PERCENTAGE.

225. 1. What is of $200? of $200?

of $200?

2. What is of 800 yds.? 1 of 800 yds.? 1 of 800 yds.?

3. What is of 30 T.? 18 of 30 T.? 30 T.?

10% of

4. What is 16 of 8 A.? 15 of 8 A.? 18 of 8 A.?

5. What part of $100 is $1? Are $2? Are $7? Are $13?

6. What part of 200 pts. are 2 pts.? How many hundredths?

7. What part of 300 men are 12 men? How many hundredths?

8. 18 mi. are how many hundredths of 300 mi.? 9. 20 sheep are how many hundredths of 400 sheep? 10. 90 lbs. are how many hundredths of 1,000 lbs.? 11. What part of 50 cts. are 2 cts.? How many hundredths?

12.

What part of 10 pens is 1 pen? How many

hundredths?

13.7 posts are how many hundredths of 25 posts? 7 posts are what part of 25 posts? (How can you change to hundredths?)

14. 4 ships are how many hundredths of 5 ships?

15. $8 are how many hundredths of $40?

16. 9 days are how many hundredths of 30 days?

(The system of making computations by hundredths is called Percentage.)

Per Cent is a contraction of the Latin per centum, and means hundredth or hundredths. Thus, 1 per cent means 9 per cent means; of 2 per cent means.

per cent means

Business men use the sign % instead of the words Per cent may also be written decimally.

per cent. Hence:

227. 1. A man having $80, gave 5% of it for a hat. What did the hat cost?

EXPLANATION: 5% of $80-$4. Or, 1% of $80-$.80, and 5% (180)=5 times $.80=$4. Hence, the hat cost $4. (Compare this problem with Problem 1, Section 198, p. 188.) (Is there anything new in this problem?)

2. A man having $80, gave $4 for a hat. What per cent (or how many hundredths) of his money did he give for the hat?

EXPLANATION: $4 is

of $80. ==180=5%. Hence, he

gave 5% of his money for the hat.

3. There were 40 sheep in a pasture. 7 were killed. What per cent of the whole number were killed?

EXPLANATION: 7 is of 40. We want to change to a fraction whose denominator is 100. By multiplying 40, the present denominator, by 2, we shall have 100 for a new denominator; but to preserve the value of the fraction, the numerator 7 must also be multiplied by 24. (See Prin. I, p. 107.) %=173=174%. Hence, 17% of the flock were killed.

4. A farmer raised 600 bu. of wheat, and sold all but 108 bu. What per cent of the crop did he keep?

600

EXPLANATION: 108 bu.=188 of 600 bu. To change 188 to hundredths, we can divide both terms by 6. (See Prin. II, p. 107.) 188==18%. Hence, he kept 18% of the crop.

5. A man paid $40 for a cow, which was 62% of his money. How much money had he at first?

EXPLANATION: 62%=g. If $40 is of his money, of his money is of $40, which is $8; and his money at first was 8 times $8, cr $64. Hence, he had $64 at first. (Compare this problem with Problem 2, Section 222, p. 230.) (Is there anything new in this problem?)

6. A man gave 30% of his money for a cart, and had $56 left. How many dollars had he at first?

EXPLANATION: 30%. If he gave of his money for a cart, he had % of his money left. Then, $56 is of the money he had at first. of the money he had at first is of $56, which is $8, and the money he had at first is 10 times $8, or $80.

7.

John has $80, which is 25% more money than Elmer has. How many dollars has Elmer?

EXPLANATION: 25%, and $80 is of Elmer's money. of his money is of $80, which is $16; and his money is 4 times $16, which is $64.

8. A man having 400 A. of land, gave his son 25% of it. How many acres did his son get?

9. A laborer agreed to dig potatoes for 16% of the number of bushels he should dig. If he dug 180 bu., how many bushels did he receive?

10. Out of a cask containing 30 gals. of vinegar, 15 gals. were drawn. What per cent of the vinegar was drawn?

11. In a class of 24 pupils, 15 are girls. What per cent of the class are girls? (Change to hundredths.)

12. A clerk's expenses are $400, which is 80% of his salary. What is his salary?

13. If to John's age, 50% of it be added, the sum will be 24 yrs. How old is he?

14. $75 is 25% less than Ellen's money. How much money has she?

15. I bought 24 lbs. of sugar, but lost 6 lbs. by breaking the bag which contained it. What per cent of the purchase did I lose?

16. A gardener sold 66% of 150 choice fruit trees. How many did he sell?

17. A man earns $18 a week, which is 20% more than his son earns. How much does his son earn?

18. A fire destroyed 70% of a stock of goods, and the value of the goods destroyed was $1,400. What was the value of the entire stock?

19. A school enrolled 280 pupils, and the average number in daily attendance was 87% of the enrollment. What was the daily attendance? (Subtract of 280 from 280. Why?)

20. In a class of 48 pupils, 4 errors were made in spelling 1 word each. What per cent of the words were missed?