§ 6. Barter.

BARTER is the exchanging of one commodity for another, and teaches merchants fo to proportion their quantities, that neither shall sustain loss. PROOF. By changing the order of the question.

RULE.

1. When the quantity of one commodity is given, with its value, or the value of its integer, as alĵo the value of the integer of fome other commodity to be exchanged for it, to find the quantity of this commodity: Find the value of the commodity of which the quantity is given, then find how much of the other commodity at the rate propofed, may be had for that fum.

2. If the quantities of both commodities be given, and it fhould be required to find how much of fome other commodity, or how much money should be given, for the inequality of their values: Find the feparate value of the two given commodities, fubtract the lefs from the greater, and the remainder will be the balance, or value of the other commodity.

3. If one commodity is rated above the ready money price, to find the bartering price of the other: Say, as the ready money price of the one is to the bartering price fo is that of the other to its bartering price.

3. A and B, barter; A has 150 bushels of wheat at 5s. 9d. per bufhel, for which B gives 65 bushels of barley, worth 2s. 10d. per bufhel, and the bal ance in oats at 2s. 1d. per bufhel; what quantity of oats must. A receive from B? Anfwer, 3251 bushels.

4. A has linen cloth worth 20d. an Ell, ready money; but in barter he will have two fhillings; B has broadcloth worth 14s. 6d. per yard ready money; at what price ought the bread cloth to be rated in barter?

Answer, 17s. 4d. 3q. per yard.

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Supplement to Barter.

1. WHAT is Barter?

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QUESTIONS.

2. When and how does this rule become useful to merchants?

3. When a given quantity of one commodity is bartered for fome other commodity, how is the quantity that will be required of this last commodity found?

4. If the quantity of both commodities be given and it be required to know how much of fome other commodity, or how much money must be given for the inequality, what is the method of procedure?

5. If one commodity be rated above the money price, how do you proceed to find the bartering price of the other commodity?

6. How is Barter proved?

EXERCISES.

1. A and B bartered: A had 41 Cwt. of hops, 30s. per Cwt. for which B gave him £20 in money, and the reft in prunes at 5d. per lb. I demand how many prunes B gave A befides the 20?

Ans. 17 C. 3grs. 4lb.

2. How much wine, at $1,28 per gallon, must I have for 26 Cwt. 2qr.

14lb. of raifins, at $9,444 per Cwt.

Ans. 196 gal.1gt. 1pt. and very nearly.

§ 7. Les and Gain.

"LOSS and GAIN is a rule which enables merchants to estimate their profit or lofs, in buying and felling goods; alfo to raise or fall the price of them, fo as to gain, or lose so much

per cent.'

CASE 1.

To know what is gained or loft per cent. First, find what the gain or lofs is by fubtraction; then, as the price it cost is to the gain or lofs, fo is 100 dollars (or 100) to the gain or loss, per cent.

CASE 2.

As 100

To know how a commodity must be fold to gain or lofe fo much per cent. dollars (or 100) is to the price; fo is 100 dollars (or £100) with the prof. it added, or lefs fubtracted, to the gaining or lofing price.

3. If 120 lb. of steel coft £7 how muft I fell it per lb. to gain 15 per

cent ?

Ans. 1s4 per lb.