As there are 10 mills in one cent, it is plain that cents are changed or reduced to mills by multiplying them by 10, tha is, by merely annexing a cipher, ( 12.) 100 cents make a dollar; therefore dollars are changed to cents by annexing 2 ciphers, and to mills by annexing 3 ciphers. Thus, 16 dollars 1600 cents 16000 mills. Again, to change mills back to dollars, we have only to cut off the three right hand figures, (21;) and to change cents to dollars, cut off the two right hand figures, when all the figures to the left will be dollars, and the figures to the right, cents and mills. Reduce 34 dollars to cents. Reduce 240 dollars and 14 cents to cents. Reduce $748'143 to mills. Reduce 17846 cents to dollars. Reduce 96171⁄2 cents to dollars. Ans. 3400 cents, Ans. 24014 cents. Ans. 748143 mills. Ans. $748'143. Ans. $'984 Ans. $96'17. Reduce 2064 cents, 503 cents, 106 cents, 921 cents, 500 cents, 726 cents, to dollars. Reduce 86753 mills, 96000 mills, 6042 mills, to dollars. ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF FEDERAL MONEY. T 28. From what has been said, it is plain, that we may readily reduce any sums in federal money to the same denomination, as to cents, or mills, and add or subtract them as simple numbers. Or, what is the same thing, we may set down the sums, taking care to write dollars under dollars, cents under cents, and mills under mills, in such order, that the separating points of the several numbers shall fall directly under each other, and add them up as simple numbers, placing the Beparatrix in the amount directly under the other points. What is the amount of $487'643, $132'007, $4'04, and $264'102? Ans. $887792. OPERATION. $487'643 4'04 264102 mills. Amount, 687792 mills, $ 887792. $ 264'102 $887'792 Amount. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 1. Bought 1 barrel of flour for 6 dollars 75 cents, 10 pounds of coffee for 2 dollars 30 cents, 7 pounds of sugar for 92 cents, 1 pound of raisins for 12 cents, and 2 oranges for 6 cents; what was the whole amount? Ans. $10'155. 2. A man is indebted to A, $237'62; to B, $350; to C, $86'12; to D, $9'62; and to E, $0'834; what is the amount of his debts? Ans. $634'204. 3. A man has three notes specifying the following sums, viz. three hundred dollars, fifty dollars sixty cents, and nine dollars eight cents; what is the amount of the three notes ? Ans. $359'68. 4. What is the amount of $56'18, $7371, $280, $9'287, $17, and $90'413? 5. Bought a pair of oxen for $76'50, a horse for $85, and a cow for $1725; what was the whole amount? 6. Bought a gallon of molasses for 28 cents, a quarter of tea for 374 cents, a pound of salt petre for 24 cents, 2 yards of broadcloth for 11 dollars, 7 yards of flannel for 1 dollar 62 cents, a skein of silk for 6 cents, and a stick of twist for 4 cents; how much for the whole? } SUBTRACTION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 7. A man gave 4 dollars 75 cents for a pair of boots, and 2 dollars 12 cents for a pair of shoes; how much did the boots cost him more than the shoes? 8. A man bought a cow for eighteen dollars, and sold her again for twenty-one dollars thirty-seven and a half cents; how much did he gain? Ans. $3'375. 9. A man bought a horse for 82 dollars, and sold him again for seventy-nine dollars seventy-five cents; did he gain or lose? and how much? Ans. He lost $2'25. 10. A merchant bought a piece of cloth for $176, which proving to have been damaged, he is willing to lose on it $16'50; what must he have for it? Ans. $159'50. 11. A man sold a farm for $5400, which was $725'37 more than he gave for it; what did he give for the farm? 12. A man, having $ 500, lost 83 cents; how much had he left? 13. A man's income is $1200 a year, and he spends $800'35; how much does he lay up ? 14. Subtract half a cent from seven dollars. 15. How much must you add to $16'82 to make $25? 16. How much must you subtract from $250, to leave $87'14? 17. A man bought a barrel of flour for $6'25, 7 pounds of coffee for $1'41; he paid a ten dollar bill; how much must he receive back in change? MULTIPLICATION OF FEDERAL MONEY. 29. 1. What will 3 yards of cloth cost, at $4'62 a yard? OPERATION. 4'625 $13'875, the answer. $4'625 are 4625 mills, which multiplied by 3, the product is 13875 mills. 13875 mills may now be reduced to dollars by placing a point between the third and fourth figures, that is, between the hundreds and thousands, which is pointing off as many places for cents and mills, in the product, as there are places of cents and mills in the sum given to be multiplied. This is evident; for, as 1000 mills make 1 dollar, consequently the thousands in 13875 mills must be so many dollars. 2. At 16 cents a pound, what will 123 pounds of butter cost? F larger number, is 738 123 $19'68, the answer. made the multiplicand, and the price the multiplier. 123 times 16 cents is 1968 cents, which, reduced to dollars, is $19'68. RULE. From the foregoing examples it appears, that the multiplication of federal money does not differ from the multiplication of simple numbers. The product will be the answer in the lowest denomination contained in the given sum, which may then be reduced to dollars. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 3. What will 250 bushels of rye come to, at $0'88 per bushel? Ans. $221'25. 4. What is the value of 87 barrels of flour, at $6'37 a barrel ? 5. What will be the cost of a hogshead of molasses, containing 63 gallons, at 284 cents a gallon? Ans. 17'955. 6. If a man spend 124 cents a day, what will that amount to in a year of 365 days? what will it amount to in 5 years? Ans. It will amount to $228'12 in 5 years. 7. If it cost $36'75 to clothe a soldier 1 year, how much will it cost to clothe an army of 17800 men? 8. Multiply $367 by 46. 9. Multiply $0'273 by 8600. Ans. $654150. 10. What will be the cost of 4848 yards of calico, at 25 cents, or one quarter of a dollar, per yard? Ans. $1212. Note. As 25 cents is just of a dollar, the operation in the above example may be contracted, or made shorter; for, at one dollar per yard, the cost would be as many dollars as there are yards, that is, $4848; and at one quarter (1) of a dollar per yard, it is plain, the cost would be one quarter (4) as many dollars as there are yards, that is, 1848 $1212 When one quantity is contained in another exactly 2, 3, 4, 5, &c. times, it is called an aliquot or even part of that quantity; thus, 25 cents is an aliquot part of a dollar, because 4 times 25 cents is just equal to 1 dollar; and 6 pence is an aliquot part of a shilling, because 2 times six pence just make 1 shilling. The following table exhibits some of the aliquot parts of a dollar : Cts. 50 331 25 20 TABLE. of a dollar. From the illustration of the last example, it appears, that, when the price per yard, pound, &c. is one of、 these aliquot parts of a dollar, the cost may be found, by dividing the given number of yards, pounds, &c. by that number which it takes of the price to make 1 dollar. If the price be 50 cents, we divide by 2; if 25 cts. by 4; if 124 cts. by 8, &c. This manner of calculating the cost of articles, by taking aliquot parts, is usually called Practice. 12 = of a dollar. 6 5 of a dollar. 11. What is the value of 14756 yards of cotton cloth, at 12 cents, or of a dollar, per yard? 12. What is the cost of 18745 pounds of tea, at $50,= dollar, per pound? Ans. $9372'50 13. What is the value of 9366 bushels of potatoes, at 33 cents, or of a dollar, per bushel ? 93663122 Ans. 14. What is the value of 48240 pounds of cheese, at $'06, of a dollar, per pound? Ans. $3015. 15. What cost 4870 oranges, at 5 cents, = of a dollar, apiece? Ans. $243'50 of apples, at 20 Ans. $30204. 16. What is the value of 151020 bushels cents, = of a dollar, per bushel? 17. What will 264 pounds of butter cost, at 12 cents per pound? Ans. $33. 18. What cost 3740 yards of cloth, at $125 per yard? |