had gotten out of the letters were found loose in the mail bags.

The Dead Letter Office returns what it can, but the carelessness or ignorance which misdirects letters is very apt to record no return address for the enlightenment of the postoffice. In consequence, while there were in the same year 2,544,379 letters sent to the Dead Letter Office, which were subsequently delivered to their owners, and 5,806 returned to the writers, there were 6,111,493 that gave no clue and were destroyed. There were sold at auction 5,702 pieces of merchandise that caine to the Dead Letter office and could not be delivered; also 936 parcels of books and 476 pieces of jewelry.

Suggestions. Always write "Transient," or "General Deliv. ery" on matter for persons not living where you send mail to them.

When directing to cities, always add the street and number, or postoffice box, of the person addressed, unless marked "Transient," or "General Delivery."

To insure certainty in dispatch of mail, give the county in which the postoffice is, and spell out the name of the State in full.

If you will write or print your name and address (and the contents, if a package) in the upper left-hand corner of your mail matter, it will be returned to you for correction, if improperly addressed, or insufficiently paid, and if not called for at its destination, it can be returned to you without going to the dead letter office. If a letter, it will be returned free.

Register all valuable letters and packages.

POSTAL SAVINGS.

An Act of Congress approved June 25, 1910, provided for the establishment of Postal Savings Depositaries in all parts of the country, thus enabling all persons of the age of ten years or over to open an account by making an initial deposit of One Dollar or any multiple of it not exceeding One Hundred Dollars in any one calendor month. Less amounts than one dollar may be accumulated for deposit by purchasing for ten cents from any depositary a postal savings card to which may be attached adhesive stamps of the denomination of ten cents representing the small amounts saved. When these stamps, including the card amount to one dollar, they may be deposited and will draw interest at the rate of two per cent per annum. When these postal savings reach the sum of Twenty Dollars, they may be ex

changed for a United States bond of the denomination of Twenty Dollars, bearing interest at the pate of 22 per cent, payable semi-annually. The faith of the United States is solemnly pledged to the payment of these deposits and bonds with accrued interest as stated. Persons remote from these depositaries upon application to any of them, will receive Special stamps that will enable them to transmit to the depositary their savings without cost for postage.

PROPERTY, REAL AND PERSONAL

All property is divided into real estate and personal property. 1. Real Estate means land and everything growing or built upon it, such as trees, houses and all kinds of buildings.

2. Personal Property is everything else. Thus all capital stock of railroad companies and other companies is personal property, even though the property of corporations consists only of land.

A note, draft or claim upon a debtor is personal property. Real estate may change to personal property. Thus, trees growing and coal in mine are real, but when trees are cut down and coal is mined, they become personal. Real eems to imply the immovable character of property.

3. Joint Ownership.-Here each person has a present and equal right to possession. All can use it or sell it together, each can dispose of his share as he pleases. If in a division they cannot agree, one can bring suit and the court will divide it.

4. To Hold in Trust.-Sometimes property is placed in trust of a third party for the use of children under age. Such a person is called a trustee, and is entrusted with the duty of managing the property and applying the profits to the use of those to be benefited.

The rights of such trustee are usually defined by a will. The powers of the trustee over the property are governed by the deed or will creating the trust.

The trustee can do nothing with the estate to benefit himself. The beneficiary has no power over the property; in some cases he cannot even transfer his rights to receive the income to another. For laws governing the sale and transfer of real estate or interest therein, see Deeds, Leases, Mortgages. For laws gov erning sales of personal property, see Sales, Negotiable Notes, Chattel Mortgages.

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN 331

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF

PARENTS AND CHILDREN

In ancient domestic life the father ruled as absolute monarch over the family. So it is still in oriental countries. Christian civilization has greatly modified this and laws have been enacted that set forth the relation of parent and child, defining the duties and obligations of each.

RIGHTS OF PARENTS

1. As long as a child is under age he is subject to the control of the parents, who have all reasonable authority to enforce obedience. As long as a child is properly treated by the parents no one has a right to interfere nor to take away and retain a child against their wishes.

2. Adopting a Child.—When a child is adopted by another family its parents lose their claim upon it and the adopting persons take their place. A child cannot be adopted without the consent of its parents, but if consent is once given it cannot be revoked.

A child over fourteen must himself consent to the adoption. The court has in all cases the right to consent to or refuse the adoption.

Application must, therefore, be made at the county court and the judge will consider it and pass upon it.

3. Punishment.--Parents have a right to punish their minor children, providing they are not guilty of cruelty. Brutality is severely punished by law as a crime. The punishment must be reasonable, leaving no bruises nor injuring the health of the child.

4. Claims upon Earnings.-While the child is a minor parents have a right to all his earnings. They can claim them of his employer. Parents, however, may free the child and allow him to collect and use his own wages. When this is once made public the parents cannot thereafter collect the child's wages.

5. A Runaway Child.—A child has no right to leave home without permission of the parents; if he does he can be brought back by force. Relations or others who would keep him can be forced by law to give him up unless it can be shown that the father is brutal in his treatment of the child or is not capable

because of drunkenness or other causes to properly care for the child.

OBLIGATIONS OF PARENTS

Obligation to Support. The law requires that parents shall support their minor children. A child having property of his own does not relieve the parents from supporting him. They can, however, by applying to the court, get permission to use a part or all of the income from the child's property for his support. Beyond this the parents have no claim upon or control over the child's property.

CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS

1. A child can own property, over which the parents have no control, except the use of the income of the same for the support of the child, as stated above.

2. Where it is shown that parents are unable to support themselves the child is under legal obligations to support and care for them, at least do what he can toward such support.

3. If a child commits a premeditated crime he is personally liable; parents cannot be held responsible for crimes committed by their minor children.

4. Guardian.-A guardian may be appointed over an orphan child, or the child may choose his own guardian, who in a legal sense exercises all the authority of a parent.

Skill in the art of selling goods has been reduced to a science, and schools for teaching this new science of "salesmanship," as it is called, have been established at New York, Chicago, and other large cities in the United States.

How to Sell Goods.-The following instructions, drawn up by Mr. John A. How land, an experienced and successful salesman, are worthy of careful study by those about to enter upon a mercantile life and by others who have thus far failed of the success they hoped for when entering upon their business career.

The Highest Class Salesman never appears to work hard to make a sale. Usually he is not a great talker. It is the clerks in cheap stores who talk hard and fast; they hustle and sweat and appear to try to corner their customers and to browbeat