quent ratification is equivalent to prior authority. But if such ratification is made under a mistake of circumstances it is not binding.

Responsibility of Third Party.-A person doing business with an agent is just as responsible to his principal as though he had transacted the business with the latter in person.

Revocation. It is always in the power of the principal to revoke an agency; but if the power conferred is coupled with an interest, as where an agent has power to sell goods and apply the proceeds to his own use; or if it is given for valuable consideration, and a continuance of the agency is necessary to meet the responsibilities he has assumed in advance, to carry it on, then such agency cannot be revoked at the pleasure of the principal.

How to Revoke an Agency.--It must be done by an express act of the principal or by the act of law. The first implies a written form revoking the power of attorney that has been conferred, or any express declaration to revoke. The second occasion may be the death of the principal or agent.

Notice to be Given.-Due notice should be given by the prin cipal of such revocation to those who knew of the authority given to such agent, because a general authority may continue to bind the principal after it has been actually recalled, if the agency were well known and the recalling of it wholly unknown to the party dealing with the agent without that party's fault.

Power of Attorney.-The authority by which one person is empowered to act in the place or as the attorney of another is called a power of attorney. The power of attorney is usually in writing and under seal, though for many purposes it may be created by parol. Strict rules of construction are applicable to these instruments, and courts incline to construe even general powers narrowly rather than broadly. If the power of attorney is to be recorded it should be properly acknowledged before an officer the same as a deed.

General Form of Power of Attorney

Know all Men by These Presents, That I, William Brown, of Chicago, County of Cook, and State of Illinois, have made, constituted, and appointed and by these presents do make, constitute, and appoint, George B. Stadden true and lawful attorney for me and in my name, place, and stead, [here state the purpose for which the power is given], giving and granting unto my said attorney full power and authority to do and perform all and every act and

thing whatsoever, requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully, to all intents and purposes, as I might or could do if personally present, with all power of substitution and revocation, hereby ratifying and confirming all that my said attorney or his substitute shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal the second day of January, one thousand nine hundred and eleven,

Signed, Sealed, and Delivered)

in Presence of

}

WILLIAM BROWN. [SEAL]

Power to take Charge of and Carry on Business

Know all Men by These Presents, That I, Henry Saylor, of Aurora, Illinois, do by these presents appoint, constitute, and make R. L. Winters my true and lawful attorney, for me and in my place and stead to take charge of my business of general merchandising at Aurora, Illinois; to purchase and sell for cash or on credit all such articles, goods, merchandise, and wares, as he shall deem proper, necessary, and useful in said business; to sign, accept, and indorse all notes, drafts, and bills; to state accounts; to sue and prosecute, compromise, collect, and settle all claims or demands due or to become due, now existing or hereafter to exist in my favor; to adjust and pay all claims or demands which now exist or may hereafter arise against me, either connected with said business or otherwise.

In witness whereof. I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this of, 19

- day

HENRY SAYLOR. [SEAL]

Power to Vote as Proxy at an Election

Know all Men by These Presents, That I, Homer Clark, of Peoria, Illinois, do hereby appoint J. R. Wagner to vote as my proxy at any election of directors or other officers of the [name the company or corporation] according to the number of votes I should be entitled to if I were then personally present. GEORGE PAXTON. [SEAL]

Letter of Revocation

Know all Men by These Presents, That I, Fred B. Jennings, of Reading, Pennsylvania, in and by my letter of attorney, bearing date the day of, did make, constitute, and appoint R. L. Hartmann my attorney. as by said letter more fully appears.

That I, the said Fred. B. Jennings, do by these presents annul, countermand, revoke, and make void said letter of attorney and all authority and power thereby given said attorney, R. L. Hartmann.

In witness, etc.

FRED. B. JENNINGS,

APPRENTICESHIP

An Apprentice is a person bound to service for a number of years, and receiving in return instruction in his master's business. Although in most of the States the contract is provided for by statute, apprenticeship, as a necessary means of access to a trade, has been almost universally abolished.

Form of Contract of Apprenticeship

This indenture of apprenticeship, between John Wilson, father of Harry Wilson, on the one part, and Chas. Hastings, of the other part, witnesseth. That the said Harry Wilson, aged 15 years on the 20th day of January, A. D. 1911, is hereby bound as an apprentice under the said Chas. Hastings, from the date hereof until the 20th day of January. 1914, to learn the trade and art of a printer, and is faithfully to serve the said Chas. Hastings and correctly conduct himself during the term of his apprenticeship.

And the said Chas. Hastings hereby covenants that he will teach the said Harry Wilson the said trade and art, and will furnish him, during said apprenticeship, with board, lodging, washing, clothing, medicine and other necessaries suitable for an apprentice in sickness and health; and will send him to a suitable public school at least three months during each of the first two years of said term; and at the expiration of the said apprenticeship will furnish him with two new suits of common wearing apparel and one hundred dollars in money.

In testimony whereof, the parties hereto have set their hands and seals this twentieth day of January, A. D. 1911.

(Apprentice) HARRY WILSON. (Master) CHAS. HASTINGS. JOHN WILSON,

Release of an Apprentice

Know all Men by These Presents, That, son of —, did, by his indenture, bearing date the day of, A. D. 19-, bind himself as an apprentice unto years (or until he should be of legal age) from the date thereof, as by said indenture more fully appears.

-

of, for a term of

That [here state fully the reasons for the release] by reason whereof, the said doth hereby release and forever discharge said and his father, -. of and from said indenture and all service and all other agreements, covenants, and things contained therein, on their or either of their parts, to be observed and performed whatsoever, unto the day of this release. In witness whereof, I have hereto set my seal this

Factory Act.

day of, A. D. 19-. (Signature.)

An Act to regulate and limit the hours of employment of females in any mechanical establishment, or factory or laundry in order to safeguard the health of such employes; to provide for its enforcement and a penalty for its violation.

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois represented in the General Assembly: That no female shall be employed in any mechanical establishment or factory, or laundry in this State, more than ten hours during any one day. The hours of work may be so arranged as to permit the employment of females at any time so that they shall not work more than ten hours during the twenty-four hours of any day.

SECTION 2. Any employer who shall require any female to work in any of the places mentioned in Section 1 of this Act, more than the number of hours provided for in this Act, during any day of twenty-four hours, or who shall fail, neglect or refuse so to arrange the work of females in his employ that they shall not work more than the number of hours provided for in this Act, during any one day, or who shall permit or suffer any overseer, superintendent or other agent of any such employer to violate any of the provisions of this Act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and conviction thereof shall be fined for each offense in a sum of not less than $25.00 or more than $100.00.

SECTION 3. The State Department of Factory Inspection shall be charged with the duty of enforcing the provisions of this Act, and prosecuting all violations thereof.

SECTION 4, All Acts and parts of Acts in conflict herewith are heret y repealed. -In force July 1, 1909

The Law Favors the peaceful settlement of controversies, and in many of the States there are statutes providing for the submission of disputed matters to the decision of one or more persons, called arbitrators. Their decisions are called awards.

The Statutes Generally Provide that if the parties to any suit in a court of record desire to submit the matter involved to arbitrators, an order may be entered directing such submission to three impartial and competent persons, to be named in such order-such arbitrators to be agreed upon and named by the parties, and if they fail to agree, each shall name one, and the court the third.

How Arbitration is Conducted.-The arbitrators so appointed are sworn, and proceed to hear and determine the matter, and draw up an award. The proceedings are much like proceedings in court or before a master in chancery. A copy of the award is delivered to each party, and if either party fails to comply therewith, the other within a year may file said award in court, and obtain a judgment.

Matters Not in Suit.-All persons having a requisite legal