7. What is the quotient of 129,75896, divided by 8? By,08? By ,008? By ,0008? By ,00008? 8. What is the quotient of 187,29900, divided by 9? By,9? By ,09? By ,009? By ,0009? By ,00009? 9. What is the quotient of 764,2043244, divided by 6? By,06? By ,006? By ,0006? By ,00006? By ,000006? § 130. NOTE 1. When any decimal number is to be divided by 10, 100, 1000, &c. the division is made by removing the decimal point as many places to the left as there are O's in the divisor; and if there be not so many figures on the left of the decimal point, the deficiency must be supplied by prefixing ciphers. Q. How do you divide a decimal number by 10, 100, 1000, &c.? If there be not as many figures to the left of the decimal point as there are ciphers in the divisor, what do you do? § 131. NOTE 2. When there are more decimal places in the divisor than in the dividend, annex as many ciphers to the dividend as are necessary to make its decimal places equal to those of the divisor; all the figures of the quotient will then be whole numbers. 2. Divide 2194,02194 by ,100001. 3. Divide 9811,0047 by ,325947. 4. Divide,1 by ,0001. 5. Divide 10 by,1. 6. Divide 6 by ,6. By ,06. By ,006. By ,003. By,5. By ,05. By,05. Q. If there are more dend, what do you do? By,005. decimal places in the divisor than in the diviWhat will the figures of the quotient then be ? § 132. NOTE 3. When it is necessary to continue the division farther than the figures of the dividend will allow, we may annex ciphers and consider them as decimal places of the dividend. EXAMPLES. 1. Divide 4,25 by 1,25. In this example we annex one 0 and then the decimal places in the dividend will exceed those in the divisor by 1. 2. Divide,2 by ,06. We see in this example that the division will never terminate. In such cases the division should be carried to the third or fourth place, which will give the answer true enough for all practical purposes, and the sign should then be written, to show that the division may be still continued. 3. Divide 37,4 by 4,5. 4. Divide 586,4 by 375. 5. Divide 94,0369 by 81,032. OPERATION. 1,25)4,25(3,4 3,75 500 500 Ans. 3,4 OPERATION. ,06),20(3,33+ 18 20 18 20 18 20 Ans. 3,33+. Ans. 8,3111+. Ans. 1,160+. Q. How do you continue the division after you have brought down all the figures of the dividend? What sign do you place after the quotient? What does it show? APPLICATIONS IN THE FOUR PRECEDING RULES. 1. A merchant sold 4 parcels of cloth, the first contained 127 and 3 thousandths yards; the 2nd, 6 and 3 tenths yards; the 3rd, 4 and one hundredth yards; the 4th, 90 and one millionth yards: how many yards did he sell in all? Ans. 227,313001yd. 2. A merchant buys three chests of tea, the first contains 60 and one thousandth 7b.; the second, 39 and one ten thousandth 7b.; the third, 26 and one-tenth 7b.: how much did he buy in all? Ans. lb. 3. What is the sum of $20 and three hundredths; $4 and one-tenth, $6 and one thousandth, and $18 and one hundredth? Ans. $48,141. 4. A puts in trade $504,342; B puts in $350,1965; C puts in $100,11; D puts in $99,334; and E puts in $9001,32: what is the whole amount put in? come to? Ans. $ 5. B has $936, and A has $1, 3 dimes and 1 mill: how much more money has B than A? Ans. $934,699. 6. A merchant buys 37,5 yards of cloth, at one dollar twenty-five cents per yard: how much does the whole Ans. $46,875. 7. A farmer sells to a merchant 13,12 cords of wood at $4,25 per cord, and 13 bushels of wheat at $1,06 per bushel he is to take in payment 13 yards of broadcloth at $4,07 per yard, and the remainder in cash: how much money did he receive? Ans. $16,63. : 8. If 12 men had each $339 one dime 9 cents and 3 mills, what would be the total amount of their money? Ans. $ 9. If one man can remove 5,91 cubic yards of earth in a day, how much could nineteen men remove? 10. What is the cost of 8,3 yards of yard? 11. If a man earns one dollar and how much will he earn in a year? Ans. 112,29yd. cloth at $5,47 per Ans. $45,401. one mill per day, Ans. $ 12. What will be the cost of 375 thousandths of a cord of wood, at $2 per cord? Ans. $0,75. 13. A man leaves an estate of $1473,194 to be equally divided among 12 heirs: what is each one's portion? Ans. $122,766 REDUCTION OF VULGAR FRACTIONS TO DECIMALS. § 133. The value of every vulgar fraction is equal to the quotient arising from dividing the numerator by the denominator (see § 44.) EXAMPLES. 1. What is the value in decimals of 2. We first divide 9 by 2 which gives a quotient 4, and 1 for a remainder. Now 1 is equal to 10 tenths. If then we add a cipher, 2 will divide 10, giving the quotient 5 tenths. Hence the true quotient is 4,5 2. What is the value of 13. We first divide by 4 which gives a quotient 3 and a remainder 1. But 1 is equal to 100 hundredths. If then we add two ciphers, 4 will divide the 100, giving a quotient of 25 hundredths. OPERATION. 2=41, but, 41=40=4,5 OPERATION. 13=31; but 31=3100=3,25. Hence, to reduce a vulgar fraction to a decimal, we have the following RULE. I. Annex one or more ciphers to the numerator and then divide by the denominator. II. If there is a remainder, annex a cipher or ciphers, and divide again, and continue to annex ciphers and to divide until there is no remainder or until the quotient is sufficiently exact: the number of decimal places to be pointed off in the quotient is the same as the number of ciphers used; and when there are not so many, ciphers must be prefixed. Q. What is the value of a fraction equal to? What is the value of four-halves? What is the decimal value of one-half? Of threehalves? Of six-fourths? Of nine-halves? Of seven-halves? Of five-fourths? Of one-fourth? Give the rule for reducing a vulgar fraction to a decimal. EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce to its equivalent decimal. We here use two ciphers and therefore point off two decimal places in the quotient. 2. Reduce and 112 to decimals. OPERATION. 125)635(5,08 625 1000 1000 6. 210456891 Reduce, 38, 325, 574 to decimals. Ans. 1,333; 0,162+; 0,792+; 4,666+. REDUCTION OF DENOMINATE DECIMALS. § 134. We have seen that a denominate number is one in which the kind of unit is denominated or expressed (see § 45.) A denominate decimal is a decimal fraction in which the kind of unit that has been divided is expressed. Thus, ,5 of a £, and ,6 of a shilling, are denominate decimals. The unit that was divided in the first fraction being £1, and that in the second 1 shilling. Q. What is a denominate number? What is a denominate decimal? In the decimal five-tenths of a £, what is the unit? In the decimal six-tenths of a shilling, what is the unit? CASE I. § 135. To find the value of a denominate number in decimals of a higher denomination. EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 9d to the decimal of a £. We first find that there are 240 pence in £1. We then divide 9d by 240, which gives the quotient ,0375 of a £. This is the true value of 9d in the decimal of a £. OPERATION. 240d=£1 240)9(,0375 Ans. £,0375. |