of the System. But there was an essential point omitted even in these books. It was, that the

,,grammatical form should precede the Exercises, so ,,that the learner should at once be made acquainted with ,,the grammatical structure of the foreign language, ,without which, he could never attain a through know,,ledge of it".

This then is the principle which has been followed in ,, FRANZ THIMM'S Series of European Grammars" and which gives it a distinct feature of progress over the former systems pursued.

On these valuable principles the following grammars have been published:

for the German Language by MEISSNER,

The prevalent idea in these grammars is that of teaching a language easily and pleasantly, of adapting it to every capacity, of removing all unnecessary difficulties and at the sametime of imparting the necessary grammatical knowledge. In this respect therefore

,,Franz Thimm's Series of Grammars"

is not only original, but extending the new Method to all the languages of Europe, it is unique.

On the Construction of a sentence with ,,tanto" and „,cuanto"

Numeral Adjectives. 1. Cardinal-Numbers

59

61

2. Auxiliary Verb,,tener"

3. Auxiliary Verb „ser"

4. Auxiliary Verb „,estar"

Observations on the Verbs,,ser" and "estar"

Regular Verbs, 1st., 2nd. and 3rd. Conjugations
Observations on the Regular Verbs

Passive, Reflective and Impersonal Verbs

Irregular Verbs. 1st. Conjugation

112

115

118

121

124

145

147

149

All these letters are feminine in Spanish.

There are six vowels: a, e, i, o, u, y, the rest are consonants.

2. The Accent.

The Spanish language has but one accent, called ,,acento agudo", which is placed over the vowels a, e, i,

SALVO'S Spanish Grammar. I.

1,

o, u; it serves to lengthen the syllable and to pronounce it more distinctly and forcibly than the other vowels, as:

águila, eagle.

árbol, tree.

mármol, marble.

temió, he feared.

amó,

he loved.

amaré, I shall love.

A vowel is termed long when it requires a peculiar stress of the voice to be laid upon it; it is called short when it is pronounced rapidly. As a general rule, all words in Spanish ending in a vowel are accented on the penultimate, or the last syllable but one, they do not therefore require the accent, as, publico, habito, but if any other syllable is to be accented, it must be indicated, as:

público, public publico, I publish — publicó, he published. hábito, a habit habito, I inhabit habitó, he inhabited.

1. Words derived from the Latin, of which the Spanish language chiefly consists, retain the same tone as in the original.

2. In compound words the stress falls sometimes on the first syllable as: llévamelo", take it from me; in adverbs it is to be found on the second syllable as in:

intrépidamente, intrepidly.

3. With the exception of Proper Names and adverbs, all words ending with a consonant have the accent on the last syllable, as:

tomád, relox, tomár, caridad, animál.

4. If particles be added to the verbs they retain their original intonation, just as the Italians pronounce:

andiámocene, so in Spanish: tómasenos.

5. The words keep the same accent in the Plural which they have in the Singular, though they terminate in s, as:

el nombre, los nombres. - padre, padres.

amoroso, amorosos.

6. The vowels á, é, ó, ú, when used as prepositions or conjunctions, are always accented.