ARITHMETIC. Definitions. 1. A UNIT is a single thing, or one. 2. QUANTITY is any thing which can be measured by a unit. 3. A NUMBER is a unit, or a collection of units. 4. An ABSTRACT NUMBER is one whose unit is not named; as, one, two, three, &c. 5. A DENOMINATE NUMBER is one whose unit is named; as, one foot, two yards, three pounds, &c. Such numbers are also called, Concrete numbers. 6. A SIMPLE NUMBER is a single collection of like units, whether abstract or denominate. 7. ARITHMETIC is the Science of numbers, and also, the Art of applying numbers to practical purposes. 8. A PROPOSITION is something to be done, or demonstrated. 9. An ANALYSIS is an examination of the separate parts of a proposition. 10. An OPERATION is the act of doing something with numbers. 11. A RULE is the direction for performing an operation. 12. An ANSWER is the result of a correct operation. 1. What is a unit?-2. What is quantity?-3. What is a number?-4. What is an abstract number ?-5. What is a denominate number? What other name has it?-6. What is a simple number?-7. What is Arithmetic?-8. What is a proposition?-9 What is an analysis ?-10. What is an operation ?-11. What is a rule? -12. What is an answer? Operations of Arithmetic. 13. There are, in -Arithmetic, five fundamental operations : Notation and Numeration, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division. Expressing Numbers. 14. There are three methods of expressing numbers: Expressing Numbers by Words. Each of the words, one, two, three, four, five, six, &c., expresses a number, and denotes how many units are taken. NOTATION AND NUMERATION. 16. NOTATION is the method of expressing numbers, either by letters or figures. NUMERATION is the art of reading, correctly, any number expressed by letters or figures. There are two methods of Notation: the one by letters, the other by figures. The method by letters is called, the Roman Notation; the method by figures is called, the Arabic Notation. |