(2) Example: Divide 6.646250 by 10.634. Solution: $6,25 Ano. 1 0 6 3 4 6 6 4 6 2 5 0 63804 26585 21268 53170 53170 FIGURE 13. g. If decimal points are involved in a division, as a rule the remainder is not indicated when the division does not come out even. In lieu thereof extra zeros are added to the dividend, and the division is continued until the quotient has as many figures as desired. h. Mixed numbers.-In e above it was stated that 16 4647 6 3 --774 +6"" When the plus (+) sign is omitted, then 774 is called a mixed number. A mixed number is simply the sum of a whole number and a fraction written without the plus sign. To convert a mixed number to a pure fraction, multiply the whole number by the denominator of i. Checks. Any division may be checked by multiplying the divisor by the quotient and adding the remainder. The result is always the dividend. Example: Check the answer to example in g (2) above. Solution: .62482×10.637=6.64621034 6.64621034+remainder=6.64621034 j. Units. As in multiplication, any two different quantities may be divided, even though the units are not the same. The quotient is expressed in a unit which is itself the quotient of the units of the dividend and the divisor. (1) Example: Divide 175 miles by 10 hours. Solution: 175 miles = 17.5 miles Answer, In units of this type it is customary to write the denominator in the singular and to use the stroke (/) to separate the numerator from the denominator: 17.5 miles/hour, or 17.5 miles/hr. Although "miles/ hour" really means miles divided by hours it is usual to substitute the word "per" for "divided." Hence "miles/hour" is read as miles per hour, the standard abbreviation for which is mph. (2) Example: Divide 500 pounds by 50 square inches. k. Exercises.-Perform the indicated divisions and express the quotient as a mixed number. (1) 894/16 (2) 755/24 3638 Answer. 1. Exercises. In the following exercises, express the quotient as a decimal. Round off the decimal part of the quotient to two places. (1) 73.01/3.4 (2) .345/.36 .958 Solution: 36/34.500 32 4 2 10 1 80 300 Since only two decimal places are to be obtained, the quotient is rounded off to .96. Answer. If the figure to be thrown away is greater than or equal to 5, increase the figure on the left by 1. If the figure is less than 5, do not change the preceding figure. Thus: .953.95; 1.057=1.06; 1.053= 1.05, etc. 8. Conversion of decimal fractions to common fractions.- -a. A number which consists of a decimal point followed by a sequence of figures is called a decimal fraction. Thus, .33, .9899, .00467, and .00335 are all decimal fractions. Since 33 divided by 100 is .33, then 9,899 and .00467 10,000' .33 33 100 Similarly, .9899 467 100,000 Therefore, to express any decimal fraction in fractional form, write the number without the decimal point and divided it by 1 followed by as many zeros as there are figures after the decimal point in the given number. (1) Example: Express .023678 in fractional form. (2) Example: Express 4.0785 in fractional form. Solution: First express .0785 as a fraction: b. As stated in paragraph 7e, a fraction such as 54/16 or just an indicated division. Very frequently in calculations it is much easier to carry a fraction along as a fraction than it is to “divide it out." Later on, this problem will be considered in detail. At present, however, there is one very important rule of operation on fractions which should be mastered. (1) This rule is that both the dividend (numerator) and divisor (denominator) of any fraction may be divided or multiplied by any number (except zero), without changing the value of the fraction. For example, if the numerator (54) and the denominator (16) of the 54 27 54 fraction are both divided by 2, then according to this rule 16 16 8 (2) This rule allows zeros to be added to any given decimal number. since .27 = 27 100' for example, by the rule, both numerator and denomi nator can be multiplied by 10. Then fractional value is unchanged, .27 .270. 270 = .270 and because the 1,000 c. A fraction is said to be in its lowest terms or simplest form if there is no number which will divide both the numerator and denominator evenly. The operation of finding the simplest form of a fraction is called reduction to lowest terms or simplification. This can be simplified still more by dividing by 2: d. Exercises. In the following exercises express the given decimal fractions in fractional form and then simplify. When possible, express the simplified fraction as a mixed number. e. Percentage.-Percent means a number with an understood de nominator of 100. For example, 50 percent (%) means (1) To change from percent to a decimal, divide the number of percent by 100, which is equivalent to moving the decimal point two places to the left, and omit "percent." (a) Example: Change 42 percent to a decimal. Solution: 42 percent=42/100=.42 Answer. (b) Example: Change .9 percent to a decimal. Solution: .9 percent=,9/100=.009 Answer. (c) Example: Change % to a decimal. 1 Solution: %=.5%=.5/100=.005 Answer. |
