353. A Cord of wood is a pile 8 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, and 4 ft. high; for 8 x 4 x 4 = 128. 354. A Cord Foot is one foot in length of such a pile; hence, 1 cord foot 16 cu. feet; 8 cord ft. = 1 cord. ORAL EXERCISES. 355. 1. How many cubic inches in 2 cubic feet? 2. How many cu. feet in 2 cubic yards? In 3 cu. yards? 3. How many cubic feet in 2 cords? In 3 cords? 4. In 54 cu. feet, how many cu. yards? In 126 cubic feet? 5. How many cord feet in 3 cords of wood? In 5 cords? 6. In 32 cord feet how many cords? In 72 cord feet? LIQUID MEASURE. 356. Liquid Measure is used in measuring milk, oil, 357. The Standard Unit of Liquid Measure is the gallon, which contains 231 cubic inches. NOTE.-The barrel and hogshead, as units of measure, are chiefly used in estimating the contents of cisterns, reservoirs, etc. ORAL EXERCISES. 358. 1. How many quarts in 20 pints? In 36 pts.? 3. How many gallons in 2 hogsheads? In 5 hhd.? DRY MEASURE. 359. Dry Measure is used in measuring grain, fruit, salt, etc. 360. The Standard Unit of Dry Measure is the bushel, which contains 2150.4 cubic inches.* NOTE.-The dry quart is equal 13 liquid quart nearly. ORAL EXERCISES. 361. 1. How many pints in 12 quarts? In 25 quarts? 2. How many pecks in 40 qts. of chestnuts? 3. How many bushels in 72 pecks? 4. If you pay 40 cts. for bushel of apples, what must you pay for 5 bushels ? 5. If I buy a bushel of walnuts for $3, and sell them at 5 cts. a pt., how much shall I make ? 6. How many bu. in 36 pecks? In 96 quarts? *For the standard weight of a bushel of different grains, see Art. 896, Appendix. TROY WEIGHT. 362. Troy Weight is used in weighing gold, silver, etc. 363. The Standard Unit of weight in the United States, is the Troy Pound. 1. How many grains in 6 pennyweights? 2. How many pwt. in 6 lb. 7 oz. ? In 8 lb. 5 oz.? 3. How many ounces in 8 pounds of silver? 4. Change 4 pwt. to grains. 25 oz. to pwt. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 364. Avoirdupois Weight is used in weighing coarse articles; as hay, cotton, groceries, etc., and all metals except gold and NOTE. In calculating duties, etc., 112 lb. are called a cut., and 2240 lb. a long ton. 365. Gross Weight is the weight of goods including the boxes, etc., which contain them. Net Weight is the weight of goods after deducting all allow ances. 367. Apothecaries Weight is used by apothecaries in mixing medicines. (Art. 898, Appendix.) TABLE. NOTE.-The pound, ounce, and grain are the same as Troy weight. ORAL EXERCISES. 368. 1. How many ounces in 5 pounds? In 100 pounds? 2. How many tons in 4000 lbs.? In 6200 lbs.? 3. How many pounds in ton? In ton? 4. At 90 cts., what will lb. of tea cost? 5. At $20 a ton, what will ton of hay cost? TIME. 369. Time is a measured portion of duration. Its divisions 370. A Civil Day is the day adopted by government for business purposes. It begins and ends at midnight, and is divided into two parts of 12 hours each; the former being designated A. M., the latter P. M. 371. The Solar Year is equal to 365 d. 5 hr. 48 min. 49.7 sec., or 365 d. nearly. In 4 years this fraction amounts nearly to 1 day. To provide for this excess, 1 day is added to the mo. of Feb. every 4th year, which is called Leap Year.* 372. The Civil year includes both common and leap years, and is divided into 12 Calendar months, viz: NOTE. The following couplet will aid the learner in remembering the months that have 30 days each: Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November." All the rest have 31 days, except February, which in common years has 28 days; in leap years, 29. ORAL EXERCISES. 373. 1. How many days in 7 weeks? In 9 weeks? 2. How many weeks in 42 days? In 63 days? In 90 days? 3. How many months in 6 years? In 8 years? In 11 years? 4. In 48 months how many years? In 72 months? 5. How many centuries in 500 years? In 1800 years? 6. At $9 a week, how much will a man earn in 6 weeks? 7. If you pay $3 a week, how long can you board for $60 ? 8. How many days has a person lived who is 12 years old? 9. If you count 60 a minute, how long will it take to count 1800 ? *For an explanation of the mean Solar days, leap years, etc., see Art. 901, Appendix. |