his unhappy slaves? Why do they continue to embitter the minds of the savages against you? Surely this is not the way to conciliate the affections of America. Be not deceived." The address then proceeds to encourage the people with the fairest prospect of success in the full establishment of their liberty and independence. The most powerful incentives to perseverance and exertion are held forth as the means of vanquishing the foes of our country. "Above all bring forward your armies into the field. Trust not to appearances of peace or safety. Be assured that unless you persevere you will be exposed to every species of barbarity; but if you exert the means of defence which God and nature have given you, the time will soon arrive when every man shall sit under his own vine, and under his own fig tree, and there shall be none to make him afraid."

3d.-A great degree of dissatisfaction has prevailed for some time among the officers of our army. At the commencement of the war, a considerable proportion of our officers it is presumed, engaged in the service from the purest motives of patriotism; some doubtless were actuated by pecuniary views, or influenced by the novelty of the employment, and with the expectation that the contest would be of short continuance. These incentives appear in a great measure to have vanished. The active spirit of patriotism is not to be considered as inexhaustible; when it has made the most liberal personal sacrifice, it is disposed to languish and to resign its duties to others who hold an equal stake in the public weal. The military commission, which in other armies is eagerly sought for, and prized, as entitling the bearer to the post of honor and profit, is in ours, held in little estimation, and in some instances it is scarcely considered as reputable. The paper money in which our army is paid, has greatly depreciated, and an officer can with difficulty realize an adequate support while in camp, and those who have families.

dependant on them, are reduced to the greatest embarrassments. Many officers, when commissioned, relinquished lucrative professions, or employments, and are devoting the most precious portion of life to the service of their country. When we contemplate the destitute condition which may be his lot at the close of the war, or the wretched circumstances in which he may be called to leave his family in case he should not survive this period, no one can be surprised that he is dissatisfied in his present situation, and that he claims from the public a more ample remuneration. These considerations, will account for the numerous resignations which have taken place, and which has occasioned the Commander in Chief much anxiety and concern. Apprehending that he should be deprived of the services of many meritorious officers, his Excellency General Washington, made a feeling representation to Congress relative to the subject. A committee of that honorable body has been appointed to confer with the general, and in concert with him, to make and recommend such new arrangements as should appear eligible. His Excellency strongly recommended a half pay establishment, which he conceived was indispensably necessary, to induce the officers to continue in the service, and cheerfully discharge their respective duties, as many have already resigned, and application for it, is frequently made by others. Besides adopting some method to make the provision to officers equal to their present exigencies, a due regard should be paid to futurity. "Nothing, in my opinion," says his Excellency," would serve more powerfully to reanimate their languishing zeal, and interest them thoroughly in the service than a half pay establishment." This conference and representation produced the desired effect. Congress being convinced of the propriety and necessity of making further provision for the encouragement of their army, Resolved unanimously, that all military officers, com

missioned by Congress, who now are, or hereafter may be, in the service of the United States, and shall continue therein during the war, shall after the conclusion of it, be entitled to receive annually for the term of seven years, if they live so long, one half of the present pay of such officers. They further resolved unanimously, that every non-commissioned military officer, or soldier, who has enlisted or shall enlist in the service of these States during the war, and shall continue therein to the end thereof, shall be entitled to receive a further reward of eighty dollars at the expiration of the war.

4th.-Intelligence has reached us that the royal army, under the command of General Sir Henry Clinton, has evacuated Philadelphia, and while marching through Jersey to New York, General Washington attacked them near Monmouth court house, on the 28th of June, and a warm engagement ensued. This contest was conducted with military ardor and spirit on the side of both armies; but was not on so broad a scale as to prove very decisive in its consequences. Each side, it is said, claims the victory; but allowing the honor to be equally divided, the enemy is incomparably the greatest sufferer. If reports are accurate, the loss of the royalists consists of four officers, and two hundred and forty five rank and file killed, and left in the field buried by our people; one thousand two hundred and fifty five wounded; one hundred and seventeen prisoners; and one thousand five hundred and seventy two deserted during the march; total of their loss, after they left Philadelphia, according to accounts circulated, three thousand one hundred and eighty nine. Of the con

tinentals, according to returns, sixty nine were killed, one hundred and forty two wounded, and about one hundred missing. The intense heat of the weather, great fatigue, and drinking cold water, proved fatal to about sixty or eighty men of each party. General Washington commanded in person on this memorable

day. He was exposed to every danger while encouraging and animating his troops, and his presence and example were of the utmost importance during the day. After the action, at night, he laid down in his cloak under a tree, with the expectation of recommencing the battle in the morning, but the royal army silently retreated during the night without being pursued.

One unfortunate circumstance occurred on this occasion, which created considerable embarrassment, and deranged the plan of operations. Major General Lee, was ordered by the Commander in Chief, to advance and attack the enemy's rear, so soon as a proper opportunity should offer. Having approached very near, instead of engaging, he suffered his troops to retreat in some confusion. On learning this, his Excellency was exceedingly mortified and astonished; coming up to General Lee, and meeting part of his corps in their flight, he with some warmth inquired the cause of his retreat, and addressed General Lee, in language which implied censure. The high spirited Lee could not brook the slightest appearance of disapprobation, and replied with an air of disrespect. He however, requested of his Excellency fresh orders for the conduct of his corps, and these he promptly obeyed, and discovered no want of bravery in the field. But, unable to quell the rankling of a turbulent temper, he addressed after the battle, two letters to the Commander in Chief, containing improper and disrespectful expressions. As if in defiance of superior authority, he demanded a trial by a court martial, that he might have an opportunity of vindicating his conduct, in consequence of which his Excellency has put him under arrest to await his trial.

5th.-Congress have passed a vote of thanks to General Washington and his army, for their brave conduct at the battle of Monmouth.

8th.-I accompanied Dr. Woodruff to Fishkill village, about fourteen miles. Dined at the hospital

with our old friends Drs. Adams and Eustis. They are pleasantly situated in a secure retreat, for the accommodation of our sick and wounded soldiers.

It is expected the French government will lend us their assistance and co-operation against our English adversaries. It is asserted that a powerful French fleet will soon arrive on our coast.

16th. His Excellency the Commander in Chief visited West Point, to take a view of the works which are constructing there. His arrival was announced by the discharge of thirteen cannon, the number of the United States.

20th.-Having a number of sheep running at large in the woods belonging to our hospital, and being in want of mutton, I was induced to assist the slaughterers with my gun against these harmless animals. In pursuit of this game, I devoted most of the day, and a single sheep only was the reward of my labor and fatigue. On my return, I was accused of want of skill as a marksman, and Dr. Prescott challenged me to decide our superiority by firing at a mark; the challenge accepted, we placed an object at the end of our garden. After the third fire, we were checked by an unpleasant incident. Several horses were grazing in a field directly in our range, and one of them, a valuable animal, received a ball through his body. The wound on examination was found to be fatal, the skill of the surgeon could avail nothing, and to add to our chagrin, we were informed that the animal was the property of Brigadier General Glover, and was by him highly prized. We soon received a billet from the general, and on waiting on him at West Point, to adjust the terms of settlement, he demanded the cost of the horse, which was one hundred and fifty dollars. Justice and honor required that we should promptly comply with his demand. A soldier who had the charge of the horses, informed us that one of the balls struck the ground within a yard of his feet; had the poor fellow been the victim, the