Resolutions are the expressed opinion of bodies such as councils, societies, committees, or any organization on any matter they may have had under consideration.

Resolutions in form should be prefaced with a preamble, which should state the reason or occasion o. the statements that follow, and should bear the signature of the committee framing them.

FORMS OF RESOLUTIONS

Retirement of an Officer

WHEREAS, Our esteemed friend and fellow citizen is, on account of bodily infirmities, compel ed to resign as president of our organization; and WHERE, He has for many years filled the office from which he now retires, with great acceptability and universal satisfaction, therefore.

Resolved, That we hereby express to him our sincere thanks for his untiring labors in behalf of our organization and of the public interest, and assure him of our earnest wish that he may enjoy the happiness of a peaceful and serene old age.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, properly engrossed, be presented to him as a mark of our esteem.

Resolution of Thanks

Resolved, That an expression of our appreciation be hereby given to our esteemed chairman, who has presided over the deliberations of this body with impartiality, dignity and marked ability, as well as to the other officers for the faithful performance of duties.

We recommend, That suitable resolutions be drafted by a committee of five appointed by the chair.

Resolution of Sympathy

WHEREAS. It has pleased the Almighty to remove from our midst, by death, our esteemed friend and co-laborer, K. C. Chapman, who has for many years occupied a prominent rank in our midst, maintaining under all circumstances a character untarnished, and a reputation above reproach.

Therefore, Resolved, That in the death of Mr. Chapman we have sustained the loss of a friend whose fellowship it was an honor and a pleasure to enjoy; that we bear willing testimony to his many virtues, to his unquestioned probity and stainless life; that we offer to his bereaved family and mourning friends, over whom sorrow has hung her sable mantle, our heartfelt condolence, and pray that Infinite Goodness may bring speedy relief to their burdened hearts and inspire them with the consolations that Hope in futurity and Faith in God give even in the Shadow of the Tomb.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, properly engrossed, be presented to the family of our deceased friend.

Committee:

J. K. ARTHUR, President.

HARRY STONE, Secretary.

R. K. COLLINS,

A. WESTLAND,

J. ANDERSON,

PETITION FOR LAYING OUT A ROAD

To the Commissioners of the Town of Plainfield, County of Will, State of Illinois.

Your petitioners, of the town of Plainfield, would respectfully represent that the public convenience and wants require that a road and highway should be laid out and constructed beginning at the northeast corner of George E. Smith's farm, in the town of Plainfield, and leading in a direct line south to the town of Lockport.

Your petitioners would therefore ask that your honors would view the premises and locate and construct said road and highway, according to the laws in such cases made and provided, as shown by the statutes of the State. Signatures. Signatures.

PETITION FOR CHANGING A ROAD

To the Commissioners for the County of

The undersigned respectfully represent that the public road and highway from the house of J. H. Nolan, in the town of Oswego, passing the house of G. H. Faust, to the house of Charles Peterson, in the town of Oswego, is indirect, inconvenient and out of the way; wherefore, your petitioners request your honorable body to view the premises, straighten or new locate such road, and discontinue such parts of the present highway as may be useless, or make such alterations or improvements as shall appear to your honors necessary.

Signatures.

Signatures.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Laws Governing the Rights and Duties of Directors,
Teachers, Pupils and Parents

School Management. -In most of the States the management of the public or common schools is placed by statute under the exclusive control of directors, trustees, committees, or boards of education.

School Books and Course of Instruction -Where the management has thus been placed under the exclusive control of the directors, they have the right to determine what books shall be used and what instruction shall be given in the schools.

Separate Schools. Where the legislature of a State confers upon boards of education the power to establish separate schools for white and colored children, this may be done without violating the fourteenth amendment to the constitution of the United States. And where under such statutory provisions appropriate schools for colored children are maintained, such children may be lawfully excluded from schools established for white children.

But unless expressly conferred by statute upon boards of education, the power to establish separate schools does not exist.

The courts will compel the trustees to admit colored children to the public schools where separate schools are not provided for them

Employment of Teachers.-By statute in all the States the authority to employ teachers for the public schools is conferred upon school boards, directors, trustees, and committees.

Certificates of mental and moral qualifications are required of teachers in most of the States.

In some States these certificates are given by a board of examiners and in others by the county superintendent of schools.

Tenures and Salaries. As a general rule teachers are employed for a year only at a time, but sometimes the teacher is first selected for one year, then, if reëlected, for two years, then for four, and then for good behavior This is the practice in Cincinnati, Ohio.

The Salary of a public school teacher is not attachable by trustee process while in the hands of city officials whose duty it is to pay it.

Terminating Teacher's Contract.-The contract made with a teacher for a period extending beyond the trustees' term of office is valid and binding on their successors in office.

School directors cannot terminate a contract with a teacher by doing away with the particular school in which he is engaged in teaching.

Dismissal of Teachers -No teacher holding a proper certificate can be dismissed without sufficient cause. Unfaithfulness, incompetency, and inability to properly govern the school, are held to be, either separately or combined, sufficient cause for dismissal.

If dismissed without sufficient cause, the teacher's remedy is the same as for breach of any other contract.

If unwarrantably interfered with or obstructed in the discharge of his duties by the directors, the teacher has his remedy in an action for damages.

Janitor Work cannot be required of a teacher, unless it is so specified in the contract.

Closing School.-When the school is closed by the district officers on account of the prevalence of a contagious disease, and the teacher stands ready to perform his contract, he is entitled to full salary during the time school is closed.

Legal Holidays.-It has been held by the courts that in the absence of statutory requisitions a school should be allowed the legal holidays without deduction of galary to the teachers.

Teachers May Expel or suspend pupils for sufficient cause, as

for breach of discipline, refusal to take part in exercises, refusal on part of the parents to sign and return periodical written reports of the pupil's standing, father's refusal to permit the teacher to whip the child or to correct him himself, refusal to study certain branches from which the parents of the child have requested that it might be excused, or misbehavior outside of the school tending to injure the school and subvert the teacher's authority. A teacher or director can change the regular school hours only where reason requires it.

Corporal Punishment

The Teacher Stands in Place of the Parent, and while a pupil is under his care, has the same authority as the parent has at home of correcting him by confinement or whipping.

Assaults by Teacher.-Although the teacher has a right to punish his pupils for misbehavicr, he will be liable to prosecution for assault if he inflict such punishment as produces or threatens lasting mischief, or if he inflict punishment, not in the honest performance of duty, but under the pretext of duty. Presumptions in Favor of Teacher.-The teacher has in his favor the presumption that he has done his duty, in addition to the general presumption of innocence, and in determining the reasonableness of the punishment, the judgment of the teacher as to what was required by the situation should have weight, as in the case of a parent under similar circumstances.

Pupils Over Twenty-one years of age who voluntarily attend school, thereby waive any privilege which their age confers, and may be punished as any other pupils.

Indecent Liberties taken by a schoolmaster with a female pupil, without her consent, though she does not resist, consti· tute an assault.

Parents Should Uphold the Teachers in maintaining school discipline, for upon this the welfare not only of the school but that of the pupils themselves depends. Where a teacher is sure of the parent's aid in the proper correcting of a child, corporal punishment at school is very seldom resorted to or required.

Value of Corporal Punishment.-The right and occasional necessity of corporal punishment being conceded, the question remains: Of what use is it?

"I am confident," says Addison, "that no boy who will not be allured by letters without blows, will ever be brought to anything with them."