ἁμαρτάνω am frail, err, ἁμαρτήσομαι. Perf. -ηκα.-Aor. ἥ μαρτον. (See § 112. 5.)

ἀμβλίσκω miscarry, fut. αμβλώσω &c. from αμβλόω.
ἀμπέχω and ἀμπισχνούμαι, see below in ἔχω.

ἀμφιέννυμι, ΑΜΦΙΕΩ, see above in ἕννυμι, § 108. ΙΙΙ.
αναίνομαι, see the list of regular verbs.

αναλίσκω consume, expend, forms its tenses from ἀναλόω. With the Attics it has no augment, as ανάλωσα. In other dialects it is alternately ανήλωσα and ἠνάλωσα, and the same in the perfect. ἀνοίγω οι ανοίγνυμι, see οἴγω.

ἀρέσκω satisfy, please, Fut. ἀρέσω &c. Perf. Pass. ἤρεσμαι.-MID. ΑΡΩ (ft) Fut. ἄρσω, 2d Aor. ἤραρον. Perf. ἄραμα, with present signification.

αὔξω and αὐξάνω increase, Fut. αυξήσω (see ( 112. 2.)-PASS. with Fut. Mid. means increase intransitively.

ἄχθομαι am indignant, ἀχθέσομαι, ήχθέσθην.

Β.

βαίνω go, Fut. βήσομαι, Perf. βέβηκα, 2d Aor. ἔβην like ἔστην, accordingly also ἔβημεν, βῆναι· βῆθι* βήτω· βαίην, βώ. Some of the compounds have also a passive, as παραβαίνω I transgress, Peri. Pass. παραβέβαμαι, Aor. Pass. παρεβάνην. Verbal Adjective βατός. All these forms come from Β.ΑΩ, and conform entirely 194 to ἵστημι, except in the Present. The abbreviated forms of the Perfect, as βεβᾶσι, βεβώς, (see § 110 Rem. 4,) are in this verb exclusively poetical.

This verb has with the Ionics also the causative signification to bring. This signification is exclusive in the Fut. Act. ẞnow and the 1st Aor. ἔβησα. See also § 113. 5.

βάλλω throw, Fut. βαλώ, sometimes also βαλλήσω (§ 112. 2,) Aor. ἔβαλον, Perf. βέβληκα, 1st Aor. Pass. ἐβλήθην. See § 110.

1.-MID.

* Shortened in composition, as κατάβα.

ΒΑΩ, see βαίνῳ.

βιβρώσκω eat, from ΒΡΟΩ, Fut. βρώσω, (βρώσομαι,) &c. Aor. Bowv. See § 110 Rem. 5.

βιόω live, Fut. βιώσομαι, 1st Aor. ἐβίωσα and 2d Aor. ἐβίων, of which, for the most part, the other modes only are in use, as Biavai, Part. Biovs, Opt. Bunv. See § 110 Rem. 5.—MID.

ΒΛ—see βάλλω.

βλαστάνω sprout, βλαστήσω, ἔβλαστον. See § 112 Rem. 5. Bóoxo feed, Fut. Booxnow, &c. See § 112. 2.

βούλομαι will, βουλήσομαι, Perf. βεβούλημαι, Αor. ἐβουλήθην, novλýv. With respect to the augment, see § 82 Rem. 3. ΒΡΟ-see βιβρώσκω.

γαμέω marry, Fut. γαμέσω, Att. γαμώ.—Aor. ἔγημα, γῆμαι, &c. from TAMS. Perf. yɛɣáμnna, &c.-PASS. with Fut. Mid. take as husband, marry.

TEN?. To this root, which corresponds with the Latin gigno genui, belong two significations; the causative beget, and the immediate or intransitive am born, become. The voices are anomalously mingled. Of the Active nothing but the Perfect yέyova is in use; all the rest of either signification belongs to the mediopassive voice. The whole, as found in actual use, may be reduced to a twofold present as follows, viz.

1) yɛivouac has only the signification of birth, (poetically in the present tense,) am born. The Aor. ¿yevάun is used transitively, beget, bear.

2) yiyvouac (ancient and Attic; more recently yivoua,) Fut. γενήσομαι, Αor. ἐγενόμην, Perf. γεγένημαι, or (in the active voice) yeyova. All these parts of the verb signify intransitively 195 born, or simply become, fieri. To these unites itself the signification of simply to be, since syɛvóunv and yέyova are also used as preterites to εἶναι.

γιγνώσκω (ancient and Attic ; more recently γινώσκω,) know, from ΓΝΟΩ, Fut. γνώσομαι, Αor. ἔγνων, Plur. ἔγνωμεν, &c. Inf.

196*

γνῶναι. Imp. γνώθι, γνώτω, &c. Opt. γνοίην. Part. γνούς. See §110 Rem. 5.—Perf. ἔγνωκα, Pass. ἔγνωσμαι..

4.

δάκνω bite, from ΔΗΚΩ, Fut. δήξομαι, Perf. δέδηχα, &c. Aor. ἔδακον. See § 112. 4.

δαμάω, see under δέμω.

δαρθάνω sleep, Fut. δαρθήσομαι, Perf. δεδάρθηκα, Aor. ἔδαρΤον. See § 112. 5.

δεῖ, see δέω.

δείκνυμι show, Fut. δείξω, &c. See § 107. § 112. 6.—MID.

ΔΕΙΩ Epic δίω. From this ancient present is derived the 1st Perf. δέδοικα (see 1st and 2d Perf. § 97 Rem. 1.) and the 2d Perf. δέδια (short e), both of which have the force of the Pres. I fear. From δέδια are derived the syncopated forms δέδιμεν, δέδιτε, ἐδέδισαν, and an Imper. δέδιθι. See § 110 Rem. 3.—Fut. δείσομαι, Aer. ἔδεισα.

δέμω build, Aor. ἔδειμα, Perf. δέδμηκα. Compare § 110. 1. and § 112. 2.—MID. The same theme furnishes tenses also to δαμάω tame, Aor. ἔδαμον, Perf. δέδμηκα, Aor. Pass. ἐδάμην and ἐδμήθην.

δέρκω, commonly δέρκομαι oι δέδορκα, see, regard, Aor. ἔδρακον, see § 96 Rem. 4, also ἐδράκην and ἐδέχθην, all active.

δέω bind, δήσω, ἔδησα-δέδεκα, δέδεμαι, ἐδέθην. See § 95 Rem. 3. The 3d Fut. δεδήσομαι (see § 99 Rem. 1,) takes the place of the 1st Fut. δεθήσομαι which is not Attic. MID.

δέω fail, want, Fut. δεήσω, &c. is commonly impersonal, as δεῖ, there is wanting, il faut, Subj. δέῃ, Opt, δέοι, Inf. δεῖν, Part. δέον, Fut. δεήσει. &c. The Pass. δέομαι I need, is never impersonal, δεήσομαι, ἐδεήθην.

ΔΗΚΩ, see δάκνω.

διδάσκω teach, loses o in its formation; διδάξω, δεδίδαχα, &c.

MID.

διδράσκω escape, run away, is found only in composition (αποδιδράσκω διαδιδράσκω)-from 4Ρ ΑΩ, Fut. δράσομαι, Perf. δέδρα κα—2d Aor. ἔδραν, ας, α, αμεν &c. 3d Plur. ἔδραν (for ἔδρασαν),

~

Subj. δρώ, ας, α &c. Οpt. δραίην. Imper. δρᾶθι. Inf. δρᾶναι. Part. Sods. See §110 Rem. 5. This must not be confounded with the regular

doάw do, see above in the list of Contracts.

Sidou give, see § 107.-MID.

dozów seem, think, from 40K2, Fut. doğw &c. The Perfect is borrowed from the passive dédoyuai have appeared. The regular formation doxnow, &c. is less usual.

ΔΟΩ, see δίδωμι.

ΑΡΑΩ, see διδράσκω.

duvapai can, Pres. and Imperfect like orauai, 2d. pers. Pres. Súvaca better than duvy, which is only Subjunctive. With regard to the Augment, see § 82 Rem. 3. Fut. duvnoquai, Aor. dvvýθην, (also ἐδυνάσθην), Perf. δεδύνημαι. Verbal Adjective δυνατός.

dua. This verb originally connects the immediate signification enter, with the causative inclose, see § 113. 5. In the common usage it has only the latter (to inclose, to sink, &c.) and retains this meaning in Fut. and 1st Aor. dvow, dvoa, Pass. ¿dvOnv. See § 95 Rem. 3. The MID. dvouai inclose myself, dvooμai, ¿dvoάuny passes into the intransitive meaning enter, submerge, &c. which, however, again reverts to a transitive meaning, as enter a garment, that is, dress. These significations of the immediate kind are retained in the active voice in the Perf. deduxα, and the 2d Aor. ἔδυν, δύναι, δύς, δύθι, δῦτε. See § 110 Rem. 5. To this is to be added a new active form duvo, which is almost equivalent in signification with the middle δύομαι.

E.

ἐγείρω awake transit. regular in the Act.Perf. ἐγήγερκα. The MID, has the immediate or intransitive signification awake, and has in the Aor. nyoounv, see § 110 Rem. 1. The 2d Perfect with an anomalous reduplication

ἐγρήγορα

belongs, like other 2d perfects, to the immediate signification, but

197

198

passes over into a new present signification, I have awaked, that is, I am awake, I wake.* Pluperf. with force of Impf. ¿yonyógɛw.

ἔδω, see ἐσθίω.

δοῦμαι, see ἕζομαι.

ἕζομαι, καθέζομαι, sit. Fut. καθεδούμαι. See § 95 Rem. 8. ἐθέλω and θέλω will, Fut. ἐθελήσω, θελήσω, &c. See § 112. 2.

w am wont; instead of this present, use is made of the anomalous perfect εἴωθα.

sido see, an ancient verb, of which, in this acceptation, only εἶδον, ἰδεῖν, ἰδέσθαι, &c. are in use as the Aorist of the verb δράω, and are to be seen under that verb. In the Epic language, however, some other parts of sido are found as tenses of the same verb. See on this subject and on the tenses which have the signification know ( oïda, ydewv, ¿looμai,) above § 109 and § 113. 2.

기

sixo. Of this verb there is used as a Present the Perf. oina am like, seem. Part. ἐοικώς, Att. εἰκώς, Neut. εἰκός, (Ion. οἶκα, oinas, oixós,) Pluperf. xew. See $83 Rem. 7 and 9. The verb sino yield, see among the regular verbs.

είμαρται, see ΜΕΙΡΟΜΑΙ.

εἰμί and είμι, see § 108.

εἰπεῖν say, 2d Aor. Indic. ɛiñov, Imper. ɛiné. This is more common than the 1st Aoг. εina, see § 96 Rem. 1. Imperat. ɛinóv with anomalous accent, εἰπάτω &c. Inf. εἶπαι.

With this Aorist, use has closely connected the Fut. ¿ow (Ion. ἐρέω) from εἴρω—and from ΡΕΩ the perfect εἴρηκα, see § 82 Rem. 2.-Perf. pass. εἴρημαι, Αor. pass. ἐῤῥήθην and ἐῤῥέθην 3d Fut. instead of the common Fut. pass. εionooμai.

For the present of this verb, onui is used, see § 109, sometimes also ayopeve (properly to speak in public), particularly in composition, as anayopevw forbid, interdict, anɛinov forbade. In some compounds λέγω furnishes the present, as ἀντιλέγω, ἀντεῖπον. εἴρω, see εἰπεῖν and ἔρομαι.

εἴωθα, see ἔθω.

* In most lexicons this perfect is found under ἐγρηγορέω or γρηγορέω, which are forms of a degenerate period of the Greek language.