-

CONTENTS.

and South Carolina upon Virginia to change her former Instruc-

tions to her Delegates - The Change deprecated and deplored

by Mr. Madison He corrects a Misrepresentation of the Con-

duct of Mr. Jay- Ultimate Return to the Principles of the

original Instructions - Measures of Internal Policy - Urgent

Motives for completing the Ratification of the Articles of Con-

federation - Successive Ratification of them by all the States

except Maryland - Grounds of her persevering Opposition-

Jealousy of the Territorial Claims of Virginia - Foundation

and legal Validity of those Claims - Virginia willing to make

a liberal Cession for the Sake of Conciliation and Harmony-

Opinions of her leading Statesmen, Madison, Pendleton, and

Mason She finally proffers a Cession on Conditions submitted

to Congress- Maryland authorizes her Delegates to sign the

Articles of Confederation Ratification completed, and pro-

claimed by Congress .

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-

xili

235-266

CHAPTER IX.

-

Plan of Military Operations discussed in Congress - Critical Sit-

uation of the Southern States Colonel Benjamin Harrison

sent by Virginia to represent to Congress the Necessity of more

liberal Arrangements for the Defence of the South- Mr. Mad-

ison gives his zealous Aid to the Mission of Colonel Harrison

Measures adopted by Congress on the Occasion - Virginia be-

comes the principal Theatre of the War by the Invasion of

Cornwallis - Reduced to great Exhaustion by her Exertions in

Aid of the Southern States-Long-continued Inattention of

Congress, and apparent Indifference of Northern States, give

rise to strong Feelings of Dissatisfaction Energetic Remon-

strance prepared for Adoption of the Legislature - Withdrawn

on Intelligence of the Result of Colonel Harrison's Mission -

General Lafayette sent to Virginia - Legislature dispersed by

Tarlton - Proposition for a Dictator-General Nelson elected

Governor-Able and skilful Conduct of Lafayette - Washing-

ton and Rochambeau march with the Allied Army to the Aid

of Virginia-Letter of Mr. Madison describing their Passage

through Philadelphia - Count De Grasse, with the French

Fleet, arrives in the Chesapeake - Siege of York- - Surrender

of Cornwallis

267-294

CHAPTER X.

Proceedings of Congress on receiving Intelligence of the Surren-

der of the British Army at Yorktown - Washington urges

energetic Preparations for another Campaign -- Recommenda-

tion warmly seconded by Mr. Madison Congress makes fur-

ther Calls for Troops and Money on the States - Frequent

Disregard of these Requisitions - Necessity of invigorating the

Federal Authority enforced by Washington-Proposition to

invest Congress with coercive Power - Views of Mr. Madison

on the Subject-Colonel Hamilton brings forward a Project,

in a Communication addressed by him to a Member of Con-

Remarks on his Scheme

gress

- Policy of completing the

Ratification of the Articles of Confederation rather than at-

tempt, in the midst of War, the Introduction of a new Sys-

Congress applies to the States for Power to levy Du-

ties on Foreign Imports- Mr. Madison zealously sustains the

Application - His Letter on the Subject.

tem

-

-

CHAPTER XI.

295-313

Proceedings of Congress for settling Conditions of Peace-In-

structions agreed upon and Minister appointed in 1779, with

reference to Negotiations under Mediation of Spain That

Mediation proves abortive Spain becomes a Party to the War

in Europe, and Empress of Russia and Emperor of Austria offer

their Mediation in 1781- New Instructions given, and addi-

tional Ministers appointed-Motives and Policy of Instruc-

tions in submitting American Ministers to Counsels of France

-Statement of Mr. Madison-England, persisting in treating

United States as Subjects in a State of Rebellion, declines

Preliminaries of Mediating Powers-France accedes in first

instance, but, apprised of Ground taken by England, declares

Inutility of proceeding till that Ground is abandoned - De-

bates in British Parliament upon receiving News of Surrender

of Army at Yorktown - Resignation of Lord North and Dis-

solution of his Ministry - Administration of Lord Rockingham

make vague Overtures for Peace through Sir Guy Carleton in

America and secret Agents at Paris - Mr. Madison's Views

of those Overtures - Renewed Attempt to separate United

States and France, indignantly repelled by both - Division in

-

English Cabinet- Death of Lord Rockingham - New Admin-

istration under Lord Shelburne disclose Views adverse to Rec-

ognition of American Independence - Firm Declaration of

Congress Responsive Resolutions of Legislature of Virginia

-Spirit of the Times as manifested in their Proceedings

against Arthur Lee, Delegate in Congress, suspected of Dis-

affection to French Alliance

314-343

CHAPTER XII.

Negotiations for Peace opened at Paris Questions to be ad-

justed, National Independence, Boundaries, Fisheries - Mr.

Madison succeeds in his Efforts in Congress to place the last

two on the same Footing in the Negotiation Provisional

Articles agreed upon and concluded between the British and

American Commissioners-Not communicated to the French

Government until after their Signature Dissatisfaction in

France at Conduct of American Ministers Their Despatches

laid before Congress — Unfounded Suspicions of the Sincerity of

France manifested by Mr. Jay and Mr. Adams - Recommenda-

tion of Secretary of Foreign Affairs - Debates in Congress-

Bold and manly Speech of Mr. Madison Report of Commit-

tee on Despatches - Letter addressed by Secretary of Foreign

Affairs to American Commissioners - · Reflections on the French

Alliance Services and Conduct of France in the War of In-

dependence - Just and noble Sentiment of Lafayette

-

-

344-376

-

-

CHAPTER XIII.

News received of the Signing at Paris of Preliminaries of a gen-

eral Peace Cessation of Hostilities proclaimed by Congress -

Question raised as to Necessity of a formal Ratification of the

Provisional Articles between Great Britain and the United

States Also as to the Propriety of an immediate Release of

Prisoners Report of Committee on these Questions by Mr.

Madison, Colonel Hamilton dissenting - Improvident Decis-

ion of Congress - Discontents of the Army-Petition and Ad-

dress of Officers to Congress - Interview between Deputies

of the Army and Grand Committee of Congress - Report of

Grand Committee - Difference of Opinion on subject of Half-

Pay and Commutation - Mr. Madison vindicates the Claims of

the Army-Its Discontents increased by the Delays of Con-

gress-Newburgh Address Measures adopted by Washing-

ton-His Address to the Meeting of Officers - Ability and

Magnanimity of his Conduct - Mr. Madison's Account of the

Impression produced by it in Congress - Interference of civil

Creditors to foment Discontents of the Army sternly reproved

by Washington-Correspondence between Colonel Hamilton

and Washington on the Subject-Conduct of Mr. Morris,

Superintendent of Finance, gives rise to Dissatisfaction -

Sentiments of Mr. Madison

377-408

CHAPTER XIV.

Efforts of Congress to establish a System of General Revenue –

Result of Application to the States for Power to levy Imposts

-

--

---

Rhode Island refuses - Virginia, after granting, repeals her

Grant - Mr. Madison annoyed and embarrassed by the Oppo-

sition of his State-Determines, nevertheless, to pursue the

Convictions of his own Judgment in Favor of a System of gen-

eral Revenue Delivers his Views in an able and patriotic

Speech-Moves a Modification of the Proposition before Con-

gress His Modification adopted - Subject referred to a select

Committee, of which he is a Member - His Views in the

Committee Report made in Conformity to them-Outline

of the Report - Finally adopted by Congress, with slight Vari-

ations Mr. Madison Chairman of Committee to prepare an

Address to the States in Support of the Plan agreed to-

Luminous and eloquent Address drawn by him, and adopted

by Congress-Sketch of it - Colonel Hamilton opposed to

the Plan submitted by Congress to the States Reasons of

his Opposition - General Washington, in his Circular Letter

to the States, warmly commends the Address, and urges them

to adopt the Plan submitted by Congress - Distinctive Fea-

tures of political Systems of Hamilton and Madison begin to

disclose themselves - Reception of Revenue Plan by Legisla

ture of Virginia Note on Accusations against Mr. Madison

by Biographer of Colonel Hamilton.

-

CHAPTER XV.

-

409-443

Questions in Congress growing out of Cession of Northwest Ter-

CONTENTS.

ritory by Virginia - Influence of Land Companies - Geograph-

ical and political Combinations against the Claims of Virginia-

Letters of Mr. Madison with regard to them- Proceedings

and Report of the Committee to which the Subject was referred

-

xvii

Attempt to set up adverse Title in New York Researches

and Labors of Mr. Madison in Defence of Virginia Title - Alli-

ance between Adversaries of the territorial Rights of Virginia

and Partisans of the Independence of Vermont — Mr. Madi-

son's Account of the State of Parties in Congress on these two

Questions-He predicts the ultimate Acceptance of the Terms

of Virginia, if the State remain firm and prudent - Mr. With-

erspoon's Resolutions - New Committee appointed to consider

Cession of Virginia - Remonstrance of New Jersey - Design

of Adversaries of Virginia to limit her Western Boundary, if

possible, to the Alleghany Mountains-Final Compromise, and

Acceptance of the Cession by Congress - Influence of Mr.

Madison in accomplishing the Result - History of Vermont

Question — Proceedings of Congress upon it - New York and

New Hampshire resist Claim of Vermont to be considered an

independent State - Views of Mr. Madison on the Subject –

Powerful Combination of Interests in Congress favorable to In-

dependence of Vermont, and her Admission as a State into the

Confederacy-Acts of Violence committed by her Authorities

prevent Consummation of the Plan - Compelled to await the

regular Exercise of the Power granted by the Constitution of

1788, before she is finally admitted into the Union . . . 444-478.

CHAPTER XVI.

-

Congress, after Provisional Articles of Peace, determine to dismiss

a Portion of the Army on Furlough - Orderly and praiseworthy

Conduct of Main Body of the Army on the Occasion Com-

plaints and Mutiny of a Detachment of the Pennsylvania Line

-

They insult the Executive Council and Congress — Mr.

Madison's Statement of the Affair - Congress adjourn from

Philadelphia to Princeton - Washington indignant at the Con-

duct of the Mutineers - Sends General Howe to reduce and

punish them Their Submission Congress hold their Sit-

tings in the College Buildings at Princeton-Proceedings on

fixing a permanent as well as temporary Place of Meeting-

Two Federal Towns to be established for the alternate Resi-

-