9. What is the sum of the following: 314 A. 2 R. 39 P. 200 sq. ft. 136 sq. in., 16 A. 1 R. 20 P. 10 sq. ft., 3 R. 36 P., and 4 A. 1 R. 16 P.?

10. Find the contents of 64 T. 33 ft. 800 in., 9 T. 1200 in., 25 ft. 700 in., and 95 T. 31 ft. 1500 in. of round timber.

11. Add together, 96 bu. 3 pk. 2 qt. 1 pt., 46 bu. 3 pk. 1 qt. 1 pt., 2 pk. 1 qt. 1 pt., and 23 bu. 3 pk. 4 qt. 1 pt.

12. What is the area of the four following pieces of land: the first containing 20 A. 3 R. 15 P. 250 sq. ft. 116 sq. in.; the second, 19 A. 1 R. 39 P.; the third, 2 R. 10 P. 60 sq. ft.; and the fourth, 5 A. 6 P. 50 sq. in. ?

13. A farmer raised from one field, 37 bu. 1 pk. 3 qt. of wheat; from a second, 41 bu. 2 pk. 5 qt. of barley; from a third, 35 bu. 1 pk. 3 qt. of rye; from a fourth, 43 bu. 3 pk. 1 qt. of oats: how much grain did he raise in all?

14. A grocer received an invoice of 4 hhd. of sugar: the first weighed 11 cwt. 15 lb.; the second, 12 cwt. 3 qr. 15 lb. ; the third, 9 cwt. 1 qr. 16 lb.; the fourth, 12 ewt. 1 qr.: how much did the four weigh?

15. A lady purchased 32 yd. 3 qr. of sheeting; 31 yd. 1 qr. of shirting; 14 yd. 2 qr. of linen; and 6 yd. 2 qr. of cambric what was the whole number of yards purchased?

:

16. Purchased a silver teapot, weighing 23 oz. 17 pwt. 11 gr.; a sugar-bowl, weighing 8 oz. 13 pwt. 19 gr.; a cream pitcher, weighing 5 oz. 11 gr.: what was the weight of the whole ?

17. A stage goes one day, 87 m. 6 fur. 24 rd.; the next, 75 m. 3 fur. 17 rd.; the third, 80 m. 7 fur. 10 rd.; the fourth, 78 m. 5 fur.: how far does it go in the four days?

18. Bought three pieces of land: the first contained 17 acres 1 R. 35 P.; the second, 36 acres 2 R. 21 P.; and the third, 46 acres 0 R. 37 P.: how much land did I purchase?

Or, s. may be reduced to the fraction of a £: thus,

Then,

=

s. of £150 of a £= of a £.
1⁄2

=

3

3 + 24 = 12 += 1 of a £,

which, being reduced, gives 14s. 2d. Ans.

Reduce the fractions to the same unit, and then add as in simple fractions.

Or: Reduce the fractions, separately, to integers of lower denominations, and then add as in denominate numbers.

Examples.

1. Add of a ton and

2. Add

of a yard,

3. Add 14 miles,

of a cwt.

of a foot, and of a mile. of a furlong, and 30 rods.

4. Add cwt., 42 lb., 13 oz., cwt., and 6 lb.

5. Add 5 days and 52

minutes.

6. Add £, 3.75s., and .975d.

7. Add .2965 T., .8725 cwt., .63725 qr., and .1625 lb.

215. What is the rule for the addition of denominate fractions?

8. A tailor bought 3 pieces of cloth, containing respectively, 18 yards, 213 Ells Flemish, and 16 Ells English: how many yards in all?

9. Mr. Merchant bought of farmer Jones, 221 bushels of wheat at one time, 195 bushels at another, and 335 at another how much did he buy in all?

10. Mr. Warren pursued a bear for three successive days: the first day he traveled 28 miles; the second, 33 miles; the third, 29 miles, when he overtook him: how far had he traveled?

11. Bought 3 kinds of cloth: the first contained of 3 of of yards; the second, of of 5 yards; and the third, of of yards: how much in them all? 12. Add 14 cwt., 173 lb., and 7 oz.

SUBTRACTION.

216. The principles on which Subtraction of Compound Numbers is founded, are the same as those that govern the subtraction of simple numbers.

1. What is the difference between £27 16s. 8d. and £19 17s. 9d.?

OPERATION.
20 12

£27

16s. 8d.

19

17 9

7

18 11

ANALYSIS.-We cannot take 9d. from 8d.; we therefore add to the upper number as many units as are contained in the scale, and at the same time add 1, mentally, to the next higher denomination of the subtrahend. We then say, 9 from 20, leaves 11. Then, as we cannot subtract 18 from 16, we add 20, and say, 18 from 36, leaves 18. Now, as we have taken 1 pound = = 20 shillings, from the pounds, and added it to the shillings, there are but 26 pounds left. We may then say, 19 from 26, leaves 7, or 20 from 27, leaves 7. The latter is the easiest in practice. The first step is called borrowing; the second, carrying: Hence

Rule.

I. Set down the less number under the greater, placing units of the same value in the same column.

II. Begin with the lowest denomination, and subtract as in simple numbers, borrowing and carrying when necessary, according to the scale.

PROOF.-The same as in simple numbers.

216. What is the rule for Subtraction of Compound Numbers ?

13. From 38 mo. 2 wk. 3 da.. 7 hr. 10 m., take 10 mo. 3 wk. 2 da. 10 hr. 50 m.

14. From 176 yr. 8 mo. 4 wk. 4 da., take 91 yr. 9 mo. 2 wk. 6 da.

15. From £3, take 3s.

16. From 2 lb., take 20 gr, Troy.

17. From 8 tb, take 1 tb 13 23 20.

18. From 9 T., take 1 T. 1 cwt. 2 qr. 20 lb. 15 oz. 14 dr. 19. From 3 miles, take 3 fur. 19 rd.

20. I purchased 167 lb. 8 oz. 16 pwt. 10 gr. of silver, and sold 98 lb. 10 oz. 12 pwt. 19 gr.: how much had I left?

21. I bought 19 T. 11 cwt. 2 qr. 2 lb. 12 oz. 12 dr. of old iron, and sold 17 T. 13 cwt. 2 qr. 19 lb. 14 oz. 10 dr.: what had I left?

22. I purchased 101 b 113 73 20 19 gr. of medicine, and sold 17 23 33 10 5 gr.: how much remained unsold?

23. From 46 yd. 1 qr. 3 na., take 42 yd. 3 qr. 1 na. 2 in. 24. Bought 7 cords of wood, and 2 cords 78 feet having been stolen, how much remains?

217. To find the time between any two dates.

1. What time elapsed between July 5th, 1848, and August 8th, 1850?

NOTE. In the first date, the number of the year is 1848; the number of the month, 7, and the number of the day, 5. In the second date, the number of the year is 1850, the number of the month, 8, and the number of the day, 8. Hence, to find the time between two dates:

OPERATION. yr. mo. da 1850 8 8 1848

7 5

2 1 3