4. A merchant buys two hogsheads of sugar, one weighing 8cwt. 3qr. 21lb. ; the other, 9cwt. 2qr. 6lb, ; he sells two barrels, one weighing 3cwt. 1qr. 12l6. 14oz.; the other, 2cwt. 3qr. 15lb. 6oz.: how much remains on hand? Ans. 12cwt. 267b. 12oz. 5. A man sets out upon a journey and has 200 miles to travel; the first day he travels 9 leagues 2 miles 7 furlongs 30 rods; the second day 12 leagues 1 mile 1 furlong; the third day 14 leagues; the fourth day 15 leagues 2 miles 5 furlongs 35 rods: how far had he then to travel? Ans. 14L. 1mi. 1fur. 15rd. 6. A farmer has two meadows, one containing 9A. 3R. 37P., the other containing 10A. 2R. 25P.; also three pastures, the first containing 12A. 1R. 1P., the second containing 13A. 3R., and the third 6A. 1R. 39P.: by how many acres does the pasture exceed the meadow land? Ans. 11A. 3R. 18P. 7. Supposing the declaration of independence to have been published at precisely 12 o'clock on the 4th of July 1776, how much time elapsed to the 1st of January 1833, at 25 minutes past 3 P. M.? Ans. 56yr. 181da. 3hr. 25m. 8. A farmer has three granaries, one for wheat, one for rye, and one for corn: he fills them all. His wheat granary contains 657bu. 3pk. 6qt.; the corn granary 257bu. 1pk. 1qt.; the rye granary 459bu. 2pk. 7qt.: how much grain had he in all, and how much more wheat than rye? Ans. In all 1374bu. 3pk. 6qt. 2. A father was born on the 8th of December, 1759, his first son on the 4th of June, 1795: what was the difference of their ages? Ans. 35yr. 5mo. 27da. 10. A merchant has a bill to pay of £600. He has £250 19s 8d in cash, a good note against A for £75 10s 6d and a note against B for £37 11s 9d: how much money does he want to make the payment? Ans. £235 18s 1d. 11. A tailor requires lyd. 3qr. 3na. of cloth for a father's coat and lyd. 1qr. 2na. for each of the two sons: the father buys 6 yards, does he buy too much or too little? Ans. lyd. 1qr. Ina. too much. MULTIPLICATION OF DENOMINATE NUMBERS. $97. To multiply a denominate number by a simple one is to repeat the denominate number as many times as there are units in the multiplier. CASE I. $98. When the simple number does not exceed 12. RULE. I. Write down the denominate number and set the multiplier under the lowest denomination. II. Multiply the lowest denomination by the multiplier, and see how many units of the next higher denomination are contained in the product, and set down the excess as in addition. III. Multiply the next higher denomination by the multiplier and add the units to be carried from the last product; then reduce the sum to units of next higher denomination, write down the exc proceed in the same way for all the denominations, setting down the entire product when you come to the last. QUESTIONS. § 97. What is required when you are to multiply a denominate number by a simple one? §.98. When the simple number does not exceed 12, how do you write it down? How do you begin to multiply? How do you carry? EXAMPLES. 4 Multiply £3 9s 10d by 4. In this example we say, times 10d are 40d, equal to 3s and 4d. Set down the 4d in the lower line. Then 4 times 9s are 36s and 3s to carry make 39s, equal to £1 and 19s over set down the 19s. Then 4 times £3 are £12 and £1 to carry make £13. 6d 1. What is the cost of 4 yards of cloth at £1 3s per yard? The amount per yard multiplied by the number of yards will evidently give the entire cost. 2. What will be the cost of 9 hats, at 9s 9d each? Ans. £4 7s 9d. 3. A farmer has 11 bags of corn each containing 2bu. 1pk. 3qt.: how much corn in all the bags? Ans. 25bu. 3pk. 1qt. bd. 4. What is the cost of 12 bushels of wheat at 9s. per bushel? Ans. £5 14s. 5. How much sugar in 12 barrels, each containing 3cwt. 2qr. 27lb.? Ans. 2T. 4cwt. 3qr. 167b. 6. In 7 loads of wood, each containing 1 cord and 2 cord feet, how many cords? Ans. 8 cords. 6 cord feet. CASE II. § 99. When the simple number is greater than 12 and a composite number. RULE. Multiply the denominate number by one of the component parts, or factors, and then multiply the product by the other factors in succession: the last product is the one required. 8d Ex. 1. Multiply £6 2s 9d by 48=6×8. Ans. £294 12s. 2. What will 24 barrels of flour cost, at £2 11s per barrel ? Ans. £62. 3. What is the cost of 42cwt. of tallow, at £1 14s 6d per cwt. ? 9d Ans. £72 9s. 4. What is the cost of 120 dozen of candles at 5s per dozen? Ans. £34 10s. 5. How much water will be contained in 96 h heads, each containing 62gal. 1qt. 1pt. 1g Ans. 5991 CASE III. § 100. When the simple number exceeds 12 and is not a composite number. RULE. Multiply the simple number by each of the denominations separately, and reduce each product to the highest denomination named. Then add the several products together, and their sum will be the answer sought. Ex. 1. Multiply £5 3s 8d by 13. 13 13 13 Ans. £67 7s 8d. 2. Multiply £6 8s 9d by 139. 139 x 9d=1251d=£ 5 4s 3d 139 × 6£ £834 = £834 00 Ans. £894 16s 3d. 3. Multiply £0 2s 4d by 195. Ans. £22 15s. 4. What is the cost of 46 bushels of wheat at 4s Ans. £10 11s 91d. 74d per bushel? 3d 5. What is the cost of 117cwt. of raisins at £1 2s per cwt. ? QUESTIONS. Ans. £130 3s 3d. § 99. How do you multiply when the simple number is greater than 12 and a composite number? 100. How do you multiply when the simple number ex2 and is not a composite number? |