Why are the results in number 12 mixed decimals?

117. To Change a Decimal to its Equivalent Common Fraction.

Remove the decimal point, write the proper denominator, and change the fraction to its lowest terms.

NOTE: In mixed decimals do nothing with the integral part.

16. .071, .0781, 2.213.

DENOMINATE NUMBERS.

119. 1. A Denominate Number is any concrete number.

2. A Simple Number is one in which ten units of one denomination uniformly make one of the next higher. Thus, all numbers in Federal Money or the Metric System are simple.

3. A Compound Number is one in which the ratio of increase is variable, or is some number other than ten. Thus, 5 bu. 3 pks. 7 qts. is a compound denominate number. All mixed numbers in common fractions

are compound numbers, as 15%.

MEASURES OF VALUE.

120. Federal Money.

Money is a measure of value.

Federal, or United States, Money is the money established by the Congress of the United States. The unit of measure is the dollar.

1. In business, both coin and paper are used as money

2. Coin is metal with certain characters stamped on it for the purpose of indicating its value, and of making it legally current as money. The coins are: Gold-The double-eagle, eagle, half-eagle, and quarter-eagle. Silver-Dollar, half-dollar, quarterdollar, and dime. Nickel-The five-cent piece. Bronze-The

one-cent piece.

3. The weight of the gold dollar is 25.8 grains Troy; of the silver dollar, 412.5 grains Troy.

4. Gold and silver coins are hardened and made more durable by an alloy of copper. The gold coins contain 9 parts of gold and 1 part of copper; the silver coins contain 9 parts of silver and 1 part of copper. The five-cent piece contains 1 part nickel and 3 parts copper; and the one-cent piece, 19 parts copper and 1 part tin and zinc.

5. Paper money consists of Treasury notes, United States notes, National bank notes, and gold, silver, and currency certificates. All these are really promises to pay money, but they are used the same as money.

EXERCISES.

121. Read the following decimally; then as dollars, cents, and mills:

1. $14.50; 88; $.45; $5.04; $11.111; $.373.

2. $80.765; 81.01; $100.001; $.66.

3. $150.055; 8.4444; $97.40; $13.105.

4. $4.001; $175.00; $.621; $.0034.

Express the following in figures:

5. Five dollars fifty cents; twenty-five cents.

6. Seventeen and thirty-five hundredths dollars; twenty dollars twelve cents five mills.

7.

Eighty-five dollars ten cents six mills; forty

eight mills.

All the operations in Federal Money are performed just like similar operations with other simple numbers.

122. English Money.

English, or Sterling, Money is the money of the British Empire.

The unit is the pound sterling (sovereign). Its nominal value is $4.8665 in Federal Money.

What is reduction? (See Section 95, p. 108.) When the new unit is smaller than the given one, the change is called "Reduction Descending." When the new unit is larger than the given one, the change is called "Reduction Ascending."

ORAL EXERCISES.

124. 1. How many farthings are there in 6d.? In 9d.? In 12d.?

2. How many pence are there in 5s.?

12s. ? 15s.?

7s. ? 9s.?

How many shillings are there in £2? £3? £5? £11?

4. How many farthings in 4d. 2 far.? 7d. 1 far.? 11d. 3 far.?

5. How many pence in 3s. 6d.? 6s. 10d.? 8s. 5d.?

6.

How many shillings in £1 15s.? £4 7s.? £9 10s.?

7. How many pence in 20 far.? 42 far.? 50 far.?

28 far.?

37 far.?

8. How many shillings in 24d.? 36d.? 50d.? 75d.? 132d.?

9. How many pounds in 25s.? 47s.? 70s.? 93s.? 140s.?

10.

How many shillings in 48d.? 96d.? 144d.? 175d.? 288d.?

WRITTEN EXERCISES.

125. 11. Reduce £6 13s. 9d. 2 far. to farthings.