in their course, knew that they had acted. These principles were carefully formulated, and then widely published, as follows, under the title of

ORGANIC BASIS.

"The College of California is an institution designed by its founders to furnish the means of a thorough and comprehensive education, under the pervading influence and spirit of the Christian religion.

"The bonds which unite its friends and patrons are a catholic Christianity; a common interest in securing the highest educational privileges for youth; the common sympathy of educated and scientific men. and a common interest in the promotion of the highest