(2.) What other name is given to Collective Nouns ? (3.) Enumerate five kinds of Abstract Nouns, and write down three examples of each kind.

(4.) Write down in three columns the following Common Nouns, according as they are Collective Nouns, Abstract Nouns, or Names of Materials:

§§ 24-26. (1.) How many Genders are there, properly so called?

(2.) What is the meaning of Neuter Gender?

(3.) What is the meaning of Common Gender?

(4.) Write down in four columns five Masculine Nouns, five Feminine Nouns, five Neuter Nouns, and five Nouns of Common Gender.

EXERCISE 11.

§ 27. (1.) Mention the three ways of indicating difference of Gender in Nouns, and write down five examples of each way.

(2.) Explain the origin of the forms duchess, marchioness, songstress, sempstress, vixen, bridegroom, lass.

(3.) Write down in four columns the following Nouns according as they are Masculine, Feminine, Neuter, or of Common Gender :

§§ 28, 29. (4.) When are Nouns without life treated as Masculine or as Feminine? Write down ten examples of such Masculine Nouns and ten examples of such Feminine Nouns.

EXERCISE 12.

§§ 31-33. (1.) When is -s added to form the Plural, and when is -es added to form the Plural?

Write down ten Plurals ending simply in -s, and ten
Plurals ending in -es.

§ 34. (2.) Write down ten Nouns in which f in the Singular is changed into v in the Plural.

Write down ten Nouns in which f in the Singular remains unchanged in the Plural.

35. (3.) When does y remain unchanged in the Plural, and when is it changed into i ?

Write down ten Plurals in which the y remains unchanged, and ten Plurals in which it is changed into i.

EXERCISE 13.

§ 36. (1.) What are the other Plural formations besides -s and -es? Write down seven examples of each. (2.) Write down ten Nouns which make no change

for the Plural.

EXERCISE 14.

§§ 31-36. Write down the Plurals of the following

Nouns :

woman
wife

fox

boy

brother (2)
hero

day
sky

FIFE

summons
monarch

omnibus

potato folio

leaf

strife

thief
echo

quarto

child

chief

roof
fife

EXERCISE 15.

gas
fief

grief

§ 37. (1.) Distinguish between pennies, pence- dies, dice-geniuses, genii-indexes, indices.

§ 38. (2.) Write down ten Nouns which, owing to the nature of their meaning, are used only in the Singular.

(3.) What is the meaning of such Plurals as wines— brandies-sugars?

(4.) What is the meaning of such Plurals as folliesnegligences-omissions?

§ 39. (5.) Write down twenty Nouns used only in the Plural.

EXERCISE 16.

§ 40. (1.) Write down six Nouns Plural in form, but Singular in meaning.

§ 41. (2.) Write down the Plurals of the following

§§ 42-50. (1.) Explain the meaning of the five Cases -Nominative, Objective, Dative, Possessive, Vocative.

(2.) What is the ending of the Possessive case? What was the original ending? (§ 50, Obs. 1.) How did the mistake of "Thomas his book" arise? (§ 50, Obs. 2.)

(3.) Write down the Possessive Singular and Plural of the following Nouns :

1. Mens' and womens' clothing. 2. Both masters' and servants have their duties. 3. A boys' hat. 4. Several boy's hats. 5. The nine mens morrice. 6. Kings crowns'. 7. Peasants cottages'.

EXERCISE 18.

(Cases continued.)

Arrange the Nouns in italics in three columns, as Nominatives, Objectives, Vocatives:

1. Tom never disobeyed his father. 2. Maggie heard a step on the stairs. 3. Jane, you must come down. 4. William and Mary saw the comet. 5. So ended the sorrows of this day. 6. The boy knew all about worms and fish and such things. 7. Henry thought this sort of knowledge wonderful. 8. Edward and Elizabeth were on their way to the Round Pool. 9. Look, look, Richard! 10. Edward drew out the line and brought a large tench bouncing on the grass. 11. The girl liked fishing very much. 12. Life changed for the boys.

EXERCISE 19.

(Cases continued.)

(1.) Make four sentences each containing a Nominative and an Objective.

(2.) Make four sentences each containing an Objective and a Vocative.

(3.) Make four sentences each containing a Vocative and a Nominative.

EXERCISE 20.

(Cases continued.)

Arrange in four columns Nominatives, Objectives, Datives, and Possessives :

(N.B.-Only the Nouns to be done.)

1. Give every man thine ear but few thy voice. 2. Happy is the bride the sun shines on. 3. Meat and matins hinder no man's journey. 4. One man's breath is another man's death. 5. April showers bring forth May flowers. 6. Give a dog a bad name and hang him. 7. One good turn deserves another. 8. Give a rogue his due. 9. Reproof never does a wise man harm. 10. Tenterden steeple is the cause of Goodwin Sands. 11. The burnt child dreads the fire. 12. Set a thief

to catch a thief.

EXERCISE 21.

(Cases continued.)

(1.) Make four sentences each containing an Objective and a Dative.

(2.) Make four sentences each containing a Possessive and an Objective.

(3.) Make four sentences each containing a Vocative, an Objective, and a Dative.

EXERCISE 22.

(Cases continued.)

Arrange the Nouns in italics in the following passage in five columns, according to Case :

66

Wolsey was as high in station as it was possible for any English subject to be, but this did not content him. He wanted to climb higher still and be Pope. In the meantime he surrounded himself with pomp and magnificence, and the sons of the noblest families in England rendered the great Cardinal service as pages in his palace. Even his daily progress to Westminster Hall furnished the multitude a spectacle to gaze at. In front went his gentlemen-ushers bare-headed, calling out, 'Make way, my lords and masters, give the Lord Cardinal room. Then came the tallest priests that could be found in the kingdom, riding on horses which were clothed in scarlet, and bearing in their hands great silver crosses. They were followed by gentlemen who carried silver pillars, to denote that their master was a pillar of the Church. Behind these rode a long train of gentlemen splendidly apparelled, and in the midst was the great man himself in his robes of scarlet or crimson satin, mounted on a mule with trappings of gold. A hundred servants attended him and prevented the crowd from pressing too closely round their master."

EXERCISE 23.

Exercises on Gender, Number, and Case.

Correct the following errors:

1. The vallies of Switzerland have innumerable beautys. 2. He has a place among the Alexanders, the Cæsars, the Lewis', and the Charles'. 3. These news were as unexpected as they were unwelcome. 4. These things were done by the two Charles's. 5. Proper names are sometimes used to denote classes or groups: as, the two Pompey's. 6. Court-martials are held. 7. I saw a large herd of buffalos grazing. 8. Never ask any bodies leave to be honest. 9. Mr. Morris' poetry is admired by some persons. 10. He slept in the mens' apartments. 11. He bought many ladies gloves. 12. Dr. Watts' Logic may still be read. 13. Mens happiness depends for the most part upon themselves. 14. He filled his head with suitable idea's. 15. He was unable to account for the phenomenas. 16. He could not learn the formula of logic. 17. Simon, the witch, was feared by the common people. 18. He married a wife, who had lived at Crete, but was a Jew by birth. 19. Some writers have confined their attention to minutia of style. 20. Similies should, even in poetry, be used with moderation. 21. Three days time was requisite to prepare matters. 22. The sun pours her bright light upon the fields. 23. The water abounds in animalculæ. 24. It is necessary to learn the order of the stratas. 25. The Lord's amendments' were considered by the Commons.