1 degree 1 league 1 mile 1 degree (deg. or °)=60 Geographical miles, (G. m.) = 691 Statute miles, = 3 miles, = 8 furlongs, (S. m.) (m.) (fur.) 1 furlong 40 rods, (rd.) 5.5 5 yards, (or 16 feet,) (yd.) (ft.) (in.) Cloth Measure is used in measuring cloth and other goods sold by the yard. The yard is of the same length as the yard in Long Measure. 56. Square Measure. Square Measure is used in measuring surfaces, such as land, flooring, roofing, painting, and everything that has In measuring land, surveyors use a chain which is 4 rods long, and which is divided into 100 links. 25 links make 1 rod, and 7% inches make 1 link. The term pole is often used for rod. A Ᏼ . A square is a surface which has its four sides equal, and its angles right angles. (See page 000, def. 8.) A rectangle is a surface which has its opposite sides equal, and its angles right angles. D A square inch is a square, each side of which is one inch long. A square foot is a square, each side of which is one foot long. To find the number of square inches, feet, &c., in a square or rectangular surface, Multiply the length by the breadth, (70, 153, &c.) 57. Cubic Measure. Cubic Measure is used in measuring solid bodies, and capacities, or anything that has length, breadth, and thickness; as timber, stone, boxes of goods, &c. square foot. A cube is a solid having 6 equal sides which are squares. A cubic inch is a cube, each of whose sides is a square inch. A cubic foot is a cube, each of whose sides is a To find the number of cubic inches, feet, &c., in a solid, whose surfaces are all squares or rectangles, Multiply the length by the breadth, and this product by the thickness. (70, 168 and 170.) 58. Dry Measure. Dry Measure is used in measuring grain, fruit, salt, coal, and similar goods. The bushel contains 2150.4 cubic inches. The half-peck contains 268.8 cubic inches. 59. Liquid Measure. Liquid Measure is used in measuring all kinds of liquids. NOTE 1. The common gallon is 231 cubic inches. The "Imperial gallon" of Great Britain contains 277.274 cubic inches. A gallon of milk, and malt liquors, is 282 cubic inches. In many places, milk is measured by the common gallon. 2. The hogshead is not a measure of a definite capacity. Casks of different capacities, from 60 or 70 gallons and upwards, are indiscriminately called hogsheads. They usually contain from 120 to 150 gallons. Many are larger. The unit is the gallon. 3. A barrel of cider, or of fish oil, such as curriers use, is understood to contain 31 gallons. A barrel of molasses, from 28 to 31 gallons. 1= 3651 min. sec. 876652596031557600 1=4= 28 = 672= 40320 2419200 - 604800 1440= 86400 60 3600 The exact year is 365 da. 5 h. 48 min. 57 sec. This is the true solar year, which is the time measured from the sun's leaving either of the equinoxes or solstices to its return to the same again. A siderial or periodical year, is the time in which the earth makes one complete revolution round the sun, and is 365 da. 6h. 9m. 14 sec. The civil year consists of 365 days for three successive years, but every fourth year contains 366 days. When any year can be divided by 4 without a remainder, it is leap year, and contains 366 days; except the centennial years, which, although divisible by 4, are not leap years, unless the hundreds are also divisible by 4; thus, the years 1800 and 1900 are not leap years, but the year 2000 will be leap year. The year is divided into 12 months, as follows: In leap year February has 29 days. The number of days in each month may be learned by committing the following lines: "Thirty days hath September, To which we twenty-eight assign, 61. Circular and Astronomical Measure. Circular Measure is used in measuring circles, latitude and longitude, and in computing the revolutions of the planets around their primaries; as the earth around the sun, the moon around the earth. A quadrant is 90 degrees. A sign of the zodiac is 30 de12 signs make the circle of the zodiac. grees. |