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LOGARITHMS OF NUMBERS.

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TABLE 2.

Logarithmic Sines, Tangents, and Secants.

This table contains the logarithmic, or, as they are sometimes called, the artificial sines, tangents, and secants, to each degree and minute of the quadrant, with their complements or co-sines, co-tangents, and co-secants, to six places of figures besides the index.

To find the Logarithmic Sine, Co-Sine, &c. of any Number of Degrees and Minutes.

If the given degrees be under 45, they are to be taken from the top, and the minutes from the left side column, opposite to which in that column with the name of the logarithm at the top, will be found the required logarithm. But if the degrees be more than 45, they will be found at the bottom of the page, and the minutes in the right side column; likewise the name of the logarithm is to be taken from the bottom of the page.

When the given degrees exceed 90, they are to be subtracted from 180 degrees, and the logarithm of the remainder taken out as before. Or the logarithmic sine, tangent, &c. of degrees more than 90, is the logarithmic co-sine, co-tangent, &c. of their excess above 90 degrees.

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To find the Degrees and Minutes nearest corresponding to a given Logd rithmic Sine, Co--sine, &c.

Look in the column marked at the top or bottom with the name of the given logarithm, and when the nearest to it is found, the corresponding degrees and minutes will be those required. observing that when the name is at the top of the column, the degrees are to be taken from the top and the minutes from the left side column, but if the name is at the bottom, the corresponding degrees will be there likeWise, and the minutes in the right side column.

EXAMPLES.

The degrees and minutes corresponding to the

log. sine 9.265390 are 100 37'

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The logarithmic sines, &c. taken out to degrees and minutes only are in general sufficiently accurate, but in some of the more rigid astronomical calculations, it is frequently necessary to take them out to the nearest second; when this is the case they are to be found in the following manner :

To find the sine, tangent, &c. of an arch expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds.

RULE.

Find the sine, tangent, &c. answering to the given degree and minute, and also that answering to the next greater minute; multiply the difference between them by the given number of seconds, and divide the product by 60; then, the quotient added to the sine, tangent, &c. of the given degree and minute, or subtracted from the co-sine, co-tangent, &c. will give the quantity required, nearly.

If the arch be less than three degrees, it will be necessary to use the following rule

To the arithmetical complement of the given degrees and minutes reduced to seconds, add the logarithm of the given degrees, minutes, and seconds, reduced to seconds, and the log.-sine, tangent, &c. of the given degrees and minutes, the sum, rejecting 10 from the index, will be the log.sine, tangent, &c. of the proposed number of degrees, minutes, and seconds.

To find the degrees, minutes, and seconds, answering to a given logarithmic sine, tangent, c.

RULE.

Find the degrees minutes and seconds answering to the next less loga rithmic sine, tangent, &c. which subtract from that given; multiply the remainder by 60, and divide the product by the difference between the next less and next greater logarithms, and the quotient will be the seconds to be annexed to the degrees and minutes before found.

If the given logarithm is that of the sine or tangent of a small archthen, to the arithmetical complement of the next less logarithm in the tables, add the given logarithm, and the logarithm of the degrees and minutes, in seconds, answering to the next less logarithm, the sum, rejecting radius, will be the logarithm of the number of seconds in the required arch.

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