and Portugal 2,439, France 1,694, Switzerland 1,326, Netherlands 1,029, Belgium 1,101, the rest of Europe 4,019, China 1,660, the rest of Asia 7,312, the West Indies 2,585, British America 1,322, Mexico 161, Central America 159, South America 89, Africa 51, and other countries 1,027. Of the immigrants in 1900, 114,847 came from AustriaHungary, 1,196 from Belgium, 2,926 from Denmark, 1,739 from France, 18,507 from Germany, 3,771 from Greece, 100,135 from Italy, 1,735 from the Netherlands, 9,575 from Norway, 4,234 from Portugal, 6,459 from Roumania, 90,787 from Russia, 355 from Spain, 18,650 from Sweden, 1,152 from Switzerland, 285 from European Turkey, 48,237 from the United Kingdom (of whom 9,951 were from England, 35,730 from Ireland, 1,792 from Scotland, 764 from Wales, and 110 not specified), 396 from British America, 237 from Mexico, 42 from Central America, 4,656 from the West Indies, 124 from South America, 1,247 from China, 16,699 from other parts of Asia, 30 from Africa, and 441 from all other countries.

Education. The estimated number of children in the United States between the ages of five and eighteen was 21,572,114 in 1898. The number of enrolled pupils in the public schools was 15,103,874; the average attendance, 10,356,458; average duration of school, 143 days. There were 410,813 teachers 132,257 men and 278,556 women-receiving in salaries the aggregate sum of $124,192,270 out of a total expenditure of $194,292,911 on the public schools of all the States and Territories. In 1899 the total population of school age was estimated at 21,830,774; enrollment of public schools, 15,138,715; average attendance, 10,389,407; average duration of school, 143.2 days; number of teachers, 415,660, comprising 131,793 male and 283,867 female teachers; salaries of superintendents and teachers, $128,662,880; total expenditure, $197,281,603. The number of public high schools in 1899 was 5,495, with 9,239 male and 9,479 female teachers and 197,127 male and 279,100 female pupils. The number of private secondary schools was 1,957, with 3,940 male and 5,470 female teachers and 51,900 male and 51,938 female teachers. The number of public normal schools was 166, with 839 male and 1,218 female teachers and 11,543 male and 33,265 female pupils; and the number of private normal schools was 165, with 633 male and 403 female teachers and 11,829 male and 11,743 female pupils. The number of universities and colleges, both coeducational and for men only, was 484, with 8,209 male and 1,679 female professors and instructors and 31,156 male and 15,071 female preparatory, 54,760 male and 17,757 female collegiate, and 3,707 male and 1,191 female graduate students. The total income of these institutions was $20,242,039. The number of colleges and seminaries for women which confer degrees was 145, with 673 male and 1,768 female professors and instructors and 5,089 preparatory, 14,985 collegiate, and 474 graduate students; total income, $3,236,416. The number of schools of technicology and schools conferring the degree of bachelor of science was 43, with 1,116 male and 100 female professors and instructors and 2,357 male and 732 female preparatory, 8,858 male and 1,279 female collegiate, and 180 male and 60 female graduate students. The number of theological seminaries was 163, with 996 instructors and 8,261 students; number of law schools, 96, with 966 instructors and 11,874 students; number of medical colleges, 151, with 4,389 instructors and 23,778 students.

The Army. The strength of the regular army as provided in the army reorganization bill approved on March 2, 1899, is 2,587 officers and 65,000 enlisted men, of whom 581 officers and 2,093

men are attached to the general staff, 1,177 officers and 34,450 men compose 25 regiments of infantry, 472 officers and 12,340 men 10 regiments of cavalry, 357 officers and 11,970 men 7 regiments of artillery, 752 men are in 5 companies of engineers, 720 men in the signal corps, 2,600 in the hospital corps, and 75 are Indian scouts. Each infantry regiment contains 3 battalions of 4 companies. The weapon is the Krag-Jörgensen magazine rifle of 30 caliber. The cavalry regiment consists of 3 sections of 4 troops of 100 men each. The cavalrymen are armed with the saber, the Krag-Jörgensen carbine of 30 caliber, and the Colt revolver of 38 caliber. There are 2 infantry and 2 cavalry regiments composed of negroes with white officers. The artillery consists of 84 foot and 14 mounted batteries of 6 pieces, the guns having the caliber of 3.2 inches. The regular army is recruited by voluntary enlistment for three years. All citizens capable of bearing arms are liable to be called to arms in war time, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five. The organized militia, which is required to drill once or twice a week, especially in winter, numbered 7,521 officers and 98,818 men in 1899. There were 328 cavalry officers and 4,155 men, 391 artillery officers and 5,068 men, 5,918 infantry officers and 87,894 men, and 884 other officers and 1,701 men. The male population available for the defense of the country is estimated at 10,149,184. The regular army officers are 1 lieutenant general, 6 major generals, 16 brigadier generals, 77 colonels, 98 lieutenant colonels, 271 majors, 813 captains, 777 first lieutenants, and 532 second lieutenants. The President was authorized in 1899 to raise a volunteer force of 35,000 men organized in 27 infantry and 3 cavalry regiments. There were 24 regiments of infantry enlisted for service in the Philippines, having a strength of 1,200 officers and 31,416 men, and 1 regiment of cavalry consisting of 50 officers and 1,234 men. A regiment of natives of Porto Rico has 31 officers and 400 men. Native troops have been raised in the Philippines, including a squadron of cavalry. The Hawaiian regiment has 407 men. The strength of the regular army at the end of 1899 was 405 cavalry officers and 12,083 men, 322 artillery officers and 10,978 men, 1,078 infantry officers and 35,428 men, and 497 officers in the general staff, signal corps, hospital and ambulance corps, naval brigade, cadet corps, etc., and 9,732 men; total, 2,302 officers and 68,221 enlisted men. At the end of 1900 the total strength of the United States military forces was 103,150 men, 2,534 officers and 68,221 enlisted men in the regular establishment, and 1,548 officers and 31,079 enlisted men of the volunteer service. Under the act of March 2, 1899, the volunteer force was to be discharged and the regular army reduced to 2,447 officers and 29,025 enlisted men by June 30, 1901. The garrison in Porto Rico was reduced before the close of 1900 to 1,636 men, including 879 native troops. In Cuba there were nearly 6,000 troops, and in the Philippines nearly 60,000 men. Secretary Root proposed to recruit a force not to exceed 12,000 men among the natives of the Philippine Islands, to be organized and commanded by officers of the regular army, some of the lieutenancies to be given to such natives as show fitness for command. A regiment of Porto Ricans also is authorized. The Secretary of War and Lieut.-Gen. Miles both recommended a permanent army of 100,000 men. An artillery corps is to be organized, divided into coast artillery and field artillery.

The Navy. The battle ships Oregon, Massachusetts, and Indiana, launched in 1893, of 10,288 tons, are protected above and below the water line for over half their length by a belt of 18-inch

armor, and by an armored deck and armored redoubts in front of the machinery, and the 4 13inch 35-caliber guns in the fore and aft turrets and 8 8-inch guns in 4 other turrets are protected by inclined armor. These vessels were designed to make over 16 knots, and the Iowa, of 11,410 tons, launched in 1896, carrying 12-inch guns, to go 17 knots. In the Kearsarge and Kentucky, of 11,525 tons, the armor belts are 16 inches thick, the great guns are of 13-inch bore, and on their turrets are superposed the turrets for the 4 8-inch guns. The Alabama, Illinois, and Wisconsin differ from these in having no 8-inch guns, but 14 6-inch instead of the 5-inch guns carried by the others, besides the 20 quick-firing 6-pounders, which all these turret ships have. The Maine, Missouri, and Ohio have a displacement of 12,500 tons, with armor 12 inches thick and 12-inch guns, engines of 16,000 horse power instead of 10,000, since large coal endurance and a speed of 18 knots are the objects sought. The Georgia, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania will displace 13,500 tons, will have for the main armament 4 12-inch and 16 6-inch guns, and will be able with 16,000 horse power to make at least 18 knots. The newer armored cruisers, like, the battle ships, are larger than their predecessors, as in other navies. In the armored cruiser Texas, displacing 6,315 tons, 2 12-inch guns are mounted singly in turrets protected by an oblique redoubt, and there are 6 6-inch and 12 quickfiring 6-pounders; and in spite of her heavy armament and armor plates 12 inches thick the vessel, which was launched in 1892, can make nearly 18 knots. The cruiser New York, launched in 1891, having a displacement of 8,200 tons, engines of 17,500 horse power, giving a speed of 21 knots, and in addition to 10-inch side plating a strong curved steel deck, carries 8-inch guns in pairs in the fore and aft turrets and 1 on each beam, with a secondary armament of 12 4-inch and 8 other quick firers. The Brooklyn, launched in 1895, displaces 9,215 tons, having 15-inch plates and an armament of 8-inch guns disposed as in the New York, and 12 5-inch and 12 smaller quick firers, and could make nearly 22 knots with engines of 17,300 horse power. The California, Nebraska, and West Virginia displace 12,000 tons, carry 14 quick-firing S-inch guns and 14 6-inch and 20 smaller ones, and are designed to make 22 knots an hour. All the new cruisers are sheathed and coppered. The second-class protected cruisers of 3,100 tons the Chattanooga, Cleveland, Denver, Desmoines, Galveston, and Tacoma-to be armed with 10 5-inch quick firers, are smaller than the Albany and New Orleans, launched in 1899 and 1896, and even than the Cincinnati and Raleigh, just as these were lighter than the Olympia or the Newark, Philadelphia or San Francisco, and the latest vessels are not intended to make over 16.5 knots. The newest type of monitor, the Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, and Wyoming, of 3,235 tons, have 11-inch armor, 2 12-inch guns, 4 4-inch and 3 more quick firers, and a speed of 12 knots. The fastest vessels in the navy are the unarmored cruisers Columbia and Minneapolis, built in 1892 and 1893, displacing 7,375 tons, and carrying 1 8-inch gun and 22 quick firers of various sizes, have triple-expansion engines of 18,500 horse and 20,800 horse power, enabling them to steam 23 and 22 knots respectively. There were at the end of 1899 in the effective navy 9 first-class battle ships, 6 not completed and 1 of the second class; 19 good coast-defense vessels, besides the 4 new monitors; 1 armored ram, Admiral Ammen's Katahdin, which can be submerged excepting the turtle deck and the well-armored funnel and ventilating shafts when she is making an attack; 2 armored cruisers,

and 3 building; 15 protected cruisers, and 6 under construction; 3 commerce destroyers; 17 gunboats, and 1 building; 16 torpedo-boat destroyers under construction; and 24 completed and 13 not yet completed torpedo boats.

Pensions. The number of pensioners on the rolls in the year ending June 30, 1900, was 993,529, of whom 752,510 were invalids and 241,019 widows and dependents. The disbursements during the year amounted to $138,462,130, of which $9,828,525 were first payments and $128,633,605 other pensions. Under the general pension law the total number of 878,332 claims of invalids and 534,721 of widows, etc., had been filed up to June 30, 1900, and 586,521 claims of invalids and 332,029 of widows, etc., allowed. Under the act of June 27, 1890, there had been 847,327 applications of invalids and 338,488 of widows, etc., filed, and 451,531 claims of invalids and 181,262 of widows, etc., allowed. The new applications during the year were 2,753 for invalids and 7,593 for widows, etc., under the general law, and 10,940 for invalids and 338,488 for widows, etc., under the act of 1890, and the claims allowed were 1,690 for invalids and 3,308 for widows, etc., under the general law, and 21,345 for invalids and 12,173 for widows, etc., under the act of 1890. There were 7 applications of widows of soldiers of the War of 1812, and 1 was allowed, the total number allowed up to date having been 25,713 for survivors and 35,480 for widows; of survivors of the war with Mexico, 69 filed claims and 497 widows, while 21 claims of survivors and 420 of widows were allowed; of survivors of Indian wars, 26 made applications, and 196 widows, and the claims of 10 survivors and 144 widows were allowed. The number of applications arising out of the war with Spain was 12,038 for invalids and 1,383 for widows and dependent relatives, and the number of claims allowed was 801 for invalids and 710 for widows, the total granted in the two years since applications were first filed having been 926for invalids and 888 for widows, etc., while the total number of applications was 27,047 for invalids and 3,934 for widows, etc. The applications from army nurses were 49 in number; claims allowed, 22.

Public Lands.-The total area of original homestead entries in 1900 was 8,478,409 acres, of which 1,853,090 acres were in North Dakota, 1,226,405 acres in Oklahoma, 477,523 acres in Minnesota, 456,855 acres in Nebraska, 446,518 acres in Arkansas, 439,814 acres in Oregon, 410,040 acres in South Dakota, 405,496 acres in Washington, 328,437 acres in Montana, 312,784 acres in Colorado, 296,398 acres in Idaho, 264,536 acres in California, 251,215 acres in New Mexico, 235,308 acres in Wyoming, 208,277 acres in Louisiana, 140,623 acres in Alabama, 127,563 acres in Florida, 123,604 acres in Mississippi, 119,750 acres in Missouri, 100,173 acres in Wisconsin, 60,160 acres in Utah, and 53,594 acres in Michigan. The railroad selections in 1900 amounted to 1,932,139 acres, of which 507,467 acres were in Wyoming, 347,625 acres in Kansas, 243,201 acres in Washington, 224,913 acres in Colorado, 204,888 acres in Oregon, 171,794 acres in California, 82,738 acres in Montana, 75,344 acres in Utah, and 44,034 acres in Idaho. The number of acres disposed of for cash under the homestead acts and timber culture acts or located with agricultural college and other kinds of scrip or with military bounty land warrants or selected by States or railroads was 13,391,464 acres, of which 1,869,792 acres were in North Dakota, 1,270,403 acres in Oklahoma, 1,157.088 acres in Montana, 995,982 acres in Wyoming, 842,015 acres in Oregon, 781,660 acres in Colorado, 772,034 acres in Washington, 643,082 acres in Minnesota, 576,779 acres in California,

492,017 acres in New Mexico, 466,738 acres in Arkansas, 464,726 acres in Utah, 461,674 acres in Nebraska, 460,976 acres in Idaho, 455,913 acres in South Dakota, 452,166 acres in Kansas, 232,057 acres in Louisiana, 203,881 acres in Missouri, 203, 380 acres in Alabama, 149,727 acres in Mississippi, 114,352 acres in Wisconsin, 64,645 acres in Louisiana, 54,700 acres in Arizona, and 49,260 acres in Nevada.

Indians. The Indian population on reservations in 1900 was 270,544, compared with 243,524 in 1890. There were 86,265 in Indian Territory, 40,189 in Arizona, 19,212 in South Dakota, 13,926 in Oklahoma, 11,431 in California, 10,726 in Wisconsin, 10,076 in Montana, 9,827 in Washington, 8,952 in Minnesota, 8,480 in New Mexico, 8,321 in Nevada, 8,276 in North Dakota, 7,557 in Michigan, 5,334 in New York, 4,063 in Oregon, 3,854 in Nebraska, 2,115 in Utah, 1,642 in Wyoming, 1,436 in North Carolina, 1,211 in Kansas, and 995 in Colorado, 575 in Florida, 385 in Iowa, and 290 in Texas. The births among Indians were 4,196 in 1900, against 4,863 in 1890; deaths, 3,698, against 5,218. The total area of Indian reservations in 1900 was 121,665 square miles, compared with 162,991 square miles in 1890, the Indian Territory having been reduced from 40,411 to 30,489 square miles, the area of Oklahoma from 20,770 to 6,884 square miles, that in South Dakota from 18,221 to 8,991 square miles, that in North Dakota from 9,158 to 5,784 square miles, that in New Mexico from 15,620 to 2,605 square miles, that in Montana from 16,549 to 14,845 square miles, that in Idaho from 3,552 to 2,132 square miles, the reservation of 1,710 square miles in Colorado having been abolished, the Minnesota reservation cut down from 3,523 to 2,447 square miles, the Oregon reservation from 3,242 to 2,031 square miles, and the one in Utah from 6,207 to 3,186 and that in Washington from 6,321 to 3,646 square miles, and in Wyoming from 3,660 to 2,828 square miles, while in Arizona the area has been increased from 10,317 to 23,673 square miles.

Patents. The number of applications for patents during the year ending Dec. 31, 1900, was 41,980; caveats filed, 1,731; patents and reissues, 26,499; cash received, $1,350,828; cash expended, $1,260,019; surplus, $90,808. The total number of first patents issued from 1852 to 1901 was 664,827; designs patented, 33,813; reissues of patents, 11, 879; trade-marks registered, 35,678; labels registered, 8,009. From 1836 till 1852 the number of patents was 9,957. During the calendar year 1900 the issues of patents were 24,660 in number; of design patents, 1,758; reissues, 81; total, 26,499; trade-marks registered, 1,721; labels and prints, 830; total certificates, 2,551.

Commerce and Production. The production of corn in the United States in the year ending June 30, 1900, was 2,078,143,933 bushels, of which 213,123,412 bushels were exported, or 10.30 per cent. of the crop, while 1,865,020,521 bushels and 2,480 bushels of imported corn, making a total of 1,865,023,001 bushels, were consumed in the United States. The wheat crop for the calendar year 1899 was 547,303,846 bushels, of which 186,096,762 bushels, or 34 per cent., were exported and 361,207,084 bushels were retained for consumption, the total domestic consumption, after adding 320,195 bushels of imports and deducting 297,359 bushels of foreign exports, having been 361,229,920 bushels. The area under corn in the calendar year 1900, according to the reports of the Department of Agriculture, was 83,320,872 acres, producing 2,105,102,516 bushels, having a farm value of $751,220,034, the value per bushel on Dec. 1 being 35.7 cents, and the yield per acre having been 25.3 bushels,

giving an average return of $9.02 per acre. The area under wheat was 42,495,385 acres, yielding 522,229,505 bushels, an average of 12.3 bushels per acre, making the crop worth at 62 cents a bushel, the average price on Dec. 1, $323,525,177, an average of $7.61 per acre. The area under rye was 1,591,362 acres, producing 23,995,417 bushels, having a value of $12,295,417 on the farm, or $7.73 per acre, the price on Dec. 1 having been 51.2 cents, the yield 15.1 bushels per acre. The area so wn to oats was 27,364,795 acres, producing 809,125,989 bushels, 29.6 bushels to the acre, worth 25.8 cents a bushel, $7.63 per acre, and $208,669,233 for the whole crop. The area under buckwheat was 637,930 acres, yielding 9,566,966 bushels, an average of 15 bushels, worth $5,341,413 at 55.8 cents a bushel, giving $8.37 an acre. The barley crop from 2,894,282 acres was 58,925,833 bushels, worth $24,075,271 at 40.8 cents a bushel, giving $8.32 an acre for the average yield of 20.4 bushels. Of the total wheat crop, 82,488,655 bushels were raised in Kansas, 51,509,252 bushels in Minnesota, 33,325,897 bushels in Dakota, 28,543,628 bushels in California, 25,096,661 bushels in Washington, 24,801,900 bushels in Nebraska, 21,798,223 bushels in Iowa, 20,281,334 bushels in Pennsylvania, 18,846,713 bushels in Missouri, 18,657,373 bushels in Oklahoma, 17,982,068 bushels in Illinois, 16,198,012 bushels in Oregon, 15,187,848 bushels in Maryland, 13,166,599 bushels in Wisconsin, 12,442,846 bushels in Kentucky, 9,421,932 bushels in Virginia, 9,271,764 bushels in Michigan, 8,523,876 bushels in Ohio, 6,496,166 bushels in New York, 6,411,702 bushels in Indiana, 5,960,803 bushels in North Carolina, 4,452,895 bushels in West Virginia, 2,689,418 bushels in Arkansas, 1,929,963 bushels in Montana, 916,351 bushels in Alabama, and 25,724,492 bushels in other States and Territories. The hay crop in 1900 was 50,110,906 tons, cut from 39,132,890 acres, an average crop of 1.28 ton an acre, worth at the average price of $8.89 a ton on the farm the total sum of $445,538,870. Iowa raised 5,006,470 tons of hay, Kansas 4,031,461 tons, New York 3,351,991 tons, Missouri 2,768,015 tons, California 2,708,171 tons, Pennsylvania 2,672,561 tons, Nebraska 2,639,489 tons, Illinois 2,119,419 tons, South Dakota 2,064,196 tons, Colorado 1,783,133 tons, Michigan 1,727,617 tons, Oregon 1,677,085 tons, Indiana 1,663,452 tons, Ohio 1,652,797 tons, Minnesota 1,423,344 tons, Wisconsin 1,218,354 tons, Vermont 1,066,524 tons, Washington 846,491 tons, Maine 843,997 tons, Idaho 659,103 tons, and Montana, Virginia, Massachusetts, West Virginia, Texas, New Hampshire, and Utah each more than 500,000 tons. The area of the potato crop was 2,611,054 acres, yielding 210,926,897 bushels, 80.8 bushels to the acre, worth $90,811,167, the average price having been 43.1 cents a bushel; New York raised 27,481,356 bushels, Indiana 16,630,941 bushels, Wisconsin 15,619,641 bushels, Illinois 15,296,104 bushels, Missouri 14,004,576 bushels, Michigan 12,561,584 bushels, Pennsylvania 10,921,748 bushels, Missouri 10,106,961 bushels, and Nebraska, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, and Maine over 6,000,000 bushels each. The tobacco crop of the United States in 1896 was 403,004,320 pounds, grown on 594,749 acres, and its value was $24,258,070. Alabama produced 1,005,313 bales of cotton on 2,883,049 acres in 1899, the value of the crop being $35,852,176; Arkansas on 1,726,350 acres raised 669,385 bales, worth $24,298,676; Florida, 41,855 bales, worth $2,189,805, on 149,403 acres; Georgia, 1,345,699 bales on 3,287,741 acres, value $48,024,822; Louisiana, 699,476 bales, valued at $25,670,000, on 1,179,156 acres; Mississippi, 1,203,739 bales, valued at $44,175,897, on 2,784,286 acres; North Carolina, 503,825 bales, valued at $18,145,257, on

1,219,888 acres; South Carolina, 830,714 bales, valued at $29,377,647, on 2,212,020 acres; Tennessee, 192,263 bales, valued at $6,950,307, on 734,415 acres; Texas, 2,438,555 bales, valued at $92,187,133, on 6,642,309 acres; Virginia, 8,007 bales, valued at $293,669, on 35,302 acres; other States and Territories, 204,007 bales, valued at $7,682,479, on 549,578 acres; total area planted to cotton, 23,403,497 acres, producing 9,142,838 bales, valued at $334,847,868. The crop of cotton moved during the year ending Aug. 31, 1900, was 9,436,416 bales, averaging 478 pounds net and 504.12 pounds gross, or 4,757,062,942 pounds, having a fara value estimated at $357,000,000. The exports of domestic cotton during the year were 3,100,583,188 pounds, 65.18 per cent. of the crop, leaving 1,656,479,754 pounds of domestic cotton for consumption; imports of foreign cotton were 67,398,521 pounds, and exports 1,381,463 pounds, leaving 66,017,058 pounds of foreign cotton retained for consumption and making the total consumption of domestic and foreign cotton 1,722,496,812 pounds. Out of 9,422, 000 bales handled during the crop year, 2,343,000 were exported to Great Britain and 3,603,000 to other countries, making the total exports 5,946,000 bales; and 2,047,000 bales were taken by northern and 1,597,000 by southern mills, making the domestic consumption 3,644,000 bales, or 39 per cent. of the commercial crop. The wool produced in the United States during the year ending June 30, 1900, amounted to 288,636,621 pounds, of which 2,200,309 pounds were exported and 286,436,312 pounds retained for consumption; imports of foreign wool were 155,928,455 pounds, and exports 5,702,251 pounds, leaving for consumption 150,226,204 pounds of foreign wool, 34.4 per cent. of the total consumption, which amounted to 436,662,516 pounds. The number of sheep in the country on April 1, 1900, was 40,267,818, of which 3,786,688 were in New Mexico, 3,717,160 in Montana, 2,780,546 in Wyoming, 2,754,499 in Ohio, 2,576,240 in Idaho, 2,351,274 in Oregon, 2,317,636 in Texas, 2,261,917 in Utah, 2,128,508 in Colorado, 1,907,430 in California, 1,340,456 in Michigan, 1,103,942 in Arizona, 819,088 in New York, 777,677 in Pennsylvania, 759,399 in Washington, 726,040 in Wisconsin, and more than 500,000 each in Indiana, Illinois, Nevada, Iowa, Missouri, and Kentucky. The total product of washed and unwashed wool in 1900 was estimated at 259,972,815 pounds, or, including 28,663,806 pounds of pulled wool, at 288,636,621 pounds, the average weight of fleece being 6.46 pounds, the shrinkage 61.1 per cent., the product of scoured wool 101,024,837, or, including 17,198,283 pounds of pulled wool, 118,223,120 pounds.

The number of horses in the country on Jan. 1, 1900, as reported by the Department of Agriculture, was 13,537,524, valued at $603,969,442; mules, 2,086,027, value $111,717,092; milch cows, 16,292,360, value $514,812,106; oxen and other cattle, 27,610,054, value $689,486,260; sheep, 41,883,065, value $122,665,913. The total value of farm animals was $2,042,650,813, exclusive of swine, of which there were 38,651,631 in 1899, valued at $170,109,743.

The production of cane sugar in 1900 was estimated at 334,594,450 pounds, 329,968,450 pounds in Louisiana and 4,626,000 pounds in other States; of molasses, 18,163,449 gallons, 14,971,313 gallons Louisiana and 4,626,000 pounds in other States; The total production of refined sugar in the calendar year 1900 was 2,219,847 tons, showing a consumption of 65.2 pounds per capita, 1,950,014 tons having been manufactured from imported raw sugar, 7,647 tons from imported molasses, and 174,450 tons from domestic cane sugar; 82,736 tons

were domestic beet sugar, and about 5,000 tons were maple sugar. The production of sugar from beet roots in the United States was 62,826 tons in 1898, 34,453 tons in 1897, 39,684 tons in 1896, 20,443 tons in 1894, and previous to that the industry was in the experimental stage. The consumption of distilled spirits in the United States during the fiscal year 1900 was 97,248,382 proof gallons, according to the reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, being 1.27 gallon per capita, consisting of 1,386,361 gallons of domestic spirits distilled from fruit, 94,156,023 gallons from grain, etc., and 1,705,998 gallons of imported spirits. The consumption of wines was 30,427,491 gallons, 0.4 gallon per capita, 26,492,491 gallons being of domestic production and 3,935,000 gallons imported. The consumption of malt liquors was 1,221,500,160 gallons, 16.01 gallons per capita, 1,218,183,252 gallons having been brewed in the United States and 3,316,908 gallons imported for consumption. The production of oleomargarine in the fiscal year 1900 was 104,263,651 pounds, paying $2,085,273 in internal revenue taxes.

The production of petroleum during the calendar year 1899 was 2,396,975,700 gallons, and 17,540 * gallons were imported, making a total of 2,396,993,240 gallons. The exports were 133,023,656 gallons in the crude state and 948,720,575 gallons manufactured into illuminating oil, making a total of 1,081,744,231 gallons, which left 1,315,249,009 gallons for domestic consumption, the export being 45.13 per cent. of the total product. The production of bituminous coal in the calendar year 1898 was 172,608,917 tons, and the imports were 1,251,512 tons, giving a total supply of 173,860,429 tons, of which 170,379,977 tons remained for consumption after the exportation of 3,480,452 tons, or 2.02 per cent. of the domestic product. The production has increased 70 per cent. in ten years and the percentage exported has doubled. The quantity of bituminous coal marketed in 1899 was estimated by the United States Geological Survey at 138,564,925 tons, valued at $135,017,663; the quantity of anthracite coal at 47,823,241 tons, valued at $86,081,834; total, 186,388,166 tons, valued at $221,099,497. The total production of anthracite and bituminous coal was estimated at 226,553,564 tons. The total output for the calendar year 1899 of bituminous coal was reported by the Geological Survey as 193,321,987 short tons; Pennsylvania anthracite, 53,944,647 long tons; value of stone, $44,736,576; petroleum, 57,070,850 barrels, valued at $64,603,904; value of natural gas, $20,024.873; pig iron produced, 13,620,703 long tons, value $245,172,654; silver, 54,764,500 ounces, of the coining value of $70,806,626 and the commercial value of $32,858,700; gold, 3,437,210 ounces, of the value of $71,053,400; copper, 585,342,124 pounds, value at New York $104,190,898; lead, 209,240 short tons, value at New York $18,831,600; zinc, 119,408 short tons, value at New York $13,731,920; quicksilver, 30,454 flasks of 76 pounds, value at San Francisco $1,452,745; aluminum, 5,200,000 pounds, value at Pittsburg $1,716,000; antimony, 1,275 short tons, value at San Francisco $251,875; nickel, 22,541 pounds, value $8,566; platinum, 300 ounces, value $1,800. The estimated value of brick clay produced was $11,250,000, and of other clay $1,250,000. Of cement, 14,311,407 barrels were produced, valued at $14,417,058. The number of gallons of mineral waters sold was 39,562,136, valued at $6,948,030. Of phosphate rock, 1,515,702 long tons were dug, value $5,084,076. The production of salt was 18,356,503 barrels, and its value $7,509,184. Of limestone for iron flux, 6,707,435 long tons were produced, value $4,695,205; of gypsum, 479,235 short tons, value $1,287,080; of fibrous tale,

54,655 short tons, value $438,150; of pyrite, 174,734 long tons, value $543,249; of corundum and emery, 4,900 short tons, value $150,600; of barytes, 41,894 short tons, value $139,528; of fluorspar, 15,900 short tons, value $96,650; of feldspar, 27,202 long tons, value $228,545; of manganese ore, 9,935 long tons, value $82,278; of flint, 37,852 long tons, value $231,345; of bauxite, 35,280 long tons, value $125,598; of zinc white, 6,707,435 short tons, value $4,695,205; of asphaltum, 75,085 short tons, value $553,904; of soapstone, 24,765 short tons, value $330,805; of mineral paints, 63,111 short tons, value $728,389; of sulphur, 4,830 short tons, value $107,500; of fuller's earth, 12,381 short tons, value $79,644; of marls, 60,000 short tons, value $30,000; of infusorial earth and tripoli, 4,634 short tons, value $37,032; of magnesite, 1,280 short tons, value $18,480; of abrasive garnet, 2,765 short tons, value $98,325. The value of grindstones was $675,586; of oilstones, etc., $208,283; of pumice stone, $10,000; of millstones, $28,115. The value of precious stones was $185,770. The production of borax was 40,714,000 pounds, valued at $1,139,882; of mica, 108,570 pounds of sheet, worth $70,587, and 1,505 tons of scrap, worth $30,878; of graphite, 2,900,732 pounds of crystalline and 2,324 tons of amorphous, worth together $167,106; of cobalt oxide, 10,230 pounds, value $18,512; of rutile, 230 pounds, value $1,030; of bromine, 433,004 pounds, value $108,251; of asbestos, 681 tons, value $11,740. The value of nonmetallic products was $447,790,862; that of metallic products was $527,218,084, and that of products not specified was estimated at $1,000,000, giving as the total value of mineral products $676,008,946.

The number of iron furnaces in blast on Dec. 31, 1900, was 232 out of the total number of 406, of which 153 were in Pennsylvania, 54 in Ohio, 45 in Alabama, 27 in Virginia, 19 in New York, 19 in Tennesseee, 17 in Illinois, 12 in New Jersey, 12 in Michigan, 8 in Kentucky, 7 in Maryland, 6 in Wisconsin, 5 in Georgia, 4 each in Connecticut and Texas, 3 in Massachusetts and in West Virginia, 2 in Missouri and in Colorado, and 1 in Minnesota and in Oregon. The total production of pig iron for the calendar year 1900 was 13,789,242 tons of 2,240 pounds. In 1899 the production of pig iron was 13,620,703 tons; of spiegeleisen and ferromanganese, 219,768 tons; of bar, hoop, and structural shapes, 4,996,801 tons; of structural shapes alone, 906,277 tons; of wire rods, 1,099,376 tons; of plate and sheet iron, 1,903,505 tons; of cut nails and spikes, 85,015 tons; of wire nails, 339,264 tons; of rolled iron and steel, including nail plate, 8,084,697 tons; of rolled, including also rails, 10,357,397 tons; of Bessemer steel rails, 2,270,585 tons; of open-hearth steel rails, 523 tons; of iron rails, 1,592 tons; of street rails, 154,246 tons; total rails, 2,272,700 tons; of Bessemer steel ingots and castings, 7,586,354 tons; of open-hearth steel ingots and castings, 2,947,316 tons; of crucible steel, 101,213; of all other ingots and castings, 4,974; total crude steel, 10,639,857 tons; of blooms, 13,074 tons; of tin plates for the year ending June 30, 1900, 397,767 tons. Of the pig iron, 1,677,048 tons were produced with anthracite or mixed anthracite and bituminous coal, 339,874 tons with charcoal, and 11,727,712 tons with bituminous coal and coke. The exports of domestic pig iron in the fiscal year 1900 were 160,690 tons; imports, 61,100 tons; exports of foreign, 157 tons; retained for consumption, 13,520,956 tons, the percentage of foreign iron having decreased from 10.64 per cent. in 1882 to 0.40 per cent. The export of rails was 347,805 tons, and the import 2,487, making the quantity retained for consumption 1,927,382 tons. The imports of

tin plates were 147,963,804 pounds, valued at $4,799,796, 147,321,985 pounds coming from Great Britain and 641,819 pounds from other countries. The quantity of tin plates manufactured in the United States was 446,982,063 pounds, comprising 355,347,670 pounds of tin and 91,634,393 pounds of terne plates, 446,924,855 pounds being made from American and 57,208 pounds from foreign black plates, whereas in 1893 the quantity manufactured was 99,819,202 pounds, of which 56,219,478 pounds were made from imported black plates.

The volume of foreign commerce in the year ending June 30, 1900, reached $2,244,424,266, compared with $1,924,171,791 in 1899, the highest fig ure attained till then. The excess of merchandise exports over imports in 1900 was $544,541,898, compared with $529,874,813 in 1899, and $615,432,676 in 1898, the excess for the three years amounting to $1,689,849,387. The total value of merchandise imports in 1900 was $849,941,184, an amount exceeded only in 1893, when $866,400,922 worth of merchandise was imported and there was an adverse balance of $18,737,728. The value of domestic exports in 1900 was $1,370,763,571, exceeding the total for 1898, the highest till then attained, by $160,471,658. The value of foreign exports in 1900 was $23,719,511, making the total value of merchandise exports $1,394,483,082.

The values of the articles imported in the year ending June 30, 1900, are given in the following table: