In £15 15s. 8d. 3qr. how many farthings?

£15 15s. 8d. 3qr.

20

315 shillings.

12

3788 pence. 4

15155 farthings.

In this question we multiply £15 by 20 to reduce them to shillings, because 20 shillings make 1£, and to the product we add the 15 shillings. We multiply 315 shillings by 12, because 12 pence make 1. shilling, and to this product add the 8d. Multiplying the pence by 4, because 4 farthings make id., and adding to the product the 3qr., gives the number of farthings in £15 15s. 8d. 3qr. This process is called reduction.

NOTE. Higher denominations are reduced to lower denominations by multiplication.

8. How many shillings are there in £15 8s.? £25 17s.? 9. How many pence in 15s. 6d. ? In £12 15s. 9d.? 10. How many farthings are there in £3 5s. 8d. 3qr.? 11. How many pence will 1 barrel of flour come to at £1 5s. 6d. per bl.? 5 bls.? 8 bls.? 25 bls.?

Learn the table, Art. 60.

150 bls. ?

12. How many days in 8 years? In 10 yr.? 15 yr. and 87 da.? 37 yr. and 150 da.?

13. How many hours in 1 week? In 17 w.? In 1 yr. 35 da. 19 h.?

14. How many minutes in 1 day and 6 hours? In 1 w. 3 da. 18 h.? In 17 da. 4 h. 31 m.?

15. How many seconds in 35 m. 18 s.? In 16 h. 35 m. 24 s.? In 1 yr. 15 da. 8 h. 3 m. 4s.?

16. In 15 lb. Troy, how many oz.? How many dwt.? How many gr.?

17. In 10 lb. 8 oz. Troy, how many oz.? dwt.? gr. ?

18. In 10 lb. 5 oz. 3 dwt. 15 gr. how many grains?

19. How much are 3 lb. 5 oz.. 6 dwt. of silver worth at $0.06 a dwt.?

Learn the table, Art. 59.

20. In 189 gallons, how many quarts? pints? gills? 21. In 267 gallons, how many quarts? gills?

22. In 318 gal. 6 qt. 1 pt. how many pints?

23. What will 204 gal. 2 qt. of molasses come to, at 6 cts. per quart?

24. How much will 17 gal. 1 qt. 1 pt. of milk come to at 2 cts. a pint?

Learn the table, Art. 58.

25. How many pints in 3 bu. 3 pk. 3 qt.? 26. What will 2 bu. 3 pk. 5 qt. of beans

In 15 bu. 7 qt.? come to at 8 cts.

a quart? 27. How many pints in 4 bu. 3 pk. 3 qt.? In 9 bu. 3 pt. ? 28. What will 3 bu. 2 pk. 3 qt. of salt come to, at 2 cts.

a qt.?

29. How many rods in 1 mile? fur. 15 rd.?

10 m. 3 fur.?

15 m.

2

In 2 m. 3 fur. 7 rd.?
In 2 m. 3 fur. 12 ft. 4 in.?

30. How many yards in 1 mile? 31. How many inches in a mile? 32. What will the grading of 25 miles of railroad cost at 15875 dollars a mile?

33. The rails weigh 18 pounds per foot. How much will the rails weigh for a single track 1 mile long? 5 miles? 25 miles?

34. What will the rails for 1 mile cost at 3 For 5 miles? For 25 miles? For 60 miles? Learn the table, Art. 56.

cents a pound?

35. How many rods in 25 acres? In 10 acres 2 roods? 7 acres 8 sq. rods?

36. In 35 sq. rods, 15 sq. yards how many sq. yards? How many sq. feet?

37. In 29 sq. yd. 6 sq. ft. 100 sq. in. how many sq. in.? 38. What will 1 sq. acre come to at $0.25 a sq. ft.? 39. How many oz. in 1 qr. 15 lb. 7 oz.? In 2 cwt. 3 qr. 5 lb. 7 oz.?

40. What will 1764 lb. of sugar cost at $0.085 a pound? 41. A farmer carried to market 5 bushels of potatoes, 75 pounds of squashes, 4 bushels of apples, 3 bushels of turnips, 10 gallons of milk, 3 dozen of eggs, and 25 bunches of onions. He sold his potatoes at 18 cents a peck, squashes at 1 cent 5 mills a pound, apples at 17 cents a bushel, turnips at $0.125 a peck, milk at 4 cents 5 mills a quart, eggs at $0.155 a dozen, and onions at 2 cents a bunch. How much did his load come to? 42. The farmer named in the last question bought for his family 3 gallons of molasses at 24 cents a gallon, 15 pounds of sugar at 7 cents a pound, 20 pounds of coffee at 11 cents a pound, 5 pounds of fresh fish at 4 cents a pound, 25 pounds of rice at $0.055 a pound, and a pair of boots for $3.25. How much of his market money did he carry home?

43. A sold B 584 gallons of molasses at 23 cents per gallon, and B sold A 365 pounds of butter at 18 cents a pound, and 115 pounds of cheese at $0.075 a pound. How much was the balance and to whom was it due?

44. What will 7606 pounds of lead come to at $0.082 a pound?

45. A farmer sold 175 bushels of potatoes at $0.625 a bushel, 25 barrels of apples at $2.125 a barrel, and 200 pounds of squashes at $1.75 per 100 pounds. He received in pay a horse, a cow worth $40.75, and 3 barrels of flour worth $6.75 a barrel. How much was the horse valued at?

46. In $1057 how many cents? How many mills? 47. How many cents and mills in $1041? In $1475.01? 48. Reduce to cents and mills $5.01; $3000.001; $81000; $547.91; $5761.408.

49. Multiply 4104.75 by 310.6407; by 210.0475.

50. Multiply 65041000 by 4070000; add 2504000 to the product, and from the sum subtract 58175 × 601.08.

51. Multiply 581.09106 by .00045; add to the product 15.0084, and from the sum subtract 3.6810084.

II. 52. Add 510.8075+3516.087+410.08009; multiply the sum by 510875000, and subtract 857601.007 from the product.

53. Multiply 7160.0804 by 850600000; subtract 50408007051 from the product, and to the remainder add 5418.008 X 3.10804.

I. 54. What is the amount of the following bills of parcels?

57. Multiply fifty-four thousand and seventy-five by nine thousand and twenty-four.

58. Multiply six hundred and seventy-five thousand and twenty-five by fifty-four, and eighty-seven ten thousandths. 59. Multiply fifteen million, five hundred and ninety-six thousand, eight hundred and fifty-four, by five thousand and

sixteen.

II. 60. Multiply five billion, forty-one million, three thousand and sixty-five, by ninety-five thousand and fifty-four.

61. Multiply fifty-seven million, five thousand and twentyfour, and fifty-four thousand and thirty-five millionths, by five hundred and four thousandths.

62. Multiply sixteen thousand and one, -ninety-five ten millionths, by one hundred and seven thousand and fourteen, and seventy-five thousandths.

by 6; by 7;
416 X 3?

by 8; by 9.
512 X 4?

II. 32. 1. How much are 4 times 146? Say 4 times 100 are 400, 4 times 40 are 160, which added to 400 is 560, times 6 are 24, 560 and 24 are 584; therefore, 4 times 146 are 584. 2. Multiply 254 by 4; by 5; 3. How much is 375 X2? 719X2 914 X 3? 567 X 8? 4. How much are 6 times 140? 5. How much are 8 times 37? 6. How much are 9 times 25?

395? 486? 1004? 196? 287? 1087?

215 X6?

1064?

3284 ?

115? 614? 1016? 3165? 8467?

33. DIVISION is the method of finding how many times one given number is contained in another.

The terms used in division are the dividend, or the number to be divided; the divisor, or the number to divide by; and the quotient, which shows how many times the divisor is contained in the dividend. That part of the dividend which remains after division is called the remainder.

4

A man divided 28 cents among some children, giving 7 cents to each. How many children were there? Ans. There were as many children as there are times 7 cents in 28 cents. times 7 are 28; therefore 7 cents is contained in 28 cents 4 times. In this example 28 is the dividend, 7 is the divisor, and 4 is the quotient, or number of times the divisor is contained in the dividend.

We see, also, that the divisor and quotient are factors of the dividend, just as in multiplication the multiplicand and multiplier are factors of the product.

The sign of division is a short horizontal line with a dot above and below it; thus,÷, and shows that the number before it is to be divided by the one after it; as 28÷7=4; which is read 28 divided by 7 is equal to 4. Or the dividend may be placed above a short horizontal line and the divisor below it, as 28: = 4, which is also read, 28 divided by 7 is equal to 4. Numbers placed above one another in this way always show that the number above the line is to be divided by the one below it.

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