QUESTIONS. How may most business operations be abbreviated? What are the aliquot parts of a number? Repeat the table of " Parts of a dollar."" Parts of a year." How may you multiply a number by 5 Why? By 25? Why? By 50? Why? By 12? Why? By 125? Why? By 33? Why? How may you divide by 25? Why? By 125? Why? By 12? Why? By 50? Why? By 33 Why? By any number of 9's? Why? For what is the term percentage used? What does per cent. mean? Give examples. What is the rule for computing percentage? What, if the per cent. contains a fraction that cannot be exactly expressed in decimals? What are commission and brokerage? What is an agent sometimes called? When? How is his compensation usually estimated? What is insurance? What is the premium? The policy? What are stocks? What are shares? Stockholders? What is par value? Premium? Discount? Give examples. How are the profits arising from stocks divided? What is a dividend? What are taxes? How are they levied? What is a poll tax? A poll? In making taxes, how is the amount to be raised on property to be ascertained? How do you find the tax on $1? How is the amount of each man's tax found? What is real estate? Personal estate? What are duties? What is a specific duty? An ad valorem duty? What expenses are included in estimating the cost? How are duties levied in the United States by the tariff of 1846? Why is merchandise, imported into the country, weighed or measured? What is gross weight? Net weight? Draft? Tare? What is said of the practice of merchants in respect to draft, scalage, damage, &c.? What is interest? Principal? Rate? Amount? What is the rule for finding the interest of $1 for a given time, when the rate is 6 per cent. per annum? What is the reason for this rule? What is the rule for finding the interest on any given principal? How do you find the interest for any other rate than 6 per cent.? Give examples. What is the rule for finding the interest on pounds, shillings, pence, &c.? What is the rule for reducing shillings, pence and farthings, to the decimal of a pound? Give an example. What is the legal rule for partial payments? How should endorsements be expressed? What easier rule is generally adopted? What is compound interest? What is the rule for compound interest? Repeat the rule when the principal, interest and time are given, to find the rate. Principal, interest, and rate given, to find the time. Time, rate, and interest given, to find the principal. Amount, time, and rate given, to find the principal. How is the present worth of sums of money due at a distant future day to be estimated? What is the practice of banks and merchants in computing the present worth of a note payable at a future time? What is discount? What is the rule for computing discount? What is banking? What are banks? What is bank discount? How does the bank discount of a note differ from the discount of a debt not yet due? What is the origin of the term "days of grace?” What is to be done if the last day of grace expires on a Sunday or holiday? Repeat the form of a common note of hand, such as is discounted at banks. Who is the promissor? The payee? The endorser? The applicant? Repeat the form of a joint or several note. When is this form used? How is discount computed when the cents on a note or draft amount to 50 or more? To less than 50? What is meant by the face of a note? The proceeds of a note? What is the rule for finding the proceeds of a note discounted at a bank? The rule for finding the amount for which a note must be written, in order to obtain a given sum from a bank? What is meant by bank exchange? Repeat the form of a bill of . exchange. Who is the drawer of a draft? The endorser? The payee? The acceptor? What is an acceptance? What is an inland bill of exchange? A foreign bill of exchange? What is meant by a draft being payable at sight? What is meant by profit and loss? How is gain or loss usually estimated? Give an example. What is equation of payments? What is the rule? What is the value of a dollar in English or sterling money? In Canada? What is its value in shillings and pence in the different states of the Union? What is the par value of a pound sterling expressed in Federal money? What is the real value of the English pound in Federal money? What is meant by the premium of exchange? Give an example. What is the rule for reducing English or sterling money to Federal money? For reducing Federal money to English money? 123. ANALYSIS. Review Art. 95. 1. If 5 yards of cloth cost 63 cents, what will 7 yards cost? NOTE. One yard will cost of 63 cents. Why? And 7 yards will cost of of 63 cents. Why? 2. If 34 bushels of corn cost $1.95, what will 157 bushels cost? 19 bushels ? 3. If 251 57 lb. ? 4. If 3 cost? 25 5. If 4 lb. of coffee cost $2.55, what will 3 lb. cost? lb. of butter cost 63 cents, what will 157 lb. lb. ? acres of land cost $55, how much will $100 buy? $150.25? $238 ? 6. If g of a barrel of flour cost $24, what is the cost of 5% barrels? 83 barrels ? NOTE. 5 barrels will cost 3 of 3 of 4 of one dollar. Why? 7. Bought 45 bushels of corn for $33; what will 87 bushels come to, at the same rate? 3g bushels? 10 bushels ? 8. If 5, tons of hay cost $70.50, what is the price of 3,7 tons? 14 tons? 25 tons? 9. Sold 3 bushels of apples for $31; what should be paid for 4g barrels? 3 barrels ? 8 barrels? 10. If of a ship is worth $3582, what is the whole ship worth? 11. If of worth? of a ship cost $3000, what is the whole ship of the whole? of the whole? 12. If, and of an acre of land cost $375, what is the cost per acre? 13. A farmer sold 7 bushels of corn at 62 cents per bushel, and took his pay in molasses at 25 cents per gallon; how many gallons did he receive? NOTE. Such exchanges of articles of commerce are called Barter. Specific rules for solving such questions are useless; the general rule of common sense being sufficiently specific for the purpose. The same remark may apply to many arithmetical operations for which particular rules have been framed. 14. How many bushels of wheat, at $1.121 per bushel, must be given in exchange for 25 yards of cloth, at $34 per yard? 15. How many pounds of sugar, at 82 cents per lb., must be given for 281 bushels of potatoes, at 62 cents per bushel? 16. A farmer bought 34 sheep, at $17 apiece; how many bushels of oats will pay for them, at 371⁄2 cents a bushel? 17. What will 950 bushels of rye come to, at of a dollar per bushel? (100.) 18. What will 856 bushels of potatoes come to, at 25 cents per bushel? at 331 cts.? at 37 cts.? at 50 cts.? at 121⁄2 cts.? at 75 cts.? at 87 cts.? (100 and 101.) 19. What will 250 acres of land cost, at £1 8s. 6d. per acre? (100.) at £3 9s. 5d.? 20. What will 35 cords 7 C. ft. of wood come to, at $43 per cord? 21. §, 1, † and ↓ of a certain number is 285. What is the number? 22. of a certain number exceeds of it by 60. What is the number? 23. Two persons start from the same place and travel in the same direction, one at the rate of 45 miles per hour, and the other at the rate of 5 miles per hour; how far apart will they be in 6 hours? in 5 hours? How far apart will they be in the same time, if they travel in opposite directions? 24. In how many hours will the above travellers be 50 miles apart, if they travel in the same direction? In how many hours, if they travel in opposite directions? NOTE. Reduce the fractional parts of the answers to the following questions to the lowest denomination. 25. A cistern has 2 pipes; the first can fill it in 2 hours, and the second in 3 hours; what part of it will each pipe fill in one hour? What part of it will both pipes fill in one hour? How long will it take them both to fill it? 26. A cistern has 3 pipes; the first will fill it in 2 hours, the second in 3 hours, and the third in 4 hours; how long will it take them all to fill it? 27. If, in the last example, the first will fill the cistern in 2 hours, the second in 3 hours, and the third will empty it in 4 hours, in what time will the cistern be filled, if all are set running together? 28. A reservoir has 4 pipes; the first will fill it in 3 hours, the second in 2 hours, the third in an hour, and the fourth will empty it in 2 of an hour. If all were left open, in what time would the reservoir be filled? an 29. A cistern has 4 pipes; the first will fill it in hour, the second in of an hour, the third in of an hour, and the fourth will empty it in of an hour. In what time will the cistern be filled, if all are left open together? 30. What sum of money at simple interest will amount to $1000 in 5 years, at 6 per cent.? at 5 per cent.? (112.) 31. At what rate per cent. simple interest will $1000 amount to $1500 in 5 years? in 8 years? 32. In what time will $500 amount to $750, at 6 per cent. simple interest? 33. Bought a box of sugar for $40, but not proving so good as I expected, I sold it for $35; what per cent. did I lose? 34. Sold a quantity of merchandise for $20 more than it cost, by which I gained 8 per cent.; what was the cost of the merchandise? What was it sold for? 35. William can do a piece of work in 3 hours; with the assistance of John, he can do it in 14 hours; in what time can John do it alone? II. 124. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES IN PERCENTAGE. The following abbreviations are used in merchants' accounts, viz.. Bo't for bought; Co. for company; Mdse. for merchandise; B. P. for bill of parcels; Recd. payt. for received payment; gro. for gross; ea. for each; @ for at. Shillings are usually expressed by an oblique line, thus /; as 6/, for 6 shillings; 53 for 5 shillings and 3 pence; the time at which a sum of money falls due, on which the days of grace are allowed, is frequently expressed thus, March 3/6, meaning by it that the time and grace expired March 6th. Per cent. is often expressed thus, %. EXAMPLES. 1. What is the interest of $500.75 for 2 yr. 4 mo. 18 da., at 6 per cent.? at 6 per cent.? at 7% ? at 71% ? at 81 per cent.? at 4 per cent.? at 51 %? 2. Concord, Feb. 27, 1848. For value received, I promise to pay William Coggswell, or order, $275.45, in 4 months, with interest afterward. Aug. 15, 1848, recd. one hundred dollars.. Oct. 8, 1848, recd. fifty dollars. Jan. 17, 1849, recd. five dollars. April 12, 1849, recd. fifty dollars. What was due on the above note May 15, 1849? Perform it by both the legal rule and the common business rule. 3. A merchant bought 5000 gallons of molasses at 20 cts. per gallon cash, and sold it immediately at 21 cents. received in pay a note payable in 4 months, for one half of the amount, and one at 6 months, for the remainder. Does he |