PART II. GRAMMAR SCHOOL ARITHMETIC EXTENDING OVER THE COURSE OF GRADED By Wm. M. Peck THIRD EDITION REVISED. NEW YORK A. LOVELL & COMPANY 1900 PREFACE. This book has been prepared for the pupils of our common schools with two special objects in view: to train the mind of the child to acquire facility and accuracy in the fundamental use of number, in both oral and written work, in an orderly and natural way; and to prepare him for the business of daily life. The author has also had in view the needs of the many children who are compelled to leave school at an early age and who have no time to spend in learning the definitions and theories of arithmetic, but who need a great deal of practice in the essentials of the subject. The problems have been constructed with special reference to utility and business needs, and they are written in definite arithmetical language within the comprehension of the child. An important feature is the arrangement of the lessons, each of which consists of fifteen concrete problems-five mental and ten written. The five mental problems are similar in appearance and process of solution to the ten written problems which follow, and are to be used as an introductory lesson. Teachers will at once note the peculiar advantage of a book in which mental and written work are combined in the same lesson. It furnishes matter which hitherto they have been obliged to find elsewhere or entirely neglect. This plan leads the pupil by easy and gradual stages from the mastery of the simple to the comprehension of the more difficult and complex, and is in accord with the methods of our best and most successful educators who drill their pupils in mental problems before proceeding to others of similar character involving the same principles, but containing larger numbers and more complex terms. Daily practice in this work must result in a great increase of mental power and in the securing of ability on the part of pupils to rely upon intellectual work and not upon pencil and paper in the solution of arithmetical problems. The problems are graded in such a way as will best secure clearness of thought, logical habits, rapidity and accuracy in calculation. Especial attention has been given to the training in practical business methods, the development of the power of fixed habits of attention, and the cultivation of lucid processes of reasoning. The problems are all based on recent and reliable data, and drawn from the experiences and usages of business men in the various occupations of the farm, the workshop and the counting-room. The methods employed are those which practical experience and test in the schoolroom have shown to be the best. All obsolete subjects, terms and other matter heretofore considered necessary in arithmetic, but which modern progress has rendered useless, have been purposely omitted. That portion called Supplementary Arithmetic has been added to supply the wants of schools which require a more extended course, or are under the Regent's, and whose examinations demand a knowledge of more advanced subjects in arithmetic. Following the plan of Part I. of this Series, a suggestive four years' course is given for the guidance of the teacher, which correctly outlines and divides each year's work. May, 1894. W. M. P. TWO HUNDRED GRADED BUSINESS PROBLEMS. I. 1. James Brown earns $1,250 a year. If it cost him $875 for living expenses, how much money will he save in five years? 2. Bought a suit of clothes for $42.50, an overcoat for $22.75, a pair of boots for $5.25, and a hat for $4.63. What was the amount of the bill? 3. Samuel Jones gave $73 for a watch, $15.50 for a carriage robe, $250 for a horse, and sold them so that he gained $21.50. What did he receive for all together? 4. A grocer bought 6 cheeses, each weighing 75 pounds. How much did he pay for them, if they were worth 15 cents a pound? 5. A man bought a coat for $12.75, and a hat for $4.50. How much change ought he to get back from a $20-bill? 6. A man having $90.75, lacks how much of having enough to purchase a watch and chain worth $125 ? 7. What cost 5 pounds 4 oz. of coffee at 20 cents a pound? 8. A milkman buys milk at 12 cents a gallon, and retails it at 5 cents a quart. Find his gain on a 10-gallon can. |