graduated at the University of Virginia in 1850, and in 1853 was admitted to the bar. Afterward he was district attorney for Charlotte County. In the civil war he served in the Confederate army. He settled in Richmond in 1873. He served four terms in the Virginia Legislature, and was president of the Virginia Historical Society. He filled the same office in the American Historical Association in 1891, and was a trustee of the Peabody Educational fund. In 1876 he delivered the oration at the Philadelphia Centennial; and at the centennial of the laying of the corner stone of the Capitol at Washington, in 1893, he was the orator of the day. In 1898 he was a delegate to the Congress of History at The Hague. He devoted much time and labor to historical researches, and published The Life, Correspondence, and Speeches of Patrick Henry (his paternal grandfather); Patrick Henry, the Earliest Advocate of American Independence: The Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas; The Truth Concerning George Rogers Clark; A Defense of Captain John Smith's Narrative; Sir Walter Raleigh; and many historical papers and addresses.

Heywood, Joseph Converse, author, born in Cumberland County, Maine, in 1834; died in Rome, Italy, Dec. 19, 1900. He was graduated at Harvard University in 1855, and at the law school three years later. After practicing law in New York city ten years, he devoted himself for a time to dramatic criticism and general literary work, but in 1878 settled in Rome, which continued to be his home henceforth, the famous Torlonia palace there having come into his possession. His writings comprise Salome, the Daughter of Herodias (1862), reissued in 1867 as Herodias, together with two other dramatic poems, Antonius and Salome; How Will it End? A Romance (1872); How they Strike One, these Authors (1877); Sforza: A Tragedy in Verse (1885); Lady Merton: A Tale of the Eternal City (1891); and II Nano Italiano: A Libretto (1892).

Hill, Nathaniel Peter, metallurgist, born near Montgomery, N. Y., Feb. 18, 1832; died in Denver, Col., May 22, 1900. From the age of sixteen he superintended his father's farm for five years. In 1853 he entered Brown University as a student of applied chemistry suitable for agriculture, and he was graduated there in 1856. He remained at Brown as instructor in chemistry, and in 1859 was made professor, which chair he occupied till 1864. In that year he was sent by Boston capitalists to investigate the mineral characteristics of Gilpin County, Colorado; he became interested in the processes of extracting gold and silver from the unworkable ores, and after several trips abroad he organized the Boston and Colorado Smelting Company, and was made its general manager. With an associate (a Mr. Pierce, from Wales), he invented a process of extracting gold and silver from matte which was really the foundation of the great mining industries of Colorado, as previous to this invention all matte had been sent to England. The headquarters of the company were at Black Hawk, Col. In 1871 he was elected mayor of Black Hawk, and in 1872-'73 was member of the Territorial Council. In 1879 he was elected United States Senator. He was an advocate of the free coinage of silver, and spoke frequently on the subject. In 1891 he was one of the three members of the International Monetary Commission, and also served for a time as regent of the Smithsonian Institution. In business life he had been president of the United Oil Company, Colorado Smelting and Mining Company, and Demargo Land Company, and proprietor of the Denver Republican.

Hinckley, Francis Edward, civil engineer, born in Elmira, N. Y., March 14, 1834; died in West New Brighton, N. Y., Sept. 6, 1900. He was graduated at Knox College, and went to Chicago in 1870, where he was engaged in bridge building and railroad undertakings from 1875 till 1890. Later he became president of the Chicago, Pekin and Southwestern Railroad, and acquired large interests in other railroads. He was connected with the Niagara Power and Development Company, and a projector of a large steel company in Canada. He was an incorporator of Chicago University, and a generous contributor to it.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron, educator, born in Wadsworth, Ohio, March 31, 1837; died in Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 29, 1900. At the age of sixteen he entered Hiram College, where he met James A. Garfield, who was five and a half years his senior, and they became fast friends. Prof. Hinsdale began teaching in the public schools; later he was principal in an academy, and in 1870 he was made president of Hiram College. His presideney of this institution covered a period of twelve years. During this time he published his first books: The Genuineness and Authenticity of the Gospels (1872); The Jewish-Christian Church (1878); Ecclesiastical Tradition (1879). Some of his other papers written at this time were afterward gathered into a volume entitled Schools and Studies. From 1882 till 1886 he was superintendent of the Cleveland public schools, and in 1888 he was appointed to the chair of the Science and Art of Teaching in the University of Michigan. His other books are President Garfield and Education; The Old Northwest; The American Government; How to Study and Teach History; Teaching the Language Arts; Jesus as a Teacher; and Studies in Education. He edited The Works of James A. Garfield (2 vols.).

Hitchcock, Hiram, hotel keeper, born in Claremont, N. H., Aug. 27, 1832; died in New York city, Dec. 30, 1900. He prepared for Dartmouth College at the Black River Academy, Ludlow, Vt., but instead of entering college became an instructor. In 1853, on account of failing health, he went to New Orleans, where he entered the office of the St. Charles Hotel. In 1859, with Paran Stevens and Alfred B. Darling, he opened the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York. In 1866 he retired from business and traveled extensively in Egypt, Syria, Cyprus, Greece, and Italy. In 1871 he returned to Hanover, N. H., and in the following year announced to the world the famous discoveries of Gen. di Cesnola in Cyprus. He was connected with many learned and scientific bodies, and always took a deep interest in the explorations in Egypt, Palestine, and South America, and in the American School in Athens. In 1877 he represented Hanover in the New Hampshire Legislature. In 1879 he resumed his connection with the Fifth Avenue Hotel. He was trustee and director in many educational and financial institutions, and was president of the company that built the Madison Square Garden in New York. He was president of the Nicaragua Canal Association that obtained the concessions from Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and on the organization of the Maritime Canal Company, in May, 1889, he was elected its president.

Hoadly, Charles Jeremy, librarian, born in Hartford, Conn., Aug. 1, 1828; died there, Oct. 21, 1900. He was graduated at Trinity College in 1851, and was admitted to the bar in 1855, but never practiced law. In 1854 he was appointed librarian of Trinity College, and in April, 1855, was made State Librarian of Connecticut, which office he held until his death. He was the editor

of 16 volumes of the Connecticut colonial records and of Goodwin's Genealogical Notes. In 1889 he was made a doctor of laws by Trinity College. Hodge, Cortlandt van Rensselaer, missionary of the Presbyterian Board, born in Burlington, N. J., July 1, 1872; Elsie Campbell (Sinclair) Hodge, born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Dec. 15, 1874; both killed in Paoting-Fu, Chi-Li province, China, June 30, 1900. Dr. Hodge was graduated at Princeton in 1893, and at the University of Pennsylvania, medical department, in 1897. Mrs. Hodge was graduated at Bryn Mawr College in 1897. They sailed for China in March, 1899. Hoffman, James H., philanthropist, born in Sieligenstadt, Bavaria, Nov. 5, 1833; died in New York city, July 8, 1900. He came to America in 1855, having been previously employed by the Rothschilds in Frankfort-on-the-Main, engaged in the manufacture of paper collars, and was the organizer of the Standard Collar Company. He was connected with various manufacturing interests, and was interested in educational and philanthropic organizations. He was a director of the Baron de Hirsch fund, and treasurer and a director of the Borough Homes Company. For fourteen years he served as treasurer of the United Hebrew Charities, resigning a few years ago. The Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum Society found in him an interested helper. Mr. Hoffman was a trustee of Temple Emanu-El, and twelve years ago he founded the Hebrew Technical Institute, of which he was president at the time of his death.

Hoffman, Wickham, lawyer, born in New York city in 1821; died in Atlantic City, N. J., May 21, 1900. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1842, and practiced law till the outbreak of the civil war. He was appointed aidde-camp to Gov. Morgan, and was sent to inspect the New York troops at Fort Monroe. In March, 1862, he entered the volunteer service as assistant adjutant general, and served on the staff of Gen. Williams. He was at the capture of New Orleans, and took part in expeditions to Vicksburg and Baton Rouge. For a time he served on the staff of Gen. Sherman. In 1863 he took part in the expedition to Texas and in the Red river campaign. In 1864 he was appointed assistant adjutant general of eastern Virginia and North Carolina, and in March, 1865, was assigned to duty in New Orleans. In 1865 he was appointed adjutant general and chief of staff to Gen. Canby. In 1866 he resigned, and was appointed assistant secretary of legation at Paris. In 1867 he was made secretary of legation, and he filled the office nine years. He was transferred to London in 1875, and in 1877 to St. Petersburg, where for six years he acted as chargé d'affaires. In 1882 he was appointed minister resident and consul general to Denmark; he served till 1884, when he retired to private life. He was the author of Camp, Court, and Siege (London, 1877), and Leisure Hours in America (1883). Hovey, Richard, poet, born in Normal, Ill., May 4, 1864; died in New York city, Feb. 24, 1900. After graduation at Dartmouth College he studied at the General Theological Seminary in New York, but abandoned his intention of entering the Episcopal ministry after serving for a short while as a lay assistant. During the remainder of his career he was by turns actor, journalist, and lecturer on English literature. He was a student of the later French and Belgian poets, and published an English translation of Maeterlinck. His verse, much of which is in dramatic form, exhibits unusual promise, each successive effort being a gain upon that which had preceded it. "That his aim was high," writes Mr. Stedman, "is shown even by his failures; and in his death there is no doubt

that America has lost one of her best equipped lyrical and dramatic singers." His works comprise The Laurel: An Ode (Washington, 1889); Launcelot and Guenevere: A Poem in Dramas (New York, 1891); Seaward: An Elegy upon the Death of Thomas William Parsons (1893); songs from Vagabondia, with Bliss Carman (1893); More Songs from Vagabondia, with Bliss Carman (1896); Along the Trail (1898); The Quest of Merlin; The Marriage of Guenevere; The Birth of Galahad, a trilogy, the first two parts of which had appeared in 1891 as Launcelot and Guenevere and were now reprinted with some revision and amplifications (1898). Taliesin: A Masque, perhaps his most finished effort (1900), and Last Songs from Vagabondia, with Bliss Carman (1900), were issued posthumously.

The

Howard, Samuel, naval officer, born near Dublin, Ireland, in 1828; died in Washington, D. C., Jan. 14, 1900. His parents came to the United States when he was a boy, and settled in Newport, R. I. At the age of sixteen he ran away to sea, and his life for over half a century was spent upon the water. His first voyage was to the Mediterranean, and for several years he was captain of a merchant vessel sailing between New England and points in Cuba and the West Indies. At the outbreak of the civil war he was commissioned a lieutenant in the volunteer navy and placed in command of the gunboat Neosho, doing patrol duty on the lower Mississippi. Later he was transferred to the Amanda as acting master, to patrol the Atlantic coast south of Norfolk. He reached that port just at the time the Monitor came down to battle with the Merrimac. pilot of the Monitor having refused to pilot her through Hampton Roads, Lieut. Howard volunteered to undertake the task. He ran the Monitor, commanded by Capt. Worden, right up alongside the Minnesota in the nick of time, and in the fight with the Merrimac which followed Howard was the only man in the conning tower with Capt. Worden, and to him in a great measure was due the successful outcome of the engagement. At the close of the war he resigned from the navy and received a commission as third lieutenant in the revenue marine service. He was stationed for various periods at New Orleans, Savannah, Baltimore, Cedar Keys, and Mobile. He rose to the grade of second lieutenant, but in an examination held in 1891 he was proved physically unfit for promotion, and was placed at the foot of the secondlieutenant grade, out of the line of promotion.

Hoyt, Charles Hale, American dramatist, born in Concord, N. H., July 26, 1860; died in Charlestown, N. H., Nov. 20, 1900. He was graduated at the Boston Latin School, and studied law. He was an appointee to West Point Military Academy, but failed to pass the physical examination. In 1875 he tried stock raising in Colorado, but returned to the East and engaged in journalism on the St. Albans (Vt.) Advertiser. He then became a writer for the Boston Post, of which he was musical and dramatic critic. While in this place he turned his attention to play writing. His first effort was a sketch called Gifford's Luck, which was produced with success at the Howard Athenæum, Boston, in 1882. His next work was a melodrama, Cezalia, which also was well received. He then wrote A Bunch of Keys, at the suggestion of Willie Edouin and Alice Atherton, and it was first presented by these two comedians at Providence, R. I., but was coldly received. The late Charles W. Thomas, who was an intimate friend of Mr. Hoyt's, liked it, and assisted him to improve it. These two thereafter entered into collaboration, and continued as partners until Mr.

was vice-president. After Congress had agreed to aid the enterprise by an issue of bonds, he and his associates carried on the construction of the railroad out of their private means till the bonds became available by the completion of a stipulated mileage. The Central Pacific was finished in 1869, the last spike being driven May 10. Having carried through so gigantic a scheme, Mr. Huntington had the confidence of all the great financiers of the country, and was enabled to command unlimited capital in any of his later undertakings. At the time of his death there were merged into the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, of which he had been the promoter and was the president, 26 corporations, with more than 9,000 miles of railroad track and 5,000 miles of steamship line. He had succeeded in completing the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, in which many other contractors had been ruined. He turned the village of Newport News, Va., into a thriving town, and had invested more than $7,000,000 in a shipyard there, which employs thousands of men. He had the reputation of being one of the largest single landholders in the country, holding title to vast tracts of undeveloped land in California, Kentucky, West Virginia, Mexico, and Guatemala, as well as valuable real estate in New York city, and four large hotels. Some of his vast wealth he used in philanthropic ways. In 1886 he erected a massive granite church in his native town, to the memory of his mother. In October, 1891, he gave to the town of Westchester, N. Y., a library and reading room. In February, 1897, he presented to the Metropolitan Museum of Art the celebrated portrait of Washington painted by C. W. Peale. For colored people he aided greatly in the construction and equipment of the Hampton (Va.) Normal Agricultural Institute and the Tuskegee (Ala.) Normal and Industrial Institute; to the latter he gave as an endowment fund $50,000 on Dec. 6, 1899. His collection of art objects-paintings, carvings, etc. -was worth $500,000; he left an estate valued at $35,000,000.

Ingalls, John James, lawyer, born in Middleton, Mass., Dec. 29, 1833; died in Las Vegas, New Mexico, Aug. 16, 1900. He was graduated at Williams College in 1855, and was admitted to the bar in 1857. In October, 1858, he removed to Atchison, Kan. In 1859 he became a member of the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention; in 1860 was made secretary of the Territorial Council, and in 1861 secretary of the Kansas Senate. In 1862 he was elected to the State Senate, and the same year he was the unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant Governor. After his defeat he became editor of the Atchison Champion, which place he held from 1863 till 1865. He was again defeated as a candidate for Lieutenant Governor in 1864. In 1872 he was elected to the United States Senate, and he served continuously in that body from 1873 till 1891. During the last three years of that time he was president pro tem. of the Senate. He gained wide fame as a Senator, his speeches attracting attention throughout the country. When the Farmers' Alliance party had gained control of Kansas, as Senator Ingalls had dealt with that element in anything but a gentle way, he was compelled to retire from public life in 1891. He then devoted most of his time to newspaper work, and traveled about the country as correspondent for a New York paper. He also lectured.

Ingate, Clarence L. A., naval officer, born in Alabama; died in Guam, Ladrone Islands, Dec. 24, 1899. He was graduated at the United States Naval Academy, July 1, 1890, entered the marine corps as second lieutenant, and was promoted first lieutenant, April 30, 1892, and captain, Sept. 26,

1898. He served through the war with Spain, and later was stationed on the receiving ship Vermont in Brooklyn Navy Yard. He was on his way to Manila at the time of his death.

Ingham, Hannah May (Mrs. E. T. Stetson), actress, born at Mokelumne Hill, Cal., in 1867; died in New York city, Jan. 16, 1900. She made her first appearance at the California Theater, San Francisco, as Ophelia, in 1885. She shortly afterward became the wife of E. T. Stetson, an actor of melodramatic plays, who traveled with a company of his own through the Western and Southern States, and with him Miss Ingham played the heroines of his various dramas. Her first appearance in New York was at the Fourteenth Street Theater, as Margaret in The House of Mystery, Sept. 14, 1896. In August, 1898, she appeared as the leading woman of the Murray Hill Theater, New York, where she remained, playing twice a day during the continuance of each theatrical season, until her death. In this time she played a great number of parts in the popular plays of the day, as the practice of the theater was to have a new play every week. She found time to write for periodicals stories and essays and a new version of East Lynne, called The Young Wife, first produced at the Murray Hill Theater, Oct. 3, 1898. Her last appearance was at that theater, Jan. 15, 1900, as Julie de Varion in An Enemy to the King.

Irby, John Laurens Manning, planter, born in Laurens County, South Carolina, Sept. 10, 1854; died in Laurens, S. C., Dec. 9, 1900. He was educated at the University of Virginia and at Princeton University, and was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1876. The same year he took an active part in the Democratic campaign. He continued in the practice of law till 1879, when he retired to his farm near Laurens and devoted himself to planting on a large scale. In 1878, in a personal quarrel, he killed his opponent, for which he was subsequently tried and acquitted. He served in the South Carolina Legislature from 1886 till 1890, and was Speaker during the latter year. He entered the reform movement as a supporter of Tillman, and was made chairman of the Reform Executive Committee, organized the campaign, and won the victory for Tillman. He was elected United States Senator Dec. 11, 1890, defeating Gen. Wade Hampton by 105 votes against 42, with 10 for M. L. Donaldson. March 14, 1893, he was elected chairman of the Senate Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard. His term, during which he was the youngest member of the Senate, expired March 4, 1897. In the meantime he had quarreled with Tillman, and refused to stand for re-election. On the death of Senator Earle he made a contest, and sustained his first political defeat at the hands of Mr. McLaurin.

Irons, Martin, labor leader, born in Dundee, Scotland, March 1, 1832; died in Bunceville, Texas, Nov. 17, 1900. He came to New York with his parents when fourteen years of age, and learned the trade of machinist. Several years afterward he went to Carrollton, La., where he was foreman in a machine shop. He tried the grocery business in New Orleans, but made a failure of it; and after leaving that city for Frankfort, Ky., he became widely known as an agitator in the movement among railway men for shorter hours. From Frankfort he went to St. Louis, then to Hannibal and Lexington, Mo., speaking to and making the acquaintance of the laboring classes. In the latter place he was also connected with the Granger movement. He organized and led the famous Missouri Pacific strike of 1886.

Mr. Powderly, then the head of the Knights of Labor, was opposed to the strike, and this eventually led to his retirement from the leadership of the organization. Irons entered the contest for the presidency, but failed of election.

Jackson, Henry Melville, clergyman, born in Leesburg, Va., July 28, 1848; died, May 4, 1900. He was educated at the Virginia Military Institute and at the Virginia Theological Seminary, in Alexandria, and after taking deacon's orders in the Episcopal Church, in 1873, he was admitted to the priesthood the next year. He was in charge successively of Montgomery parish, Virginia, and Christ Church, Greenville, S. C., and was rector of Grace Church, Richmond, Va., in 1876-'91. He was one of the editors of the Southern Pulpit, afterward united with the Pulpit Treasury, and for a time was on the editorial staff of the Southern Churchman. In January, 1891, he was consecrated Bishop Coadjutor of Alabama, which office he resigned in April, 1900.

Jessing, Joseph, educator, born in Münster, Westphalia, Nov. 17, 1836; died in Columbus, Ohio, Nov. 2, 1899. He entered the Prussian army at an early age, and attended the royal military academy. In 1860 he gave up his military studies for an ecclesiastical career, but he returned to the army to serve through the Schleswig-Holstein War of 1864 and the Austrian War of 1866. He then resolved to devote himself to missionary work, and came to the United States. He completed his the ological course at Mount St. Mary's of the West, was ordained, and began his labors in Columbus, Ohio. Afterward he was assigned to the charge of the Sacred Heart Church, in Pomeroy, Ohio. There he began the publication of a journal, entitled Ohio Waisenfreund, the profits of which he devoted to the support and education of homeless orphan boys. The venture was very successful, and in 1875 he established an orphan asylum in Pomeroy. Two years later he gave up his parochial charge, and removed to Columbus, where he began at once the work of building up an institution that now covers an entire square and is entitled the Pontificium Collegium Josephinum de Propaganda Fide. It has 11 fine buildings, and comprises an orphanage, a house for the Franciscan Sisters, who attend to the domestic duties that arise in connection with the institution, a college for theological training, an industrial school of art, a printing office, and mechanical workshops. Father Jessing also purchased 100 acres near Columbus for farm work, where supplies are raised for the institution. Students who are unable to pay for tuition receive it free. In 1892 the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith gave the college canonical constitutions, and this action was ratified by Pope Leo XIII. It is also incorporated under the laws of Ohio, and has power to confer degrees. It now has about 170 students. In 1894 Father Jessing was appointed to the dignity of domestic prelate, which gave him the title of Monsignor.

Jones, Alfred, engraver, born in Liverpool, England, April 7, 1819; died in New York city, April 29, 1900. He came to New York in 1824. He apprenticed himself to a firm of bank-note engravers, and when still a young man he was put in full charge of the engraving department. Mr. Jones made many of the best plates used by New York publishers of half a century ago. His first piece of art work to attract attention was The Proposal, engraved for Graham's Magazine. In 1839 he took a first prize in the New York Academy of Design for a drawing from Thorwaldsen's Mercury. The Proposal and The Farmer's Wooing also took first prizes. In 1846 he went to Europe and spent several months. in perfecting himself in engraving. After 1848 he devoted himself almost entirely to bank-noteengraving. He designed the 2-cent, 30-cent, 4-dollar, and 5-dollar postage stamps in the Columbian series for the American Bank Note Company. In 1841 he was made an associate and in 1851 a full member of the National Academy of Design, and he was for many years its secretary and treasurer. Among his engravings are The Image Breaker, after Leutze, a half-sitting sketch of Adoniram Judson; William Cullen Bryant; The Capture of Major André, after Durand; Sparking, after Edmonds; The New Scholar, after Edmonds; and Mexican News, after Woodrich. Among his later works were a large portrait of George Washington, and two portraits of Thomas Carlyle for the Grolier Club, New York.

Jones, Patrick Henry, lawyer, born in the county of Westmeath, Ireland, Nov. 20, 1830; died in Port Richmond, N. Y., July 23, 1900. He came to the United States in 1840, and worked on his father's farm in Cattaraugus County, New York. In 1850 he became connected with a New York paper as correspondent, and later he was local editor of the Buffalo Republic. In 1853 he gave up journalism to study law, and in 1856 was admitted to practice at Ellicottville, N. Y. At the outbreak of the civil war he enlisted in the 37th New York Regiment as second lieutenant. He was promoted to adjutant and then to major of that regiment, and was made colonel of the 154th New York Regiment, Oct. 8, 1862. He was wounded and taken prisoner at Chancellorsville, and after his exchange, in October, 1863, served in the West and in the Atlanta campaign, and in June, 1864, was assigned to the command of a brigade. He was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers, Dec. 4, 1864. In June, 1865, he returned to his law practice. In 1865 he was elected clerk of the Court of Appeals of New York State, which office he held three years. April 1, 1869, he was appointed postmaster of New York city, and he served as such during President Grant's first term, after which he again returned to his law practice. In 1875 he was appointed register of the city and county of New York, and he held the office three years.

Judd, Albert Francis, jurist, born in Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, Jan. 7, 1838; died there May 20, 1900. His father was Dr. Gerrit Parmele Judd, a medical missionary under the auspices of the American Board. Chief-Justice Judd was graduated at Yale University in 1862, and at Harvard Law School in 1864. He returned to Honolulu and began the practice of law. From 1868 till 1872 he served in the Hawaiian Legislature. In 1873 he was made Attorney-General by King Lunalilo. The following year he became a justice of the Supreme Court, and since 1881 had been Chief Justice. In comment upon this court, in a letter to a friend, he wrote: "I feel that no court has ever had such a diversified num